一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的
正确形式(每空一词)
1. I (推断) that he has already known the truth from his friends.
2. The invention of the (轮子) was one of the greatest successes in the early human history.
3. You can use fresh or (冻硬) fish.
4. The ice will (融化) quickly if you put it in hot water.
5. (旅游业) plays an important role in the development of this old town.
6. The more you practise, the more experience you will (获得).

1. suppose 2. wheel 3. frozen 4. melt 5. Tourism 6. gain

【分析】本题要求根据汉语提示填写正确的英语单词，需结合句子语境和语法结构确定单词的正确形式：先明确每个汉语对应的英语单词，再根据句子成分（如主语、定语、谓语等）判断词性，注意句首单词首字母大写等细节，确保单词形式符合语法要求。
【解析】1. 句意：我从他朋友那里推断他已经知道真相了。“推断”对应单词suppose，主语为I，用原形即可。2. 句意：轮子的发明是早期人类历史上最伟大的成功之一。“轮子”对应单词wheel，此处指一类事物，用单数形式。3. 句意：你可以用新鲜的或者冻硬的鱼。“冻硬的”修饰名词fish，需用形容词frozen。4. 句意：如果你把冰放在热水里，它会很快融化。“融化”对应单词melt，will后接动词原形。5. 句意：旅游业在这个老城镇的发展中起重要作用。“旅游业”对应单词Tourism，位于句首，首字母大写。6. 句意：你练习得越多，获得的经验就越多。“获得”对应单词gain，will后接动词原形。
【答案】1. suppose 2. wheel 3. frozen 4. melt 5. Tourism 6. gain
【知识点】英语单词拼写、词性运用、名词单复数
【点评】本题考查基础英语单词的拼写及在句子中的正确运用，属于基础题型，重点考察学生对常见单词词义和词性的掌握，需注意句首单词大写等细节，整体难度较低。
【难度系数】0.3

二、单句语法填空
1. We can keep in touch with each other the internet.
2. You aren't (suppose) to make too much noise in the library.
3. He told such interesting story that everyone laughed.
4. It is (believe) that health is the most important thing in life.
5. Many old and beautiful buildings can be seen in (east) Europe.
6. The top of the mountain is about 2,000 metres sea level.
7. The box is too heavy for the little girl (carry).
8. The railway has increased (tour) and economic development in the area.

1. through 2. supposed 3. an 4. believed 5. Eastern 6. above 7. to carry 8. tourism

【分析】
本题为单句语法填空题，需结合句子结构、固定搭配、词性变化、冠词/介词用法等语法知识逐一分析：1. 空格处需填介词表“通过（媒介）”；2. 考查固定搭配be supposed to；3. 考查such...that结构中冠词的使用；4. 考查固定句型It is believed that；5. 需用形容词修饰名词，进行词性转换；6. 空格处需填介词表“在……上方”；7. 考查too...to结构；8. 需用名词作宾语，进行词性转换。
【解析】
1. 句意：我们可以通过网络互相保持联系。此处表示“通过（媒介）”，用介词through，故填through。
2. 固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填supposed。
3. such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数为固定结构，interesting以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。
4. 固定句型It is believed that... 意为“人们相信……”，it作形式主语，真正主语为that从句，故填believed。
5. 空格处修饰名词Europe，需用形容词，east的形容词形式为Eastern，故填Eastern。
6. 句意：山顶大约在海平面以上2000米。表示“在……上方（非垂直）”用介词above，故填above。
7. too+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 为固定结构，意为“对某人来说太……而不能做某事”，故填to carry。
8. 空格处作动词increased的宾语，需用名词，tour对应的名词tourism（旅游业）符合句意，故填tourism。
【答案】
1. through 2. supposed 3. an 4. believed 5. Eastern 6. above 7. to carry 8. tourism
【知识点】
固定搭配、词性转换、介词与冠词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础英语语法知识，涵盖固定搭配、词性转换、冠词、介词、固定句型等核心考点，是英语学习的基础内容，需学生熟练掌握相关规则，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、主动句改被动句
1. People use robots in many factories today.
Robots by people in many factories today.
2. We plant many young trees every spring.
Many young trees by us every spring.
3. They built this museum ten years ago.
This museum by them ten years ago.
4. My sister wrote this story last week.
This story by my sister last week.
5. All the students clean the classroom every day.
The classroom by all the students every day.

1. are used 2. are planted 3. was built 4. was written 5. is cleaned

【分析】主动句改被动句的解题思路：首先确定主动句的时态，将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；再根据被动句的主语单复数和时态，确定be动词的正确形式；最后把主动句的谓语动词转换为过去分词，构成“be+过去分词”的被动结构，保持原句时态不变。
【解析】1. 原句是一般现在时，主语robots为复数，be动词用are，动词use的过去分词是used，故填are used；2. 原句是一般现在时，主语trees为复数，be动词用are，动词plant的过去分词是planted，故填are planted；3. 原句是一般过去时，主语museum为单数，be动词用was，动词build的过去分词是built，故填was built；4. 原句是一般过去时，主语story为单数，be动词用was，动词write的过去分词是written，故填was written；5. 原句是一般现在时，主语classroom为单数，be动词用is，动词clean的过去分词是cleaned，故填is cleaned。
【答案】1. are used 2. are planted 3. was built 4. was written 5. is cleaned
【知识点】一般现在时被动语态，一般过去时被动语态，主动被动转换
【点评】本题为英语基础语法题，考查主动句转换为被动句的核心规则，需掌握不同时态下被动语态的be动词变化及动词过去分词的正确形式，是初中英语语法的重点内容，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8