1. When I got to school, the class for ten minutes.

A.has begun
B.had begun
C.had been on
D.has been on

1. C

【分析】首先判断时态：从句“got to school”是一般过去时，“上课开始”发生在“到达学校”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，排除现在完成时的A、D；再考虑动词形式：“begin”是短暂性动词，不能与“for ten minutes”这类时间段连用，需转换为延续性表达“be on”，据此确定答案。
【解析】1. 时态分析：“got to school”为一般过去时，“上课开始”的动作发生在该过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，因此要用过去完成时，故排除A、D（均为现在完成时）。2. 动词辨析：短暂性动词（如begin）不能和“for+时间段”连用，需转换为对应的延续性表达“be on”，因此正确形式为“had been on”。综上，答案选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】过去完成时、延续性动词
【点评】本题考查过去完成时的时态用法及短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换，需准确判断动作先后顺序，掌握短暂性动词的转换规则。
【难度系数】0.5

2. My mother dinner when I got home yesterday.

A.cooks
B.cooked
C.was cooking
D.is cooking

2. C

【分析】这道题考查英语时态的运用，解题思路：1. 先确定时间背景，句中yesterday（昨天）表明动作发生在过去；2. 分析when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时（got home），表示“我昨天到家”这个过去动作的时间点，主句需描述该时间点正在进行的动作，因此需用过去进行时；3. 过去进行时结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”，主语my mother是第三人称单数，be动词用was，cook的现在分词是cooking，对应选项C。
【解析】句中时间状语yesterday提示动作发生在过去，when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（got home），表示“到家”这个过去动作发生的时间点，主句需描述该时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。过去进行时结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语my mother是第三人称单数，be动词用was，cook的现在分词是cooking，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】过去进行时，一般过去时
【点评】本题为初中英语时态基础考点，考查when引导的时间状语从句中主从句的时态搭配，需掌握过去进行时的基本结构，难度适中，属于学生应掌握的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.6

3. He his homework yet, so he can’t watch TV.

A.doesn’t finish
B.hasn’t finished
C.won’t finish
D.didn’t finish

3. B

【分析】
这道题考查英语时态的运用，首先找到句中的关键标志词“yet”，它是现在完成时的典型标志，常用于否定句中表示“尚未”。再结合后半句“so he can’t watch TV”的语境，可知前半句要表达“到现在还没完成作业”，说明动作从过去持续到现在仍未完成，需用现在完成时，据此分析选项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 确定时态标志：句中“yet”是现在完成时的否定句标志，意为“尚未”，提示需用现在完成时。
2. 分析语境逻辑：后半句“他不能看电视”的原因是“还没完成作业”，说明“没完成作业”这个动作到目前为止仍未发生，符合现在完成时的用法。
3. 匹配选项：现在完成时的否定结构为“hasn’t + 动词过去分词”，主语He是第三人称单数，finish的过去分词是finished，因此应选hasn’t finished，对应选项B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
现在完成时；动词时态
【点评】
本题考查现在完成时的基础用法，核心是识别时间标志词“yet”并结合语境判断时态，属于英语时态的常规考点，难度适中，适合基础阶段练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

4. —Why were you late?
—Because my bike on the way.

A.went wrong
B.goes wrong
C.has gone wrong
D.had gone wrong

4. A

【分析】
本题考查动词时态的运用。首先根据问句“Why were you late?”（一般过去时）判断答句需对应过去发生的情况，再结合各选项时态及语境排除错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
问句使用一般过去时（were）询问过去迟到的原因，答句需描述过去发生的事实，因此用一般过去时。
选项A：went wrong是一般过去时，符合语境；
选项B：goes wrong是一般现在时，与过去语境不符；
选项C：has gone wrong是现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，本题无此需求；
选项D：had gone wrong是过去完成时，需存在“过去的过去”的动作，本题无对应语境。
综上，选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时；动词短语
【点评】本题考查一般过去时的基础用法，需结合语境判断时态，属于常规基础题。
【难度系数】0.7

5. By the time I arrived at the cinema, the movie for five minutes.

A.has started
B.had started
C.has been on
D.had been on

5. D

【分析】首先，根据时间状语by the time（到……时候为止），从句用了一般过去时（arrived），说明主句动作发生在“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，因此排除现在完成时的A、C选项；其次，时间状语for five minutes是表示一段时间的短语，要求谓语动词是延续性动词，而start是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性的be on，因此排除B选项，最终选D。
【解析】1. 时态判断：by the time引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前（即“过去的过去”），故主句需用过去完成时（结构为had+过去分词），A、C为现在完成时，不符合要求，排除；2. 动词形式判断：for five minutes是时间段，需搭配延续性动词，start是短暂性动词，be on是延续性动词短语，符合要求，因此选had been on，对应选项D。
【答案】D
【知识点】过去完成时、延续性动词与短暂性动词
【点评】本题综合考查过去完成时的用法及短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换，是初中英语时态模块的高频考点，需准确掌握by the time的时态搭配规则和动词的延续性用法。
【难度系数】0.5

