一、完形填空 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dear children,
How time flies! As your teacher, I'd like to talk about "behaving like a grown-up" with you before you leave school.
During our lives, we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals. 1 of us can make it on our own.
In an ideal world, we would all have thoughtful, 2 people to show us the right way in life. Imagine having a 3 who always does his best to keep you healthy. Or imagine having a boss who wants you to enjoy your job and make progress in your 4. But many of us have difficulty dealing with grown-ups who seem 5 in their changeable moods. If we have immature adults (不成熟的成年人) 6 mature adults around us, we will certainly get into real trouble.
What's more, if we are always 7 that we're right all the time, while others are wrong, then we are like those immature adults. Our own personalities could be the 8.
A mature adult is someone who makes problems better, not worse. When this type of people face a bad 9, they try to find ways to be calm and get out. They keep practicing dealing with problems 10 they become members of mature adults.
Maybe you're now too young to behave like a mature adult. When you run across a problem, try to stay calm and think more before taking actions, then you're really on the way to be a grown-up.
Yours faithfully,
Vivien
() 1. A. None B. Most C. Any D. Many
() 2. A. brave B. helpful C. beautiful D. careful
() 3. A. worker B. teacher C. policeman D. doctor
() 4. A. dream B. work C. study D. habit
() 5. A. trapped B. surprised C. bored D. afraid
() 6. A. in front of B. as well as C. instead of D. along with
() 7. A. reporting B. guessing C. thinking D. discussing
() 8. A. problem B. task C. purpose D. strength
() 9. A. place B. advice C. instruction D. situation
() 10. A. unless B. as C. until D. when

1—5: ABDBA 6—10: CCADC

【分析】
做完形填空首先要通读全文把握主旨，这篇短文是老师写给即将离校的学生的书信，核心围绕“如何像成熟的成年人一样行事”展开，传递了没有人能独自成功、遇到问题要冷静处理的道理。解题时先通过首句和首尾段明确文章主题，再逐空结合前后文的线索提示、词义辨析、逻辑关系来筛选选项，遇到不确定的空可以先跳过，结合后文内容反向推导，全部选完后再代入全文通读检查逻辑是否通顺、语义是否连贯。
【解析】
1. 根据前一句“我们的人生中需要借助他人的力量才能实现目标”，可知没有人可以独自达成目标，none表示“没有一个”，符合语境；most大多数、any任何、many许多均不符合语义，故选A。
2. 根据后文“给我们指明人生的正确方向”，可知这里描述的是体贴、乐于助人的人，helpful“有帮助的，乐于助人的”符合语境；brave勇敢的、beautiful美丽的、careful小心的均和“指路”的属性不匹配，故选B。
3. 根据后文“尽全力让你保持健康”，对应的职业是医生，doctor符合语境；worker工人、teacher老师、policeman警察的核心职责都不是保障他人健康，故选D。
4. 根据前文提到的“老板希望你享受自己的工作”，对应的是在工作中取得进步，work符合语境；dream梦想、study学习、habit习惯均不符合老板对应的场景，故选B。
5. 句意：但我们很多人很难应对那些似乎困在多变情绪里的成年人，be trapped in是固定搭配表示“陷入、被困在”，符合语境；surprised惊讶的、bored无聊的、afraid害怕的均无法和后文的changeable moods构成合理搭配，故选A。
6. 根据后文“我们肯定会陷入真正的麻烦”，可知身边存在的是不成熟的成年人而非成熟的成年人，instead of表示“而不是”，符合转折逻辑；in front of在……前面、as well as和……一样、along with连同均不符合此处逻辑，故选C。
7. 句意：如果我们总是认为自己一直是对的，而别人都是错的，think表示“认为”符合语境；report报道、guess猜测、discuss讨论均不符合语义，故选C。
8. 前文提到如果总觉得自己全对就和不成熟的成年人一样，说明我们自身的性格就会成为问题，problem符合语境；task任务、purpose目的、strength力量均不符合语义，故选A。
9. 句意：当这类人面对糟糕的处境时，他们会试着保持冷静找到出路，situation表示“处境、情况”符合语境；place地点、advice建议、instruction指令均不符合，故选D。
10. 句意：他们不断练习处理问题，直到自己成为成熟成年人中的一员，until表示“直到”符合时间逻辑；unless除非、as因为/当……时、when当……时均不符合此处语义，故选C。
【答案】
1—5: ABDBA 6—10: CCADC
【知识点】
语境词义辨析，固定搭配，逻辑连词
【点评】
本题属于书信类完形填空，主题贴近学生的成长引导场景，没有超纲词汇，考点侧重上下文线索对应和基础词义辨析，少量考察固定搭配和逻辑连词，学生只要通读全文抓住核心主旨，结合前后文的提示信息就能顺利推导答案，能够很好地锻炼学生的语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

