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四、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The language of tableware
餐具会说话
I have been a restaurant critic (评论家) for five years and diners often complain, "I hate when waiters ask, 'Are you still working?' I'm not working. I'm eating, and please stop interrupting (使中断) my dinner." The problem is that both diners and waiters don't know a simple way of showing that you have finished the meal: place the fork and knife together, parallel (平行的) to each other, at the bottom right of the plate.
When a diner hasn't finished the meal, he should put the tableware in a crossed position perpendicular to (垂直于) each other, over the plate. That is it, and it works for dining out or eating at home — if a guest's tableware is in the crossed position, a host knows that he would like more food.
The rules mentioned above are simple, non-verbal (非言语的) and traditional. Sadly, they have been lost over the years, but I believe they are in serious need of reviving (复兴). If everyone, including diners, relearned the rules, we could save a lot of time and avoid being angry.
Dining manners is an unspoken language that moves a meal smoothly along so people can fully enjoy food and conversation without interruption. Knowing just a few rules and teaching them to your children will improve mealtimes greatly.
(
(
A. I'm full
B. I don't like the dishes
C. Please take my tableware away
D. I'm waiting for the next dish
(
A. Sad.
B. Worried.
C. Happy.
D. Surprised.
(
A. They improve the quality of mealtimes.
B. They are important part of dining culture.
C. They help save a lot of trouble.
D. They free diners from being interrupted.
The language of tableware
餐具会说话
I have been a restaurant critic (评论家) for five years and diners often complain, "I hate when waiters ask, 'Are you still working?' I'm not working. I'm eating, and please stop interrupting (使中断) my dinner." The problem is that both diners and waiters don't know a simple way of showing that you have finished the meal: place the fork and knife together, parallel (平行的) to each other, at the bottom right of the plate.
When a diner hasn't finished the meal, he should put the tableware in a crossed position perpendicular to (垂直于) each other, over the plate. That is it, and it works for dining out or eating at home — if a guest's tableware is in the crossed position, a host knows that he would like more food.
The rules mentioned above are simple, non-verbal (非言语的) and traditional. Sadly, they have been lost over the years, but I believe they are in serious need of reviving (复兴). If everyone, including diners, relearned the rules, we could save a lot of time and avoid being angry.
Dining manners is an unspoken language that moves a meal smoothly along so people can fully enjoy food and conversation without interruption. Knowing just a few rules and teaching them to your children will improve mealtimes greatly.
(
A
) 1. Which of the pictures shows that the diner has finished the meal?(
D
) 2. A diner placed his tableware in the crossed position. He might mean "D
".A. I'm full
B. I don't like the dishes
C. Please take my tableware away
D. I'm waiting for the next dish
(
A
) 3. How does the writer feel about the loss (遗失) of tableware rules?A. Sad.
B. Worried.
C. Happy.
D. Surprised.
(
B
) 4. Which of the following is NOT the writer's reason for relearning table rules?A. They improve the quality of mealtimes.
B. They are important part of dining culture.
C. They help save a lot of trouble.
D. They free diners from being interrupted.
答案
1—4: ADAB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍西餐餐具非言语礼仪的说明文，解题时首先可以先通读题干明确4道题的考查方向，再带着问题回原文逐段定位对应信息：首先第一题找用餐结束对应的餐具摆放描述，第二题找交叉摆放餐具的含义，第三题找作者对礼仪失传的态度表述，第四题逐一比对选项和原文提到的重学礼仪的理由，排除无中生有的错误选项，即可选出全部正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节题：根据第一段末尾的描述，用餐结束的摆放方式是刀叉互相平行，共同放在餐盘的右下方，对应A选项的图示，因此选A。
2. 细节题：根据第二段内容，食客把餐具摆成交叉位置时，主人就会知道食客还想要更多食物，对应D选项“我正在等下一道菜”，其余选项A“我饱了”、B“我不喜欢这些菜”、C“请把我的餐具拿走”均不符合原文表述，因此选D。
3. 细节题：根据第三段第二句“Sadly, they have been lost over the years”，直接表明作者对这些餐具规则失传的感受是难过的，对应A选项，因此选A。
4. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项“提升用餐体验”对应原文末尾“improve mealtimes greatly”；C选项“省去很多麻烦”对应原文“save a lot of time and avoid being angry”；D选项“让食客不被打扰”对应原文“avoid being angry”“without interruption”，全文没有提及“餐具规则是餐饮文化的重要组成部分”这一理由，因此不属于作者提出的重学餐具规则的原因，选B。
【答案】
1—4: ADAB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，西餐礼仪常识，语篇信息比对
【点评】
本题属于生活科普类阅读，所有题目都可以通过回原文定位细节得到答案，既考察了学生的信息查找能力，也科普了实用的餐桌礼仪小知识，做第四题这类“选非题”时要逐一核对选项的原文依据，不要加入自己的主观常识判断。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍西餐餐具非言语礼仪的说明文，解题时首先可以先通读题干明确4道题的考查方向，再带着问题回原文逐段定位对应信息：首先第一题找用餐结束对应的餐具摆放描述，第二题找交叉摆放餐具的含义，第三题找作者对礼仪失传的态度表述，第四题逐一比对选项和原文提到的重学礼仪的理由，排除无中生有的错误选项，即可选出全部正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节题：根据第一段末尾的描述，用餐结束的摆放方式是刀叉互相平行，共同放在餐盘的右下方，对应A选项的图示，因此选A。
2. 细节题：根据第二段内容，食客把餐具摆成交叉位置时，主人就会知道食客还想要更多食物，对应D选项“我正在等下一道菜”，其余选项A“我饱了”、B“我不喜欢这些菜”、C“请把我的餐具拿走”均不符合原文表述，因此选D。
3. 细节题：根据第三段第二句“Sadly, they have been lost over the years”，直接表明作者对这些餐具规则失传的感受是难过的，对应A选项，因此选A。
4. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项“提升用餐体验”对应原文末尾“improve mealtimes greatly”；C选项“省去很多麻烦”对应原文“save a lot of time and avoid being angry”；D选项“让食客不被打扰”对应原文“avoid being angry”“without interruption”，全文没有提及“餐具规则是餐饮文化的重要组成部分”这一理由，因此不属于作者提出的重学餐具规则的原因，选B。
【答案】
1—4: ADAB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，西餐礼仪常识，语篇信息比对
【点评】
本题属于生活科普类阅读，所有题目都可以通过回原文定位细节得到答案，既考察了学生的信息查找能力，也科普了实用的餐桌礼仪小知识，做第四题这类“选非题”时要逐一核对选项的原文依据，不要加入自己的主观常识判断。
【难度系数】
0.8
