四、阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
because change it invention problem
with popular early comfortable use
There is a small tool we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth 1. . Can you guess what it is? Yes, it's the toothbrush. But do you
know anything about 2. history?
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people cleaned their teeth 3. some small tree branches. About 1,000 years ago, during the Tang Dynasty, people in China made a kind of toothbrush by 4. pig hair and bamboo. It was said to be the 5. toothbrush in the world.
As time went by, the design of toothbrushes has 6. . For example, people preferred materials like horse hair instead of pig hair, 7. pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to hundreds of years ago and brush your teeth 8. . It sounds fantastic, doesn't it?
In the 17th century, toothbrushes from China were brought to Europe. It gradually became 9. among the local people. The 10. of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper making, but it was very useful in daily life.
Thanks to the ancient Chinese, we have formed the good habit of brushing teeth today.

1. problems
2. its
3. with
4. using
5. earliest
6. changed
7. because
8. comfortably
9. popular
10. invention

【分析】
本题为英语短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，理解短文大意，把握语境逻辑；2. 明确方框内单词的词义、词性；3. 结合每个空格的语法结构（如名词单复数、形容词最高级、介词搭配、时态等）和语义，选择合适的单词并转换为正确形式；4. 最后验证所填内容是否符合语境与语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：没有它，我们可能会有牙齿问题。tooth后需名词，方框中problem用复数表泛指，故填problems；
2. 句意：你知道它的历史吗？修饰名词history需形容词性物主代词，方框中it变为its，故填its；
3. 句意：古代中国人用小树枝清洁牙齿。表示“用工具”用介词with，故填with；
4. 句意：用猪毛和竹子制作牙刷。by为介词，后接动词ing形式，方框中use变为using，故填using；
5. 句意：它是世界上最早的牙刷。前有定冠词the，需形容词最高级，方框中early变为earliest，故填earliest；
6. 句意：牙刷的设计已改变。现在完成时结构为has+过去分词，方框中change变为changed，故填changed；
7. 句意：人们更喜欢马毛而非猪毛，因为猪毛太硬。前后为因果关系，用连词because，故填because；
8. 句意：想象几百年前你舒适地刷牙。修饰动词brush需副词，方框中comfortable变为comfortably，故填comfortably；
9. 句意：它逐渐在当地人中流行。become后接形容词，方框中popular直接使用，故填popular；
10. 句意：牙刷的发明不如造纸术有名。前有定冠词the，需名词，方框中invention直接使用，故填invention。
【答案】
1. problems 2. its 3. with 4. using 5. earliest 6. changed 7. because 8. comfortably 9. popular 10. invention
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、短文填空、词性转换
【点评】
本题侧重考查学生对英语词汇的掌握、语境理解及词性变化的运用能力，是初中英语基础题型，需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则解题。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、在人类历史的浩瀚长河中，许多伟大的发明深刻改变了世界。同学们，你们知道哪些改变时代的发明？请根据下面表格中的提示信息，选取你比较感兴趣的几项发明，然后查阅相关资料，完成表格内容。

| What is the name of the invention? | Who invented it? | When was it invented? | How did it change the world? |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| The telephone | Alexander Graham Bell | In 1876 | It made real-time long-distance voice communication come true, greatly narrowed the sense of distance between people in different regions, and promoted the rapid development of global communication. |
| The modern car | Karl Benz | In 1886 | It revolutionized people's travel modes, greatly improved travel and logistics efficiency, and laid an important foundation for the formation of modern urban traffic patterns. |
| The Internet | A team of American computer scientists | In the 1960s | It linked the whole world closely, pushed human society into the digital information era, and completely changed people's ways of working, studying, getting information and entertaining. |

【分析】本题要求选取改变世界的伟大发明，填写其名称、发明者、发明时间及对世界的改变，需结合常见重要发明的准确资料，确保信息对应准确，选取典型且有代表性的发明完成表格。
【解析】根据题目要求，选取三项具有划时代意义的发明，整理对应信息如下：
1. 电话：发明者为亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，1876年发明，它实现了实时长途语音通信，缩短了不同地区人们的距离感，推动了全球通信的快速发展；
2. 现代汽车：发明者为卡尔·本茨，1886年发明，它革新了人们的出行方式，大幅提升了出行和物流效率，为现代城市交通格局的形成奠定了重要基础；
3. 互联网：发明者为美国计算机科学家团队，20世纪60年代发明，它将全世界紧密连接，推动人类社会进入数字信息时代，彻底改变了人们工作、学习、获取信息和娱乐的方式。
【答案】
| What is the name of the invention? | Who invented it? | When was it invented? | How did it change the world? |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| The telephone | Alexander Graham Bell | In 1876 | It made real-time long-distance voice communication come true, greatly narrowed the sense of distance between people in different regions, and promoted the rapid development of global communication. |
| The modern car | Karl Benz | In 1886 | It revolutionized people's travel modes, greatly improved travel and logistics efficiency, and laid an important foundation for the formation of modern urban traffic patterns. |
| The Internet | A team of American computer scientists | In the 1960s | It linked the whole world closely, pushed human society into the digital information era, and completely changed people's ways of working, studying, getting information and entertaining. |
【知识点】重要发明信息、科技对世界的影响
【点评】本题通过填写发明相关表格，考查学生对人类历史上关键发明的了解，培养学生查阅资料、整理信息的能力，帮助学生认识科技进步对世界发展的推动作用。
【难度系数】0.3