1.(2025·玄武区期中)用配方法解一元二次方程$2x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0$时,配方正确的是 (
A.$(x-1)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}$
B.$(x-1)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}$
C.$(x-2)^2=3$
D.$(x-2)^2=5$
A
)A.$(x-1)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}$
B.$(x-1)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}$
C.$(x-2)^2=3$
D.$(x-2)^2=5$
答案
A
2. 填空:(1)$2x^2 - 12x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = 2(x - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$; (2)$-m^2 + 2\sqrt{3}m - \_\_\_\_\_\_ = -(m - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(3)$3x^2 - 12x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = 3(x - 2)^2$; (4)$16x^2 + 12x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = 16(x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$.
(3)$3x^2 - 12x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = 3(x - 2)^2$; (4)$16x^2 + 12x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = 16(x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$.
答案
(1)18 3
(2)3 $\sqrt{3}$
(3)12
(4)$\dfrac{9}{4}$ $\dfrac{3}{8}$
(2)3 $\sqrt{3}$
(3)12
(4)$\dfrac{9}{4}$ $\dfrac{3}{8}$
3. 用配方法解下列方程:
(1)$2x^2 + 8x - 1 = 0$;
(2)$(x - 2)^2 = 3x(x - 2)$;
(3)$3y^2 = 6y + 5$;
(4)$2x^2 - 2 = 3x$;
(5)$3x^2 - 2x - 2 = 0$;
(6)$6x^2 - x = 12$。
(1)$2x^2 + 8x - 1 = 0$;
(2)$(x - 2)^2 = 3x(x - 2)$;
(3)$3y^2 = 6y + 5$;
(4)$2x^2 - 2 = 3x$;
(5)$3x^2 - 2x - 2 = 0$;
(6)$6x^2 - x = 12$。
答案
(1)$x_1=-2+\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2},x_2=-2-\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}$
(2)$x_1=2,x_2=-1$
(3)$y_1=\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{6}}{3},y_2=\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{6}}{3}$
(4)$x_1=2,x_2=-\dfrac{1}{2}$
(5)$x_1=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{7}}{3},x_2=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{7}}{3}$
(6)$x_1=\dfrac{3}{2},x_2=-\dfrac{4}{3}$
(2)$x_1=2,x_2=-1$
(3)$y_1=\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{6}}{3},y_2=\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{6}}{3}$
(4)$x_1=2,x_2=-\dfrac{1}{2}$
(5)$x_1=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{7}}{3},x_2=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{7}}{3}$
(6)$x_1=\dfrac{3}{2},x_2=-\dfrac{4}{3}$
4.(2025·海门区模拟)用配方法解一元二次方程$2x^2 + 4x - 5 = 0$时,将它化为$(x+a)^2 = b$的形式,则$a+b$的值为 (
A.$8$
B.$\dfrac{9}{2}$
C.$\dfrac{7}{2}$
D.$\dfrac{5}{2}$
B
)A.$8$
B.$\dfrac{9}{2}$
C.$\dfrac{7}{2}$
D.$\dfrac{5}{2}$
答案
B
5.用配方法解下列方程时,配方有错误的是 (
A.$x^2 - 2x - 99 = 0$化为$(x - 1)^2 = 100$
B.$x^2 + 8x + 9 = 0$化为$(x + 4)^2 = 25$
C.$2t^2 - 7t - 4 = 0$化为$(t - \frac{7}{4})^2 = \frac{81}{16}$
D.$3y^2 - 4y - 2 = 0$化为$(y - \frac{2}{3})^2 = \frac{10}{9}$
B
)A.$x^2 - 2x - 99 = 0$化为$(x - 1)^2 = 100$
B.$x^2 + 8x + 9 = 0$化为$(x + 4)^2 = 25$
C.$2t^2 - 7t - 4 = 0$化为$(t - \frac{7}{4})^2 = \frac{81}{16}$
D.$3y^2 - 4y - 2 = 0$化为$(y - \frac{2}{3})^2 = \frac{10}{9}$
答案
B
6. 下列用配方法解方程$\frac{1}{2}x^2 - x - 2 = 0$的四个步骤中,开始出现错误的是 ($\boldsymbol{}$)
$\frac{1}{2}x^2 - x - 2 = 0 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{①}} x^2 - 2x = 4 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{②}} x^2 - 2x + 1 = 5 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{③}} (x - 1)^2 = 5 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{④}} x = \sqrt{5} + 1$
A.①
B.②
C.③
D.④
$\frac{1}{2}x^2 - x - 2 = 0 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{①}} x^2 - 2x = 4 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{②}} x^2 - 2x + 1 = 5 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{③}} (x - 1)^2 = 5 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{④}} x = \sqrt{5} + 1$
A.①
B.②
C.③
D.④
答案
D
7. 已知等腰三角形的两边长$ a,b $满足$ 4a^2 - 4ab + 2b^2 - 8b + 16 = 0 $,则此等腰三角形的周长为(
A.8
B.10
C.12
D.8或10
B
)A.8
B.10
C.12
D.8或10
答案
B
8. 当$x=\underline{\hspace{5.5cm}}$时,代数式$5x^2 - 2x - 1$与$3x^2 + x - 2$的值相等。
答案
1或$\dfrac{1}{2}$
9. 若一元二次方程$4x^2 + 12x - 27 = 0$的两根分别为$a,b$,且$a>b$,则$3a + b$的值为________。
答案
0
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