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一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. Most
2. Many useful things for the country were
3. Before you turn on the
4. The Four Great
5. We should recycle paper and
1. Most
cameras
（照相机）today are digital, making it easy to store and share photos.2. Many useful things for the country were
produced
（生产）in the old factories.3. Before you turn on the
printer
（打印机）, check if it is connected to the computer.4. The Four Great
Inventions
（发明）of China play an important role in world history.5. We should recycle paper and
plastic
（塑料）to protect the environment.答案
1. cameras 2. produced 3. printer 4. Inventions 5. plastic
解析
【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思写单词的基础题型，需结合句子语境（如名词单复数、动词时态/语态、专有名词等）确定单词的正确形式：1. 由most及句中be动词are判断需用可数名词复数；2. 句子为被动语态，需用动词过去分词；3. 此处需名词作宾语；4. “四大发明”是专有名词，需用可数名词复数且首字母大写；5. “塑料”为不可数名词，直接用原形。
【解析】
1. most后接可数名词复数，对应“照相机”的复数形式为cameras；
2. 句子为一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were+动词过去分词”，“生产”的过去分词是produced；
3. turn on后接名词，对应“打印机”为printer；
4. “四大发明”是专有名词，invention的复数形式且首字母大写，故为Inventions；
5. “塑料”是不可数名词，直接用原形plastic。
【答案】
1. cameras 2. produced 3. printer 4. Inventions 5. plastic
【知识点】
名词的数；动词的过去分词；专有名词
【点评】
本题考察英语基础词汇的拼写及形式变化，涉及名词单复数、被动语态动词形式、专有名词用法，属于简单基础题，适合巩固词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.9
本题为根据汉语意思写单词的基础题型，需结合句子语境（如名词单复数、动词时态/语态、专有名词等）确定单词的正确形式：1. 由most及句中be动词are判断需用可数名词复数；2. 句子为被动语态，需用动词过去分词；3. 此处需名词作宾语；4. “四大发明”是专有名词，需用可数名词复数且首字母大写；5. “塑料”为不可数名词，直接用原形。
【解析】
1. most后接可数名词复数，对应“照相机”的复数形式为cameras；
2. 句子为一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were+动词过去分词”，“生产”的过去分词是produced；
3. turn on后接名词，对应“打印机”为printer；
4. “四大发明”是专有名词，invention的复数形式且首字母大写，故为Inventions；
5. “塑料”是不可数名词，直接用原形plastic。
【答案】
1. cameras 2. produced 3. printer 4. Inventions 5. plastic
【知识点】
名词的数；动词的过去分词；专有名词
【点评】
本题考察英语基础词汇的拼写及形式变化，涉及名词单复数、被动语态动词形式、专有名词用法，属于简单基础题，适合巩固词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.9
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. There are nine students in our school, and of them love sports. (hundred)
