2026年学习之友八年级英语下册外研版第75页答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever wondered how a tiny seed grows into a huge tree? The secret lies in a magical process called photosynthesis. This natural wonder allows plants to use energy from the sun and turn it into the fuel they need to grow tall and strong.
Photosynthesis is how plants make their own food. They use sunlight, water from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the air. Inside their leaves, they mix these things together to create sugar for energy and oxygen for us to breathe.
This process is the foundation of almost all life on Earth. It not only feeds the plants themselves but also provides food and oxygen for animals and humans. In fact, every bite of fruit, grain, or vegetable we eat depends on photosynthesis. Without it, our planet would be a very different and lifeless place.
Understanding photosynthesis shows us the clever and connected design of nature. It teaches us how even the smallest, most everyday things—like a green leaf—hold the key to life's biggest secrets. It's a perfect example of how careful observation and exploration can reveal the hidden wonders of the world.
(
B
)1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. How plants grow with the help of soil.
B. How plants make food using sunlight, water and air.
C. How leaves get their green color.
D. How animals depend on plants for survival.
(
C
)2. Which of the following is NOT needed for photosynthesis?
A. Sunlight.
B. Water.
C. Sugar.
D. Carbon dioxide.
(
B
)3. What does the underlined word "foundation" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. The bottom part of a building.
B. The most important base or part.
C. A kind of food for plants.
D. A beautiful natural design.
(
B
)4. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To tell a story about magical seeds.
B. To explain a vital natural process that supports life.
C. To encourage people to plant more trees.
D. To list different types of food we eat.

答案

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B

解析

【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题,解题时可以按照不同题型的对应方法逐一突破:
1. 第1题是段落主旨题,直接定位到第2段梳理段落核心内容,排除和段落内容不符的干扰选项即可得到答案;
2. 第2题是细节判断题,回到原文查找光合作用所需的原料,区分开过程的“输入原料”和“产出产物”,就能选出不属于必需条件的项;
3. 第3题是词义猜测题,结合划线词所在的上下文语境,排除字面含义、无关含义的选项,推断出单词在文中的抽象含义;
4. 第4题是写作目的题,通读全文把握文章介绍的核心对象,排除偏离核心主题的选项,就能确定作者的写作意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题:第二段开篇就点明“Photosynthesis is how plants make their own food. They use sunlight, water from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the air.”,核心内容就是介绍植物如何利用阳光、水和空气中的二氧化碳制造养分,对应选项B。A选项仅提到土壤,内容极度片面;C选项全文没有提及叶子变绿的相关内容;D选项的相关表述出现在第三段,不属于第二段的内容,因此选B。
2. 第2题:文中明确说明光合作用的原料是阳光、水、二氧化碳,而糖是光合作用过程生成的产物,并非光合作用开展需要的条件,因此不需要的是C选项Sugar,选C。
3. 第3题:划线词所在句的后文提到光合作用养活植物,还为动物和人类提供食物和氧气,是几乎所有地球生命赖以生存的核心依托,因此“foundation”在文中的含义是“最重要的基础/部分”,对应B选项。A是该单词在建筑领域的字面含义,不符合语境;C表述和原文内容矛盾;D和单词本身词义无关,因此选B。
4. 第4题:全文围绕光合作用这个自然过程展开,介绍它的运作方式以及对地球所有生命的重要意义,作者的写作目的就是解释这个支撑生命的极其重要的自然过程,对应B选项。A选项文中没有讲述种子的相关故事;C选项全文没有提及呼吁多种树的内容;D选项作者只是举例说明我们的食物都依赖光合作用,并没有罗列不同类型的食物,因此选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B
【知识点】
科普类阅读理解,细节信息提取,词义猜测
【点评】
本题属于难度适中的基础科普阅读题,题型覆盖了细节判断、段落主旨、词义猜测、写作目的四大高频阅读考点,所有题目都可以通过准确定位原文内容、结合上下文逻辑推导得出答案,学生解题时要注意区分文中提到的过程原料和产出物,不要被单词的字面含义误导,就能轻松选出正确选项。
【难度系数】
0.8