六、配对阅读。
1 Tom wants to learn how to use an emergency kit in bad weather.
A. Weather Diary Workshop: Learn to record daily weather and use simple observation tools.
Time:10:00 a. m. , Saturday.
2 Lucy is interested in keeping a weather diary and learning weather observation.
3 Lily wants to learn basic first-aid skills for disaster situations.
4 Jack wants to join a group to discuss climate change and green living.
5 Amy wants to share her story of surviving a small flood with others.
B. Emergency Kit Training: Practice using items like flashlights and bandages in emergency situations.
Time:2:00 p. m. , Thursday.
C. First-Aid for Disasters: Learn how to help injured people during floods or earthquakes.
Time:3:00 p. m. , Sunday.
D. Climate Change Forum: Talk about how climate change affects our weather and ways to live green.
Time:7:00 p. m. , Friday.
E. Disaster Story Sharing Session: Share your experiences with natural disasters and learn from others.
Time:4:00 p. m. , Wednesday.
F. Wildfire Prevention Lecture: Learn how to prevent wildfires and stay safe when they happen.
Time:5:00 p. m. , Monday.
G. Typhoon Drill: Practice evacuating from your home when a typhoon warning is issued.
Time:1:00 p. m. , Tuesday.
02能力提升

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. E

【分析】
本题为英语配对阅读题，解题思路是先提取每个题干中人物的核心需求关键词，再对应查找选项中活动的核心内容，找到完全匹配的选项即可。具体需抓住每个题干的关键信息，如Tom对应“应急包使用”、Lucy对应“天气日记与观测”等，再匹配选项的核心活动内容。
【解析】
1. 题干1中Tom的需求是“learn how to use an emergency kit in bad weather”，选项B的“Emergency Kit Training: Practice using items like flashlights and bandages in emergency situations”完全匹配，故1选B；
2. 题干2中Lucy的需求是“keeping a weather diary and learning weather observation”，选项A的“Weather Diary Workshop: Learn to record daily weather and use simple observation tools”匹配，故2选A；
3. 题干3中Lily的需求是“basic first-aid skills for disaster situations”，选项C的“First-Aid for Disasters: Learn how to help injured people during floods or earthquakes”匹配，故3选C；
4. 题干4中Jack的需求是“discuss climate change and green living”，选项D的“Climate Change Forum: Talk about how climate change affects our weather and ways to live green”匹配，故4选D；
5. 题干5中Amy的需求是“share her story of surviving a small flood”，选项E的“Disaster Story Sharing Session: Share your experiences with natural disasters and learn from others”匹配，故5选E。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.E
【知识点】
信息匹配、英语阅读理解
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读中的信息匹配能力，要求学生快速提取题干和选项的核心关键词，难度适中，是常见的英语题型，能有效考查学生的信息筛选与匹配能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

When nature shows its angry temper,
natural disasters like earthquakes can happen.
An earthquake is a sudden shake of the
Earth's surface. It can cause buildings to fall,
roads to break, and even tsunamis in coastal areas.
What happens during an earthquake? At first, you may feel the ground shake slightly. Then the shake becomes stronger. Objects on tables may fall down, and lights may flicker or go out. If you're indoors, the safest place is under a strong table or desk. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture, as they may fall and hurt you. If you're outdoors, run to an open area—stay away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
How can we prepare for earthquakes? First, keep an emergency kit at home. It should include food, water, a flashlight, batteries, and a first-aid kit. Second, learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity in your house. Third, practice earthquake drills with your family so everyone knows what to do when it happens.
Remember, earthquakes are scary, but being prepared can help you stay safe when nature shows its fierce temper.
1. What is an earthquake according to the passage?
A. A sudden rainstorm.
B. A sudden shake of the Earth's surface.
C. A strong wind.
D. A heavy snowfall.
2. What may happen during an earthquake?
A. Flowers grow fast.
B. Lights may go out.
C. The sun becomes bright.
D. People have a picnic.
3. Where is the safest place if you're indoors during an earthquake?
A. Near the window.
B. Under a strong table.
C. Next to heavy furniture.
D. On the balcony.
4. What should be in an emergency kit?
A. A TV.
B. A computer.
C. A flashlight.
D. A sofa.
5. Why should we practice earthquake drills?
A. To know what to do during an earthquake.
B. To play games with family.
C. To clean the house.
D. To buy food.

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解细节题，需根据每道题的题干定位原文对应信息，逐一匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第一段“An earthquake is a sudden shake of the Earth's surface.”，可知地震的定义对应选项B。
2. 第2题：定位原文第二段“Objects on tables may fall down, and lights may flicker or go out.”，可知地震时灯可能熄灭，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：定位原文第二段“If you're indoors, the safest place is under a strong table or desk.”，可知室内最安全的地方是坚固桌子下，对应选项B。
4. 第4题：定位原文第三段“It should include food, water, a flashlight, batteries, and a first-aid kit.”，可知应急包包含手电筒，对应选项C。
5. 第5题：定位原文第三段“Third, practice earthquake drills with your family so everyone knows what to do when it happens.”，可知练习演练是为了知道地震时该做什么，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题
【点评】
本题是关于地震的科普类阅读，题目均为基础细节题，只要能准确定位原文对应内容即可解题，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.2