一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）
1. You'll get （湿）if you go out now.
2. A （新生）baby or animal is one that has just been born.
3. Mike found a （富于挑战性）job as a teacher.
4. My brother will have an （面试）for a part-time job tomorrow.
5. We need to （安排）our bookshelf because it's very messy.
6. His strong （领导才能）helped the team win the competition.
7. The boy was doing some running. （汗）was running down his face.
8. Some modern cars can drive on （自动驾驶仪）on highways.

1. wet 2. newborn 3. challenging
4. interview 5. organise 6. leadership
7. Sweat 8. autopilot

【分析】本题要求根据汉语注释写出单词的正确形式，需结合句子结构判断单词的词性，再准确拼写对应英语词汇，注意句首单词首字母大写等细节。
【解析】1. get为系动词，后接形容词作表语，“湿”对应形容词wet；2. 修饰名词baby需用形容词，“新生的”对应newborn；3. 修饰名词job需用形容词，“富于挑战性的”对应challenging；4. 不定冠词an后接元音音素开头的名词，“面试”对应interview；5. need to后接动词原形，“安排”对应organise；6. 形容词strong后接名词，“领导才能”对应leadership；7. 此处需名词作主语，“汗”对应Sweat（句首首字母大写）；8. “自动驾驶仪”对应名词autopilot。
【答案】1. wet 2. newborn 3. challenging 4. interview 5. organise 6. leadership 7. Sweat 8. autopilot
【知识点】英语单词拼写；词性运用；词汇运用
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇的拼写及在句子中的正确运用，属于英语基础题型，侧重日常词汇积累的掌握。
【难度系数】0.2

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. (sure) you can finish your homework before dinner if you focus.
2. Because of the accident, one of the (pilot) failed to land the plane safely.
3. Many old machines (replace) by newer, faster ones in the future.
4. One of the (benefit) of foreign travel is learning to cope with the unexpected.
5. Learning new (skill), such as coding(编程序), can help you in the future.
6. Many (company) are now using solar energy to protect the environment.
7. Some leaders of our school attended the meeting; they gave (speech).

1. Surely 2. pilots 3. will be replaced
4. benefits 5. skills 6. companies 7. speeches

【分析】
1. 第1题需用副词修饰整个句子，所给词sure是形容词，需转换为副词；2. 第2题是固定结构“one of + 可数名词复数”，名词要变复数；3. 第3题时间状语in the future提示用一般将来时，主语和动词是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态；4. 第4题同样是“one of + 可数名词复数”结构，名词变复数；5. 第5题表示泛指多种技能，可数名词用复数；6. 第6题many后接可数名词复数；7. 第7题speech是可数名词，此处用复数形式。
【解析】
1. 空格处需副词作状语修饰整个句子，形容词sure的副词形式为Surely，故填Surely；
2. “one of + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……之一”，将单数名词pilot变为复数pilots，故填pilots；
3. 时间状语in the future表明时态为一般将来时，主语many old machines与动词replace是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态（will be + 过去分词），replace的过去分词为replaced，故填will be replaced；
4. “one of + 可数名词复数”要求名词用复数，将benefit变为复数benefits，故填benefits；
5. skill为可数名词，此处表示泛指多种技能，需用复数形式skills，故填skills；
6. many后接可数名词复数，company的复数形式为companies，故填companies；
7. speech为可数名词，此处表示发表演讲，需用复数形式speeches，故填speeches。
【答案】
1. Surely
2. pilots
3. will be replaced
4. benefits
5. skills
6. companies
7. speeches
【知识点】
副词的用法；可数名词复数；一般将来时的被动语态
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词形变化，涵盖词性转换、名词复数规则及被动语态运用，是英语学习的核心基础考点，难度适中，适合巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.3

三、阅读理解
If you are interested in nuclear submarines(核潜艇), Peng Shilu may be not a strange name to you. Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong on 18th November 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy was taken care of and protected by the poor. He moved between different families and lived a hard life.
In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later he went to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he completed his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, “Are you ready to change your research field?”
“Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!” With the strong belief(信念), Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power at once. In the early 1960s, China knew little about developing nuclear submarines. Peng Shilu and other scientists were learning, researching and practising. In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine was built. In 1974, China became the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life on nuclear power. “I have only done two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations,” said Peng. He died on 22nd March 2021, at the age of 96. As a pioneer of China’s nuclear power, he is remembered by the people and the country.
()1. How was Peng Shilu’s childhood?
A. Happy. B. Common. C. Hard. D. Strange.
()2. Why did Peng Shilu start to research nuclear power?
A. Because he was more interested in nuclear power.
B. Because he wanted to meet the motherland’s needs.
C. Because he was inspired by the success of other scientists.
D. Because he was offered a high-paying job in the nuclear industry.
()3. Which of the following are Peng Shilu’s achievements?
①Building China’s first nuclear submarine.
②Winning a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research.
③Pushing the development of nuclear power in China.
④Making China the fifth country in the world to possess a nuclear submarine.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④
()4. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The History of Nuclear Submarines in China
B. Famous Scientists in China’s Nuclear Industry
C. Peng Shilu: A Pioneer of China’s Nuclear Power
D. The Challenges of Developing Nuclear Technology

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C

【分析】做此类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握核心内容（本文是人物传记，围绕彭士禄的生平与贡献展开），再针对每道题的关键词回原文定位对应信息：细节题直接找原文原句匹配，主旨题需归纳全文核心人物与主题，逐一排除错误选项即可得出答案。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：定位原文第一段最后一句“He moved between different families and lived a hard life.”可知彭士禄的童年很艰苦，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：定位原文第四段彭士禄的回答“as long as the motherland has a need”，可知他研究核动力是响应祖国需要，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：原文未提及彭士禄获得诺贝尔奖，排除②；结合原文“1970年中国首艘核潜艇建成、1974年中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家、他是中国核电先驱”，可知①③④正确，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕彭士禄的生平，突出他作为中国核电先驱的贡献，A项仅涉及核潜艇历史（片面）、B项范围过大、D项偏离核心，故选C。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C
【知识点】细节理解题、主旨大意题、人物传记阅读
【点评】本文是人物传记类阅读理解，考查学生信息定位与归纳能力，题目以基础细节题和主旨题为主，难度适中，只要认真阅读原文找准对应信息即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.7