一、根据音标或所给的单词提示完成句子。
1. Creative minds help /ɪnˈventərz/ to make new things.
2. Thomas Edison was /ˈfeɪməs/ as a great inventor.
3. It is very /kənˈviːniənt/ for people to pay with a mobile phone when shopping.
4. I think the Chinese high-speed train is (certain) a great new invention.
5. People's life has (change) a lot with the help of new inventions.

1. inventors
2. famous
3. convenient
4. certainly
5. changed

【分析】
这是一道根据音标或所给单词提示完成句子的基础英语题，解题思路为：1. 针对音标类题目，先准确拼读音标，结合句子语境和语法结构确定合适的单词；2. 针对所给单词类题目，分析句子所需词性（如副词、动词形式等），对所给单词进行适当变形。具体到各小题：第1题根据音标结合“帮助发明者”的语境确定名词复数；第2题根据音标结合固定搭配确定单词；第3题根据音标结合常用句型确定形容词；第4题需用副词修饰be动词，对形容词变形；第5题根据现在完成时结构确定动词过去分词。
【解析】
1. 第1题：音标/ɪnˈventərz/对应单词inventor，结合语境“帮助发明者创造新事物”，需用名词复数形式，故填inventors；
2. 第2题：音标/ˈfeɪməs/是形容词famous，固定搭配be famous as表示“作为……著名”，符合句意，故填famous；
3. 第3题：音标/kənˈviːniənt/是形容词convenient，符合句型“It is + adj + for sb to do sth”（对某人来说做某事是……的），故填convenient；
4. 第4题：所给单词certain是形容词，此处需要副词修饰be动词is，故转换为副词certainly；
5. 第5题：句子为现在完成时，结构为“has + 过去分词”，change的过去分词是changed，故填changed。
【答案】
1. inventors；2. famous；3. convenient；4. certainly；5. changed
【知识点】
音标拼写、词形转换、现在完成时
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础词汇的运用，涵盖音标认读、词形变化和时态结构，是巩固英语基础的典型题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 电话的发明使人们远距离交流成为可能。
The invention of the telephone made it possible for people to communicate .
2. 世界上第一辆汽车是1886年由卡尔·本茨发明的。
The first car in the world Karl Benz in 1886.
3. 我想知道谁是电视机的发明者。
I want to know of television.
4. 爱迪生一生经历了上千次失败，但他从不放弃。
Thomas Edison experienced thousands of failures , but he never gave up.
5. 中国的航天技术世界闻名。
China's space technology is widely well-known .

1. over a distance
2. was invented by
3. who was the inventor
4. in his whole life
5. all over the world

【分析】本题为根据中文意思完成句子，需结合中文句意，运用对应的英语固定短语、语法结构（如被动语态、宾语从句）补全句子。第1题对应“远距离”的固定短语；第2题考查被动语态，汽车是被发明的，需用一般过去时的被动结构；第3题是宾语从句，询问“谁是发明者”，需用陈述语序；第4题对应“一生”的固定短语；第5题对应“世界”的固定短语。
【解析】1. 表示“远距离”的固定短语为over a distance，符合句意；2. 主语the first car是动作invent的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，故填was invented by；3. 此处为宾语从句，疑问词who引导，需用陈述语序，“发明者”是the inventor，故填who was the inventor；4. 表示“一生”的固定短语为in his whole life，符合语境；5. 表示“全世界”的固定短语为all over the world，对应“世界上”的含义。
【答案】1. over a distance；2. was invented by；3. who was the inventor；4. in his whole life；5. all over the world
【知识点】固定短语搭配、一般过去时被动语态、宾语从句
【点评】本题考查英语基础的固定短语、被动语态及宾语从句的用法，属于基础题型，主要检验学生对核心知识点的掌握情况，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

三、补全对话。
根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话意思连贯、完整。
(Teng Fei and his father are in the science history museum.)
Teng Fei: Dad, Look! 1. It looks strange.
Father: Oh, it was a thermos (热水瓶) in ancient times.
Teng Fei: A thermos? 2.
Father: It was used for holding hot water. And it could prevent the water from cooling down.
Teng Fei: That’s really interesting. 3.
Father: It was made of clay. The ancient people used the clay to shape the bottle and burnt it until it became hard.
Teng Fei: 4.
But how could it keep the water inside hot for a long time?
Father: The bottle had double layers(层). 5.
Teng Fei: Wow, how clever the ancient people were!

1. What's that?
2. What was it used for?
3. What was it made of?
4. Amazing! /Sounds interesting! Sounds great!
5. The layers were helpful to keep the water hot. /The air between the layers could stop the heat from going out.

【分析】
补全对话需结合上下文语境，根据答语内容反推问句或衔接句。第1空由父亲的回答“它是古代的热水瓶”可知，此处是询问物品；第2空由父亲回答的用途可知，此处询问物品的用途；第3空由父亲回答的材质可知，此处询问物品的制作材料；第4空承接前文“真有趣”，需填表示感叹的衔接语；第5空回答前文“怎么保温”的问题，需说明双层结构的作用。
【解析】
1. 根据父亲的答语“it was a thermos in ancient times”，可知此处询问物品，故填What's that?；
2. 根据父亲的答语“It was used for holding hot water”，可知此处询问用途，故填What was it used for?；
3. 根据父亲的答语“It was made of clay”，可知此处询问材质，故填What was it made of?；
4. 前文提到“That’s really interesting”，此处需填表示感叹的衔接语，故填Amazing!（或其他符合语境的感叹句）；
5. 根据前文“how could it keep the water inside hot for a long time”，此处解释双层结构的作用，故填The air between the layers could stop the heat from going out.
【答案】
1. What's that?
2. What was it used for?
3. What was it made of?
4. Amazing! /Sounds interesting! Sounds great!
5. The layers were helpful to keep the water hot. /The air between the layers could stop the heat from going out.
【知识点】
补全对话、日常交际用语、特殊疑问句
【点评】
本题为情景补全对话，结合科学博物馆的场景，考察学生对日常交际用语的运用能力，需根据上下文问答逻辑推导答案，难度适中，贴近生活实际，易于学生理解作答。
【难度系数】
0.6