一、根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句中所缺单词，每空限填一词。
1. We should love life and stay away from anything that can cause (死亡).
2. The work on the new bridge is (进展) well and will be finished next month.
3. The two top teams will (参加比赛) head to head in the final match tomorrow.
4. Do you know how many planets(行星) there are in the (宇宙)?
5. It was too dark that night, so I could hardly (辨别出) the traffic signs on the road.
6. Jessica keeps an English (日记) almost every day so she improves her writing fast.
7. The bell rang and s after the students rushed out of the classroom.
8. Many countries think h of China's high-speed railway technology.
9. The football team celebrated their (success in a game) with their fans after the match.
10. The computer can (to do sth., such as a piece of work) millions of tasks per second.

1. death 2. progressing 3. compete
4. universe 5. recognize 6. diary 7. shortly
8. highly 9. victory 10. perform

【分析】这类题要求根据句意、中文提示、首字母或英文释义填写正确单词，解题时需先理解句子语境，再结合提示确定单词，同时注意单词的词性、形式（如时态、固定搭配等）。例如：需判断空格处的词性（名词、动词等），结合语境匹配对应词汇，还要注意时态、固定搭配等细节，确保单词形式正确。
【解析】1. 句意：我们应热爱生活，远离能导致死亡的事物。动词cause后需接名词作宾语，故填death；2. 句意：新桥工程进展顺利，将于下月完工。此处为现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”，“进展”对应动词progress，故填progressing；3. 句意：两支顶尖队伍将在明天决赛正面交锋。情态动词will后接动词原形，“参加比赛”对应动词compete；4. 句意：你知道宇宙中有多少行星吗？“宇宙”对应名词universe；5. 句意：那晚太黑，我几乎无法辨别路上的交通标志。情态动词could后接动词原形，“辨别出”对应动词recognize；6. 句意：Jessica几乎每天写英语日记，因此写作进步快。“日记”对应名词diary；7. 句意：铃响后学生很快冲出教室。结合首字母s及语境，需填表示“不久”的副词shortly；8. 句意：很多国家高度评价中国高铁技术。固定搭配think highly of表示“高度评价”，故填副词highly；9. 句意：足球队赛后与球迷庆祝比赛中的成功。英文释义“success in a game”对应名词victory（胜利）；10. 句意：电脑每秒能执行数百万任务。英文释义“to do sth., such as a piece of work”对应动词perform（执行）。
【答案】1. death 2. progressing 3. compete 4. universe 5. recognize 6. diary 7. shortly 8. highly 9. victory 10. perform
【知识点】英语单词拼写；词性转换；固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础单词拼写题，考查核心词汇的掌握及语境运用，涉及名词、动词、副词等词性，以及固定搭配和英文释义的理解，难度适中，适合巩固基础词汇。
【难度系数】0.7

二、根据句意或句子的语法要求，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The government makes great efforts to encourage young people (save) food.
2. The excited (dance) were standing in a circle around the fire.
3. It is certain that China will continue (develop) and improve people's lives.
4. Enjoying an old book in the sun, we taste the quiet pleasure of time passing (slow).
5. We should stop people cutting down trees, or the environment will become (bad).
6. My grandfather's (hear) is not as good as before, so please speak loudly to him.
7. I (complete) agree with your opinion. It's good for our project.
8. It's necessary for them to use (science) methods to solve the difficult problem.
9. Shi Guangyin was presented with the July 1 Medal because of his great (achieve) in the field of desertification control.
10. — I really want to go to college for (far) study.
— Believe in yourself. If you work hard, your dream will come true.

1. to save 2. dancers 3. to develop 4. slowly
5. worse 6. hearing 7. completely
8. scientific 9. achievements 10. further

【分析】
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题，解题思路是先分析每个句子的语法结构，确定空格处所需的词性、句子成分，再结合括号内单词的变形规则（如固定搭配、词性转换、比较级变化等）完成填空。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配encourage sb to do sth（鼓励某人做某事），故填to save；
2. 句子缺主语，指人且be动词为were，需用dancer的复数形式，故填dancers；
3. 固定搭配continue to do sth（继续做某事），故填to develop；
4. 修饰动词passing需用副词，slow的副词形式为slowly，故填slowly；
5. 句意表“环境会变得更差”，需用bad的比较级worse，故填worse；
6. 名词所有格grandfather's后接名词，hear的名词形式为hearing，故填hearing；
7. 修饰动词agree需用副词，complete的副词形式为completely，故填completely；
8. 修饰名词methods需用形容词，science的形容词形式为scientific，故填scientific；
9. great后接名词，achieve的名词形式为achievement，此处表复数概念，故填achievements；
10. 固定短语further study（深造），故填further。
【答案】
1. to save 2. dancers 3. to develop 4. slowly 5. worse 6. hearing 7. completely 8. scientific 9. achievements 10. further
【知识点】
动词固定搭配、词性转换、形容词比较级
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的适当形式运用，涵盖固定搭配、词性转换、比较级等核心知识点，侧重基础语法和词汇变形的掌握，是初中英语的常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

()1. — Let's help Jack. He is in bad .
— Good idea. Let's raise some money for him.

A.competition
B.station
C.condition
D.protection

1.C

【分析】首先通读对话理解语境：一方提议帮助Jack，另一方提出为他筹钱，说明Jack处于不好的状态。需要辨析四个选项的名词含义，结合固定搭配选出正确答案。
【解析】由对话中“raise some money for him（为他筹钱）”可知，Jack处于不好的状况。逐一辨析选项：A. competition意为“比赛”，B. station意为“车站”，D. protection意为“保护”，均不符合语境；C. condition意为“状况”，“in bad condition”是固定短语，意为“状况不好”，符合语境。
【答案】C
【知识点】名词词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析及固定短语的运用，需结合对话语境理解词义，掌握常见名词的含义和常用搭配，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

()2. The famous writer's new book last month and it has become a bestseller.

A.published
B.was published
C.is published
D.publishes

2.B

【分析】这道题考查动词的时态和语态。首先根据时间状语last month确定时态，再判断主语和谓语的主被动关系，进而选出正确选项。
【解析】1. 时间状语last month（上个月）表明句子时态为一般过去时，可排除一般现在时的C、D选项；2. 主语the famous writer's new book（这位著名作家的新书）与谓语动词publish（出版）是被动关系，即“书被出版”，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，故用was published，因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态
【点评】本题是英语语法中时态与语态结合的基础题型，需掌握一般过去时的时间标志和被动语态的基本用法，属于常考基础题。
【难度系数】0.7

()3. — Don't ever lose heart happens, honey.
— Thank you, Mum. I will keep working hard.

A.however
B.whenever
C.whatever
D.whoever

3.C

【分析】本题考查让步状语从句引导词的用法辨析。首先理解句子语境：妈妈鼓励孩子“无论发生什么都不要失去信心”，需要选择表示“无论什么”的引导词。接着逐一分析选项的含义和用法，排除不符合语境的选项，最终确定正确答案。
【解析】首先分析句子语境，第一句表达“无论发生什么都不要失去信心”，需选表“无论什么”的引导词。A选项however引导让步状语从句时，后需接形容词或副词，结构为“however + adj./adv. + 主语+谓语”，不符合此处结构；B选项whenever意为“无论何时”，表时间，与语境不符；C选项whatever意为“无论什么”，可引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语，“whatever happens”表示“无论发生什么”，符合句意；D选项whoever意为“无论谁”，指代人，不符合语境。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】让步状语从句引导词辨析
【点评】本题为英语基础题型，考查让步状语从句中连接词的用法，需准确掌握各连接词的含义及适用语境，结合句子逻辑即可作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6