四、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Imagine one day the water taps in your house stop running. You have to pay a lot of money for water from shops, and even 1(electric)use has to be cut back to match the scarce water supply. And still there isn't enough water 2 everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water for 3(wash)clothes. Could you stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that is what kids in Yemen are experiencing. According to a report, Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, will run out of 4(drink)water. This serious water shortage has caused a lot of 5(damage)to people's daily lives. 6 of the water shortage, the government of Yemen often cuts the water supply. Hannan, 7 18-year-old girl said, “In a good week we'll have a water supply all the week. But then in the 8(follow)week there will be water only for a day or two. ”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water 9(use). They can buy water from shops or water trucks. Private companies own the trucks, selling water at very high prices that a lot of people can't afford.
The government 10(think)of making use of sea water. However, it will cost a lot and may not happen soon enough to help.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

四、1. electricity 2. for 3. washing 4. drinking 5. damage 6. Because 7. an 8. following 9. to use 10. is thinking

【分析】
这是一篇语境类语法填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍也门的水资源短缺现状，整体时态以一般现在时为主，部分语境需用现在进行时。接下来逐空判断：有括号提示词的空，先分析空格前后的句子成分，判断所需的词性、词形变化规则；无提示词的空，结合固定搭配、句子逻辑、冠词/介词的使用规则判断缺失的成分，最后把所有答案代入通读全文，验证语法和逻辑是否通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 空后是名词use，此处要表达“电力使用”，括号给出的形容词electric需要转换为名词electricity，作定语修饰use，因此填electricity。
2. 本句要表达“仍然没有足够的水供给所有人”，固定结构enough sth. for sb.表示“供某人使用的某物”，介词for引出对象，因此填for。
3. 空前是介词for，介词后接动词时需要将动词变为动名词形式，wash的动名词是washing，因此填washing。
4. 此处修饰名词water，固定常用搭配drinking water表示“饮用水”，用动名词drinking作定语说明用途，因此填drinking。
5. 固定搭配cause damage to表示“对……造成损害”，其中damage是不可数名词，a lot of后直接接damage原形，因此填damage。
6. 空格后接名词短语the water shortage表原因，固定短语because of表示“由于、因为”，位于句首首字母需要大写，因此填Because。
7. 此处修饰可数名词girl，18-year-old发音以元音音素开头，要用不定冠词an表示“一位18岁的女孩”，因此填an。
8. 固定搭配the following week表示“接下来的一周”，用形容词following修饰名词week，因此填following。
9. 固定结构enough + 名词 + to do sth.表示“足够的某物用来做某事”，此处用不定式to use作后置定语修饰water，因此填to use。
10. 语境表示也门政府现阶段正在考虑利用海水资源，描述当下正在进行的动作用现在进行时，主语the government是单数，be动词用is，think的现在分词为thinking，因此填is thinking。
【答案】
1. electricity 2. for 3. washing 4. drinking 5. damage 6. Because 7. an 8. following 9. to use 10. is thinking
【知识点】
词性转换，固定搭配，非谓语动词
【点评】
本题结合水资源短缺的现实热点设题，考点覆盖了初中阶段核心的基础语法点，难度适中，既考查学生对词形变化、介词冠词用法、时态规则的掌握程度，也引导学生建立水资源保护的意识，解题时要注意结合上下文语境判断时态，避免出现固定搭配记忆混淆的错误。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、阅读理解。
①All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
②When planning green buildings, architects(建筑师)must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks(洗涤池)and toilets(马桶)that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for the buildings.
③Buildings around the world go green in different ways. An office building in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. The California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, the US, has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made with over one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
④More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
()1. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Boil.
B. Save.
C. Clean.
D. Produce.
()2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Architects like natural light in the buildings.
B. Rainwater can be saved in a green building.
C. Plants are put on the floor of green buildings.
D. Green buildings are very popular in the West.
()3. 新考法 How is the text organized?

A. ①②③④
B. ①②③④
C. ①②③④
D. ①②③④

五、1. B 【点拨】由上下文可知，画线单词在此处与 save 意思相近。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水。故选 B。
3. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，该篇文章是总—分—总的结构。故选 A。

【分析】
我们可以分三步来完成这篇阅读理解的解题：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，先定位画线单词所在的第二段，这段核心在介绍绿色建筑的节水措施，结合前文提到的“为了节约用水，绿色建筑在屋顶收集雨水”的语境，就能推断出水池、马桶对应的功能是节水，匹配对应选项。
2. 第二题是细节理解题，把每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除表述错误的干扰项，就能选出符合原文的正确答案。
3. 第三题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理段落功能：第一段总述绿色建筑的定义，第二段讲绿色建筑的环保设计思路、第三段举世界各地绿色建筑的实例，属于分述部分，最后一段总结绿色建筑的价值，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应匹配的图示即可。
【解析】
1. 第1小题：定位到第二段，前文明确提到本段核心是介绍绿色建筑的节水方案，收集雨水之后，配套的厨房洗涤池、马桶的作用都是节约水资源，因此conserve的含义和“save（节约）”一致，A煮沸、C清洁、D生产均不符合语境，选B。
2. 第2小题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文仅提到建筑师设计建筑利用自然光，并没有说明建筑师“喜欢自然光”，表述错误；
B选项：原文明确说明绿色建筑可以在屋顶设置区域收集雨水，对应“雨水可以在绿色建筑中被储存利用”，符合文意；
C选项：原文提到的植物是设置在建筑的屋顶，并非放在地板上，表述错误；
D选项：文中仅举了3个不同国家的绿色建筑例子，没有说明绿色建筑在西方非常流行，表述错误。
因此本题选B。
3. 第3小题：梳理全文行文逻辑：第①段总起，介绍绿色建筑的基本定义；第②段讲解绿色建筑的环保设计要求、第③段列举世界各地不同绿色建筑的实例，两部分属于分述内容；第④段总结绿色建筑的积极意义，全文是典型的“总-分-总”结构，对应A选项的菱形图示结构，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A
【知识点】
英语词义猜测，阅读理解细节查找，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语阅读理解三类高频考点，前两道题侧重局部信息的理解，难度较低，第三道新考法的结构题要求学生跳出单句阅读，从整体层面梳理说明文的行文逻辑，能有效考察学生对篇章框架的把控能力，区分度较好。
【难度系数】
0.7