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四、阅读理解
There are some sentences about each rainforest layer. Choose correct letters to match layers with their description (描述) and write them in the box.
A.This layer is sunny and the trees are dense (茂密的). Trees can form the cover over the lower layers. There is soft wind and lots of food for animals that can jump or fly between trees.
B.This layer is very dark and damp (潮湿的). There is little sunlight. There are a lot of brown leaves and sticks on the ground as well as millions of insects and the largest animals in the rainforests!
C.This layer is at the top so it is very sunny. Only the tallest trees are found there — some of them up to 70m high! This is a perfect place for animals that can fly, and for very light animals.
D.Less sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger and taller to reach the sunlight. The plants in this area seldom grow to 12 feet. Many animals and insects live there.
There are some sentences about each rainforest layer. Choose correct letters to match layers with their description (描述) and write them in the box.
A.This layer is sunny and the trees are dense (茂密的). Trees can form the cover over the lower layers. There is soft wind and lots of food for animals that can jump or fly between trees.
B.This layer is very dark and damp (潮湿的). There is little sunlight. There are a lot of brown leaves and sticks on the ground as well as millions of insects and the largest animals in the rainforests!
C.This layer is at the top so it is very sunny. Only the tallest trees are found there — some of them up to 70m high! This is a perfect place for animals that can fly, and for very light animals.
D.Less sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger and taller to reach the sunlight. The plants in this area seldom grow to 12 feet. Many animals and insects live there.
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B
解析
【分析】
这是一道科普类信息匹配阅读题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先明确图里四个雨林分层从高到低的位置顺序，再逐个提取每个选项描述的核心特征，和对应层级的位置特点逐一比对：首先最顶层的Emergent Layer是雨林最高处，对应描述里提到“at the top”的选项；接下来第二层Canopy Layer是林冠聚集的茂密层，对应提到树木形成下层遮蔽的选项；第三层林下灌木层光照更少，对应描述光照不足、植株低矮的选项；最底部的Forest Floor是地面层，对应描述阴暗潮湿、地面多落叶和大型动物的选项，逐一匹配就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 第一层级为Emergent Layer（露生层），是雨林的最顶端层级，仅生长高度极高的巨树，选项C明确提到“This layer is at the top so it is very sunny. Only the tallest trees are found there”，完全符合该层特征，因此匹配C。
2. 第二层级为Canopy Layer（林冠层），是雨林绝大多数乔木树冠聚集的层级，树木茂密形成覆盖下方的遮蔽层，选项A提到“the trees are dense. Trees can form the cover over the lower layers... lots of food for animals that can jump or fly between trees”，和林冠层的特征完全吻合，因此匹配A。
3. 第三层级为Understory/Shrub Layer（林下灌木层），位于林冠下方，能接收到的光照远少于上层，多为低矮灌木，选项D提到“Less sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger and taller to reach the sunlight. The plants in this area seldom grow to 12 feet”，完全符合该层的特点，因此匹配D。
4. 第四层级为Forest Floor（雨林地表层），是雨林最底部的地面区域，几乎被上层完全遮挡光照，阴暗潮湿，选项B提到“This layer is very dark and damp. There is little sunlight. There are a lot of brown leaves and sticks on the ground”，和地表层特征完全一致，因此匹配B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
热带雨林分层 阅读信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读匹配题，不需要复杂的推理，只需要学生抓住每个选项里的关键特征关键词，和对应分层的位置属性逐一比对就可以快速得出答案，主要考察学生快速抓取文本核心信息、匹配对应内容的能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一道科普类信息匹配阅读题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先明确图里四个雨林分层从高到低的位置顺序，再逐个提取每个选项描述的核心特征，和对应层级的位置特点逐一比对：首先最顶层的Emergent Layer是雨林最高处，对应描述里提到“at the top”的选项；接下来第二层Canopy Layer是林冠聚集的茂密层，对应提到树木形成下层遮蔽的选项；第三层林下灌木层光照更少，对应描述光照不足、植株低矮的选项；最底部的Forest Floor是地面层，对应描述阴暗潮湿、地面多落叶和大型动物的选项，逐一匹配就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 第一层级为Emergent Layer（露生层），是雨林的最顶端层级，仅生长高度极高的巨树，选项C明确提到“This layer is at the top so it is very sunny. Only the tallest trees are found there”，完全符合该层特征，因此匹配C。
2. 第二层级为Canopy Layer（林冠层），是雨林绝大多数乔木树冠聚集的层级，树木茂密形成覆盖下方的遮蔽层，选项A提到“the trees are dense. Trees can form the cover over the lower layers... lots of food for animals that can jump or fly between trees”，和林冠层的特征完全吻合，因此匹配A。
3. 第三层级为Understory/Shrub Layer（林下灌木层），位于林冠下方，能接收到的光照远少于上层，多为低矮灌木，选项D提到“Less sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger and taller to reach the sunlight. The plants in this area seldom grow to 12 feet”，完全符合该层的特点，因此匹配D。
4. 第四层级为Forest Floor（雨林地表层），是雨林最底部的地面区域，几乎被上层完全遮挡光照，阴暗潮湿，选项B提到“This layer is very dark and damp. There is little sunlight. There are a lot of brown leaves and sticks on the ground”，和地表层特征完全一致，因此匹配B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
热带雨林分层 阅读信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读匹配题，不需要复杂的推理，只需要学生抓住每个选项里的关键特征关键词，和对应分层的位置属性逐一比对就可以快速得出答案，主要考察学生快速抓取文本核心信息、匹配对应内容的能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
