一、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。
printer produce file invent plastic
1. Many new energy cars in the 2010s, and they greatly changed people's daily travelling around the world.
2. Digital have changed office work, and they are usually stored on modern computers.
3. We should use less products in order to protect the environment.
4. have changed a lot, from old, heavy machines to modern, computer-connected ones.
5. I think the most useful of all time is the internet.

1. were produced
2. files
3. plastic
4. Printers
5. invention

【分析】
首先明确方框内词汇：printer（打印机，名词）、produce（生产，动词）、file（文件，名词）、invent（发明，动词）、plastic（塑料，名词/形容词）。解题时需结合每个句子的时态、语态、词性及语境，对词汇进行适当变形：
1. 第1题主语是new energy cars，与produce是被动关系，时间状语in the 2010s表过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态；
2. 第2题谓语是have changed（复数谓语），digital后接名词，需用复数形式的名词；
3. 第3题plastic可作定语修饰名词products，构成固定搭配；
4. 第4题谓语是have changed，主语需为复数名词，且句首单词首字母大写；
5. 第5题形容词useful后需接名词，需将动词invent转换为名词形式。
【解析】
1. 句子主语many new energy cars是动作produce的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语in the 2010s表示过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，因此填were produced；
2. 由谓语have changed可知主语为复数，digital files意为“数字文件”，符合“存储在电脑上”的语境，故填files；
3. plastic在此作定语修饰名词products，构成固定搭配plastic products（塑料制品），符合“保护环境”的语境，故填plastic；
4. 谓语have changed要求主语为复数名词，printer的复数形式为Printers，且句首单词首字母大写，故填Printers；
5. 形容词most useful后需接名词，invent的名词形式为invention，意为“发明物”，符合“最有用的发明”的语境，故填invention。
【答案】
1. were produced
2. files
3. plastic
4. Printers
5. invention
【知识点】
一般过去时的被动语态；名词的单复数；词性转换
【点评】
本题为英语基础词汇运用题，考查学生对词汇变形、时态语态及语境搭配的掌握，需结合句子结构和语义选择合适的词并调整形式，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。
as well around the world have a big effect on
in seconds for the first time
1. Modern smartphones can send messages and photos , and they make communication faster.
2. GPS technology is used today for cars, phones, and even scientific research.
3. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell spoke to his assistant through a wire , and that was the birth of the telephone.
4. The bicycle is a green invention because it causes no pollution, and it is good for our health .
5. Since QR codes were created, they business and daily life.

1. in seconds
2. around the world
3. for the first time
4. as well
5. have had a big effect on

【分析】
首先明确方框内各短语的含义：as well（也，同样）、around the world（全世界）、have a big effect on（对……有很大影响）、in seconds（在几秒钟内，很快）、for the first time（第一次）。解题时需结合句子语境选择合适短语，同时注意动词短语的形式变化（如时态）：
1. 句子强调智能手机发送内容的速度快，对应in seconds；
2. 句子说明GPS技术的应用范围广，对应around the world；
3. 句子描述贝尔首次通话的场景，对应for the first time；
4. 句子补充自行车的另一优点，对应as well；
5. 句中since引导时间状语，主句需用现在完成时，对应have a big effect on并调整形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：现代智能手机能在几秒钟内发送消息和照片，让交流更快。结合语境选in seconds，无需变形，故填in seconds；
2. 句意：如今GPS技术被全世界用于汽车、手机甚至科研。结合语境选around the world，无需变形，故填around the world；
3. 句意：1876年，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔第一次通过电线和助手说话，那是电话的诞生。结合语境选for the first time，无需变形，故填for the first time；
4. 句意：自行车是绿色发明，因为它无污染，也对我们的健康有益。结合语境选as well，无需变形，故填as well；
5. 句意：自从二维码被创造以来，它们已经对商业和日常生活有很大影响。句中since引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时，主语they为复数，故将have a big effect on变为have had a big effect on，故填have had a big effect on。
【答案】
1. in seconds
2. around the world
3. for the first time
4. as well
5. have had a big effect on
【知识点】
短语词义辨析、现在完成时
【点评】
本题考查基础短语的词义理解与运用，需结合句子语境选短语，同时注意动词短语的时态变化，整体侧重基础知识点的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
China is an old and great country in the world. There are many great inventions in China. Do you want to know some of them? Let's have a look.
The first invention is silk. 1. They used silk to make clothes, and sometimes they wrote on it. They also used it for many other purposes. Silk is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history. It helped start early trade between the East and the West. 2. It began in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province and stretched to places as far as the Roman Empire. It played a very important role in Chinese trade with other countries.
The second great invention is porcelain (瓷器). It is made from materials like clay. It was developed thousands of years ago. 3. Over time, it became more and more beautiful with its development. Gradually, people began to appreciate porcelain because of its beauty and value. There are many kinds of porcelain such as Ru Yao, Guan Yao, Ding Yao, Ge Yao and Jun Yao. Most of them reached their height in the Song Dynasty.
4. Today, people often use it for dining, making tea and so on.
There are also other great inventions in Chinese history, such as paper making and kites. 5. So every Chinese should value them.
A. Many people know about the Silk Road.
B. Chinese people started to make silk thousands of years ago.
C. These inventions are an important part of Chinese history.
D. Early porcelain looked very simple, and people mainly used it for holding things.
E. Besides these types, porcelain from Jingdezhen City was the most popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. E
5. C

【分析】本题是英语补全短文题型，解题思路为：首先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍中国古代的伟大发明（丝绸、瓷器等）及其意义；接着逐个分析空缺处的前后文语境，结合选项内容，找到逻辑衔接最紧密的选项：第1空前后围绕“丝绸”展开，需选与丝绸制作起源相关的内容；第2空前后涉及东西方贸易路线，需选与丝绸之路相关的内容；第3空前后讲瓷器的发展阶段，需选早期瓷器特点的内容；第4空前后围绕瓷器种类展开，需选补充瓷器种类的内容；第5空前后总结发明的意义，需选总结性内容。
【解析】1. 第1空：前文提到第一个发明是丝绸，后文讲人们使用丝绸的情况，B选项“中国人几千年前开始制作丝绸”承接丝绸的起源，符合语境，故选B；2. 第2空：前文说丝绸帮助开启东西方早期贸易，后文讲贸易路线从西安延伸至罗马，A选项“很多人知道丝绸之路”衔接贸易路线的内容，故选A；3. 第3空：前文讲瓷器几千年前发展，后文说后来瓷器变得更美观，D选项“早期瓷器看起来很简单，主要用来装东西”对应早期瓷器的特点，与后文发展后的变化形成对比，故选D；4. 第4空：前文介绍了汝窑、官窑等瓷器种类，E选项“除了这些种类，景德镇瓷器在明清时期最受欢迎”补充瓷器的种类，衔接上下文，故选E；5. 第5空：前文提到还有造纸术、风筝等其他伟大发明，后文说中国人应重视这些发明，C选项“这些发明是中国历史的重要部分”总结发明的意义，符合逻辑，故选C。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.E 5.C
【知识点】补全短文、语境逻辑推理
【点评】本题围绕中国古代发明展开，考查学生对英语语篇逻辑和上下文衔接的理解能力，解题时需关注话题一致性与指代关系，是常见的初中英语题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5