7. As one of the greatest (invent), he has changed our lives with his creations.
8. A plant uses the energy from sunlight to make food for (it).
9. Eating too much sugar (connect) with dental problems.
10. In our daily life, great have taken place, and people's lives a lot. (change)
6. There are nine students in our school, and of them love sports. (hundred)
7. As one of the greatest (invent), he has changed our lives with his creations.
8. A plant uses the energy from sunlight to make food for (it).
9. Eating too much sugar (connect) with dental problems.
10. In our daily life, great have taken place, and people's lives a lot. (change)
答案
6. hundred; hundreds 7. inventors 8. itself 9. is connected 10. changes; have changed
解析
【分析】本题为用所给单词的适当形式填空题，主要考查数词、名词、代词、动词的相关语法知识。解题时需结合句子语境、固定搭配及语法规则，判断单词的正确形式：第6题考查hundred的用法；第7题考查“one of + 可数名词复数”结构；第8题考查反身代词用法；第9题考查被动语态；第10题考查名词复数和现在完成时。
【解析】
6. 当hundred前有具体数字修饰时，hundred用单数形式；表不确定数量“成百上千”时，用固定搭配hundreds of，故填hundred；hundreds。
7. “one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，invent对应的表示人的名词是inventor，复数形式为inventors，故填inventors。
8. 此处表示主语（a plant）为自身制造食物，需用反身代词，it的反身代词是itself，故填itself。
9. 动名词短语“Eating too much sugar”作主语，谓语动词用单数；且sugar与connect是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，故填is connected。
10. 第一空，形容词great后接名词，change的名词复数为changes；第二空，主语“people's lives”为复数，结合语境用现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，故填changes；have changed。
【答案】6. hundred; hundreds 7. inventors 8. itself 9. is connected 10. changes; have changed
【知识点】数词的用法、名词的适当形式、被动语态
【点评】本题围绕初中英语基础语法展开，涵盖数词、名词、代词、动词的核心考点，需学生掌握固定搭配和基本语法规则，是典型的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
6. 当hundred前有具体数字修饰时，hundred用单数形式；表不确定数量“成百上千”时，用固定搭配hundreds of，故填hundred；hundreds。
7. “one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，invent对应的表示人的名词是inventor，复数形式为inventors，故填inventors。
8. 此处表示主语（a plant）为自身制造食物，需用反身代词，it的反身代词是itself，故填itself。
9. 动名词短语“Eating too much sugar”作主语，谓语动词用单数；且sugar与connect是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，故填is connected。
10. 第一空，形容词great后接名词，change的名词复数为changes；第二空，主语“people's lives”为复数，结合语境用现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，故填changes；have changed。
【答案】6. hundred; hundreds 7. inventors 8. itself 9. is connected 10. changes; have changed
【知识点】数词的用法、名词的适当形式、被动语态
【点评】本题围绕初中英语基础语法展开，涵盖数词、名词、代词、动词的核心考点，需学生掌握固定搭配和基本语法规则，是典型的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.6
三、阅读理解。
①There are lots of ideas online about ways to keep your car cool in summer when you're parking it. No one likes getting into a hot car after a long day. Some people always park their vehicles under the shade of a tree, put up sun shades on the windscreen, cover the seats with beach towels or even put a car cover over the whole vehicle.
②But Nissan has a new idea, and the best part is, once you have it, you don't need to do anything. The Japanese car maker has been testing a kind of special "cool paint" that could make a car's roof cooler by about $12°\mathrm{C}$. It could also make the inside of the car $5°\mathrm{C}$ cooler.
③A cooler car is more comfortable to get into, of course, but it's also cheaper to run if you don't need to use the air conditioning. Nissan said its paint reflects sunlight better than regular paint and also creates electromagnetic（电磁的）waves that block the sun's rays, taking energy away from the car.
④The paint was developed with a Chinese company called Radi-Cool, which works with other Japanese businesses to make sun hats and parasols that make people feel cooler. A parasol is a light umbrella used as protection from the sunshine.
⑤One possible problem with Nissan's paint is that it's six times thicker than regular paint. The company's researchers are working on making it thinner, so it can be used more easily on as many vehicles as possible. For now, the cool paint is still in the test phase, but Susumu Miura from Nissan said his dream is to create cooler cars without consuming energy.
⑥Toyota has also been trying out a kind of cooling paint, but it has focused on using colours that refract the sun's rays to make them change direction.
(
A. By asking a question.
B. By listing ways.
C. By comparing facts.
D. By telling a story.
(
A. Nissan's cool paint can cool the car by reflecting sunlight and taking energy away.
B. Toyota's cooling paint is more effective than Nissan's.
C. Radi-Cool developed Nissan's cool paint all by itself.
D. Nissan's cool paint is now ready for mass production.
(
(
①There are lots of ideas online about ways to keep your car cool in summer when you're parking it. No one likes getting into a hot car after a long day. Some people always park their vehicles under the shade of a tree, put up sun shades on the windscreen, cover the seats with beach towels or even put a car cover over the whole vehicle.
②But Nissan has a new idea, and the best part is, once you have it, you don't need to do anything. The Japanese car maker has been testing a kind of special "cool paint" that could make a car's roof cooler by about $12°\mathrm{C}$. It could also make the inside of the car $5°\mathrm{C}$ cooler.
③A cooler car is more comfortable to get into, of course, but it's also cheaper to run if you don't need to use the air conditioning. Nissan said its paint reflects sunlight better than regular paint and also creates electromagnetic（电磁的）waves that block the sun's rays, taking energy away from the car.