A
Formal dining can be an enjoyable experience. However, an invitation to a formal meal can make many people nervous. Here are some ideas that can help you to be a well-behaved guest.
Basic table manners should be kept in mind first. Keep your elbows (肘) off the table, and chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed. Never pick your teeth at the table. While it's OK to use your fingers when eating bread or sandwiches, most foods should be eaten with utensils (餐具).
Thinking more of others is necessary to a pleasant dining experience. Be polite, eat slowly and take time to converse with those around you. Laughter is perfectly fine, but never shout across the table to make yourself heard. Moreover, keep your phone on silent, and check it as little as possible during the meal.
If you don't know what to do at the table, just begin with your napkin (餐巾). When you sit down, open the napkin at once and place it over your knees. Whenever you need to excuse yourself, leave it in your seat.
When you sit down, you'll find forks on your left as well as knives and spoons on your right. These utensils will be in different shapes and sizes, but don't be worried! Just begin with the outer utensils and work towards the middle. Still, if you're uncertain what to do, simply follow your host's lead, and you can't go wrong.
When the meal is over, tidy up your napkin and put it down to the left of you. Before you leave, be sure to express your thankfulness to your host.
() 1. What can we do at the table according to the passage?
A. We can pick our teeth at the table. B. We can chew with our mouth closed.
C. We can put our elbows on the table. D. We can take the food with both hands.
() 2. What does the underlined word "converse" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. explain B. behave C. continue D. communicate
() 3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. We should put the napkin on our knees after sitting down.
B. Forks are usually put on the right at the table.
C. After the meal, we should help the host tidy up the table.
D. We should keep our phone off at the table.
() 4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to accept a dining invitation B. Table manners in different countries
C. How to behave well at the table D. A pleasant dining experience

1—4: BDAC

【分析】
这是一篇介绍正式用餐礼仪的说明文，解题时我们可以按照以下思路推进：1. 先浏览4道题的题干，明确每道题的考查方向：前3道为细节理解/词义猜测题，第4道为主旨大意题；2. 针对细节类题目，带着题干关键词回原文精准定位对应段落，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对，排除和原文相悖的错误选项，选出符合要求的答案；3. 词义猜测题结合划线词所在句的上下文语境，结合用餐场景推断单词含义；4. 主旨大意题重点关注文章首段的总起句，明确全文核心写作目的，选出最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到文章第二段，原文明确说明"Keep your elbows off the table, and chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed. Never pick your teeth at the table."，可知A（在餐桌上剔牙）、C（把肘放在桌上）都被明确禁止，B（闭着嘴咀嚼）是允许的行为，D选项原文未提及相关表述，因此选B。
2. 第2题：划线词位于第三段，该段核心主题是用餐时要多顾及他人，前文提到用餐要礼貌、细嚼慢咽，后文提到不要隔着餐桌大喊，结合场景可知这里是说要花时间和身边的人交流，converse含义和communicate（交流）一致，explain解释、behave表现、continue继续都不符合语境，因此选D。
3. 第3题：逐一比对选项：A选项对应原文第四段"When you sit down, open the napkin at once and place it over your knees."，表述完全正确；B选项和第五段"you'll find forks on your left"表述相悖；C选项原文没有提到餐后要帮主人收拾餐桌的内容；D选项和第三段"keep your phone on silent, and check it as little as possible"表述不符，原文要求是开静音而非关机，因此选A。
4. 第4题：文章首段就点明核心主题是给出建议，帮助读者成为举止得体的用餐客人，全文都在介绍正式用餐的各类礼仪规范，因此最佳标题是"如何在餐桌上举止得体"，对应C选项；A选项"如何接受用餐邀请"、B选项"不同国家的餐桌礼仪"、D选项"愉快的用餐体验"都偏离全文核心内容，因此选C。
【答案】
BDAC
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于生活化的说明文阅读，内容贴近日常社交场景，既考查学生的基础阅读信息定位能力，也能帮助学生了解正式用餐的基础礼仪常识，大部分错误选项都属于和原文内容直接相反的类型，只要认真回文比对就不容易丢分，注意不要凭自己的主观常识代替原文给出的规则判断即可。
【难度系数】
0.8