一、根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句中所缺单词，每空限填一词。
1. He was late for work because of a car （事故）on the highway.
2. The wind blew hard last night. I heard the trees （摇动）outside the window.
3. ［2025 南京期末］It was her first time speaking in front of the class, but she didn't feel （紧张）.
4. The fans （大叫）with joy when their team scored.
5. One night of bad sleep or no sleep can make you feel （糟糕的）the next day.
6. When there is a fire （紧急情况）, you must leave the building quickly and calmly.
7. Before boarding the plane, you need to check in at the a and show your passport.
8. — Could you please tell me the way to the City Library?
— Sorry, I'm new here. You can ask that traffic p.
9. We were tired because we were （to make sth. clean）the classroom the whole afternoon.
10. All the people kept （quiet）when they were watching the interesting show.

1. accident 2. shaking 3. nervous
4. shouted 5. terrible 6. emergency 7. airport
8. policeman 9. clearing 10. silent

【分析】本题为根据提示写单词的基础题型，需结合中文提示、首字母、英文解释，同时依据语境、语法（如时态、词性、固定搭配）确定正确单词。具体思路：1. 中文提示“事故”，结合固定短语car accident填写；2. 考查hear sth doing sth结构，表“听到某物正在做某事”，故填摇动的动名词形式；3. feel后接形容词，对应中文“紧张”的形容词；4. 从句scored为过去式，主句用过去式，对应“大叫”的过去式；5. feel后接形容词，对应“糟糕的”；6. 中文“紧急情况”，结合fire emergency填写；7. 首字母a，结合“登机前”的语境，确定地点为机场；8. 首字母p，结合“交通”确定为警察；9. 英文解释为“使某物干净”，即打扫，过去进行时用现在分词；10. keep后接形容词，对应quiet的同义形容词。
【解析】1. 中文提示“事故”，固定搭配car accident，故填accident；2. 固定结构hear sth doing sth（听到某物正在做某事），此处指听到树在摇动，故填shaking；3. feel为系动词，后接形容词，对应中文“紧张”，故填nervous；4. 从句scored（得分）为过去式，主句时态一致，“大叫”的过去式为shouted；5. feel后接形容词，对应中文“糟糕的”，故填terrible；6. 中文提示“紧急情况”，fire emergency意为“火灾紧急情况”，故填emergency；7. 首字母为a，结合“登机前需办理手续”的语境，地点为机场，故填airport；8. 首字母为p，结合“交通”相关的人，应为警察，故填policeman；9. 英文解释“to make sth. clean”意为“打扫”，句子为过去进行时（were+doing），故填clearing；10. keep后接形容词，quiet的同义形容词为silent，故填silent。
【答案】1. accident 2. shaking 3. nervous 4. shouted 5. terrible 6. emergency 7. airport 8. policeman 9. clearing 10. silent
【知识点】英语单词拼写、固定搭配、动词时态
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇的运用，涵盖单词拼写、固定搭配、时态、词性等知识点，难度适中，需学生准确掌握核心词汇的词义及用法，结合提示和语境完成填写。
【难度系数】0.6

二、根据句意或句子的语法要求，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. He (burn) his finger while he was making a fire for the campfire party.
2. When I got home, my mother (cook) dinner in the kitchen.
3. Some famous (coach) came to give us talks about playing football last week.
4. She stood outside the station, looking in all (direct), but no one came to meet her.
5. — Look at the man in a brown uniform. What does he do?
— He's an (office). He's my uncle.
6. (本土文化)The students were very (excite) when they got to Santai Mountain Forest Park.
7. [2025 常州模拟]— How much should I pay?
— 18 yuan in all, (include) the pen you picked out just now.
8. — The storm last night destroyed many houses. How did people feel?
— They were (terrible) scared.
9. — What's the weather like here in summer?
— It often rains (heavy) with strong wind.
10. [2025 南京模拟改编]After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the (home) people.

1. burned/burnt 2. was cooking 3. coaches
4. directions 5. officer 6. excited 7. including
8. terribly 9. heavily 10. homeless

【分析】本题为英语词形填空题，主要考查动词时态、名词复数、词性转换等知识点。解题时需先分析句子的时态语境确定动词形式；再根据句子成分（如主语、修饰对象等）判断所需词性，进而转换单词形式。例如：第1题需结合while引导的过去进行时从句，确定主句用一般过去时；第6题主语为人，需用-ed结尾的形容词表感受；第7题需用介词形式的including作补充说明。
【解析】1. 由while引导的时间状语从句为过去进行时，主句动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，burn的过去式为burned或burnt，填burned/burnt；2. when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语mother为单数，故填was cooking；3. some后接可数名词复数，coach的复数形式为coaches，填coaches；4. all后接可数名词复数，direct的名词为direction，复数为directions，填directions；5. 根据问句询问职业，office对应的职业名词为officer，填officer；6. 主语为人，表“感到兴奋的”需用-ed结尾的形容词excited，填excited；7. 此处需用介词形式表示“包含”，include的介词形式为including，填including；8. 修饰形容词scared需用副词，terrible的副词为terribly，填terribly；9. 修饰动词rains需用副词，heavy的副词为heavily，填heavily；10. 根据句意“无家可归的人”，home的形容词为homeless，填homeless。
【答案】1. burned/burnt 2. was cooking 3. coaches 4. directions 5. officer 6. excited 7. including 8. terribly 9. heavily 10. homeless
【知识点】动词时态、名词复数、词性转换
【点评】本题聚焦初中英语基础词形变化与时态考点，题型常规，能有效考查学生对核心语法和词汇的掌握情况，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.4

()1. — Everyone went to the beach last Sunday Bob, because he was ill.
— Yes, and Bob, we also invited Tom and Lucy to join us.

A.except; except
B.besides; besides
C.except; besides
D.besides; except

1. C

【分析】首先明确except和besides的核心区别：except表示“除……之外（排除，不包含在内）”，besides表示“除……之外（还有，包含在内）”。第一句中Bob因生病没去海滩，属于被排除的对象，对应except；第二句中除了Bob还邀请了其他人，Bob是包含在内的，对应besides，据此分析选项。
【解析】第一空：由“because he was ill”可知Bob未去海滩，是被排除的，用except；第二空：由“we also invited Tom and Lucy”可知Bob也被邀请了，是包含在内的，用besides。因此选C选项。
【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析（except与besides）
【点评】本题考查初中英语易混介词except和besides的用法，需准确区分“排除”与“包含”的核心差异，是基础高频考点。
【难度系数】0.4