④The paint was developed with a Chinese company called Radi-Cool, which works with other Japanese businesses to make sun hats and parasols that make people feel cooler. A parasol is a light umbrella used as protection from the sunshine.
⑤One possible problem with Nissan's paint is that it's six times thicker than regular paint. The company's researchers are working on making it thinner, so it can be used more easily on as many vehicles as possible. For now, the cool paint is still in the test phase, but Susumu Miura from Nissan said his dream is to create cooler cars without consuming energy.
⑥Toyota has also been trying out a kind of cooling paint, but it has focused on using colours that refract the sun's rays to make them change direction.
(
B
) 11. How does the writer lead into the topic?A. By asking a question.
B. By listing ways.
C. By comparing facts.
D. By telling a story.
(
A
) 12. What can we learn from the passage?A. Nissan's cool paint can cool the car by reflecting sunlight and taking energy away.
B. Toyota's cooling paint is more effective than Nissan's.
C. Radi-Cool developed Nissan's cool paint all by itself.
D. Nissan's cool paint is now ready for mass production.
(
D
) 13. Which of the following shows a "parasol"?(
B
) 14. What is the RIGHT structure of the passage?答案
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B
解析
【分析】
解答这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握大意，再针对各小题：11题考查作者引入话题的方式，需定位第一段内容；12题考查细节理解，需逐一比对选项与原文表述；13题考查词义猜测，需结合原文对生词的定义判断；14题考查文章结构，需梳理各段核心内容确定结构。解题时要精准定位原文，排除与原文不符的错误选项。
【解析】
11题：定位文章第①段，作者列举了树下停车、装遮阳板、盖毛巾、罩车罩等多种给车降温的方法，以此引入话题，对应选项B。
12题：逐一分析选项：A选项对应第③段“Nissan said its paint reflects sunlight better than regular paint and also creates electromagnetic waves that block the sun's rays, taking energy away from the car”，表述正确；B选项原文未对比Toyota与Nissan涂料的效果，错误；C选项第④段提到Nissan的漆是与Radi-Cool合作开发，并非独自完成，错误；D选项第⑤段指出该漆仍在测试阶段，未量产，错误，故选A。
13题：原文第④段明确说明“A parasol is a light umbrella used as protection from the sunshine”，即遮阳伞，对应插图D。
14题：梳理文章结构：第①段引入车降温的方法，第②-⑤段介绍Nissan的降温漆，第⑥段提及Toyota的相关尝试，对应选项B。
【答案】
11.B 12.A 13.D 14.B
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、文章结构）
【点评】
本题围绕汽车降温涂料展开，考查学生对阅读理解的细节定位、词义猜测及文章结构分析能力，题目难度适中，需学生仔细研读原文，准确匹配选项与原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.5
解答这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握大意，再针对各小题：11题考查作者引入话题的方式，需定位第一段内容；12题考查细节理解，需逐一比对选项与原文表述；13题考查词义猜测，需结合原文对生词的定义判断；14题考查文章结构，需梳理各段核心内容确定结构。解题时要精准定位原文，排除与原文不符的错误选项。
【解析】
11题：定位文章第①段，作者列举了树下停车、装遮阳板、盖毛巾、罩车罩等多种给车降温的方法，以此引入话题，对应选项B。
12题：逐一分析选项：A选项对应第③段“Nissan said its paint reflects sunlight better than regular paint and also creates electromagnetic waves that block the sun's rays, taking energy away from the car”，表述正确；B选项原文未对比Toyota与Nissan涂料的效果，错误；C选项第④段提到Nissan的漆是与Radi-Cool合作开发，并非独自完成，错误；D选项第⑤段指出该漆仍在测试阶段，未量产，错误，故选A。
13题：原文第④段明确说明“A parasol is a light umbrella used as protection from the sunshine”，即遮阳伞，对应插图D。
14题：梳理文章结构：第①段引入车降温的方法，第②-⑤段介绍Nissan的降温漆，第⑥段提及Toyota的相关尝试，对应选项B。
【答案】
11.B 12.A 13.D 14.B
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、文章结构）
【点评】
本题围绕汽车降温涂料展开，考查学生对阅读理解的细节定位、词义猜测及文章结构分析能力，题目难度适中，需学生仔细研读原文，准确匹配选项与原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.5
