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D
Different cultures have their own rules of polite speech. When learning a language，it is important to learn rules of polite speech of the culture in which that language is spoken.
In spoken English，indirect questions are generally considered more formal and polite than direct questions. Indirect questions are questions with extra(额外的) words and phrases to make your questions softer and less demanding(强求的). Try using some of these phrases to create indirect questions，like "Do you know ..." or "Can/Could you tell me ...". When "Where is the bus stop?" becomes "Do you know where the bus stop is?"，it sounds much more polite.
It is said that it is easy to recognize(辨别) an impolite question when you're the person being asked，but not so easy when you're the one asking the question. What makes a question impolite? Most people would consider a question impolite if it's asking them for information that they don't really want to disclose to others. For example，in many cultures，it is not polite to ask questions about money. "How much money do you get every month?" is not good. When unsure，it is best to remember that if you are meeting someone for the first time，or you don't know a person very well yet，keep on the topics like sports，music，hobbies，or other general ones. Avoid topics which can be more personal to someone，such as money，family，age，health，politics and religion(宗教).
In the English language，"magic words" are very important in polite speech. "Please" is sometimes referred to as the "magic word". When eating out in a restaurant，you'd better say "Check the bill，please." instead of "Bring me the bill，waiter!" Another magic phrase is "thank you". When using English to ask for things or information，it is therefore important to use the magic words "please" and "thank you".
Polite speech is always welcomed，so why not use it? Even if you haven't used these polite words and phrases all your life，it's never too late to start. Practise holding polite conversations with family and close friends until you're comfortable and it feels natural. Gradually，speaking politely will become the second nature to you though it might seem so difficult to speak politely. Try to speak politely in different situations. This will help you communicate better with others.
(
A. speak louder to make everyone hear the questions clearly
B. make a good choice of proper places to ask the questions
C. ask questions directly with pleasant expressions on faces
D. add extra words to the questions to make them sound softer
(
A. look up
B. make known
C. pay attention
D. keep away
(
A. It's not easy for the listeners to find out the impolite questions.
B. Some "magic words" play an important part in our polite speech.
C. Personal topics have to be talked about when we meet a stranger.
D. It isn't necessary to practise polite conversations with our family.
(
A. To discuss the good points of the polite speech.
B. To teach us to use language in different situations.
C. To encourage us to use polite speech in our life.
D. To help us deal with the shyness when we speak.
Different cultures have their own rules of polite speech. When learning a language，it is important to learn rules of polite speech of the culture in which that language is spoken.
In spoken English，indirect questions are generally considered more formal and polite than direct questions. Indirect questions are questions with extra(额外的) words and phrases to make your questions softer and less demanding(强求的). Try using some of these phrases to create indirect questions，like "Do you know ..." or "Can/Could you tell me ...". When "Where is the bus stop?" becomes "Do you know where the bus stop is?"，it sounds much more polite.
It is said that it is easy to recognize(辨别) an impolite question when you're the person being asked，but not so easy when you're the one asking the question. What makes a question impolite? Most people would consider a question impolite if it's asking them for information that they don't really want to disclose to others. For example，in many cultures，it is not polite to ask questions about money. "How much money do you get every month?" is not good. When unsure，it is best to remember that if you are meeting someone for the first time，or you don't know a person very well yet，keep on the topics like sports，music，hobbies，or other general ones. Avoid topics which can be more personal to someone，such as money，family，age，health，politics and religion(宗教).
In the English language，"magic words" are very important in polite speech. "Please" is sometimes referred to as the "magic word". When eating out in a restaurant，you'd better say "Check the bill，please." instead of "Bring me the bill，waiter!" Another magic phrase is "thank you". When using English to ask for things or information，it is therefore important to use the magic words "please" and "thank you".
Polite speech is always welcomed，so why not use it? Even if you haven't used these polite words and phrases all your life，it's never too late to start. Practise holding polite conversations with family and close friends until you're comfortable and it feels natural. Gradually，speaking politely will become the second nature to you though it might seem so difficult to speak politely. Try to speak politely in different situations. This will help you communicate better with others.
(
D
)42. If we want to make our questions more polite，we should .A. speak louder to make everyone hear the questions clearly
B. make a good choice of proper places to ask the questions
C. ask questions directly with pleasant expressions on faces
D. add extra words to the questions to make them sound softer
(
B
)43. The underlined word "disclose" in Paragraph 3 probably means "".A. look up
B. make known
C. pay attention
D. keep away
(
B
)44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. It's not easy for the listeners to find out the impolite questions.
B. Some "magic words" play an important part in our polite speech.
C. Personal topics have to be talked about when we meet a stranger.
D. It isn't necessary to practise polite conversations with our family.
(
C
)45. What's the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?A. To discuss the good points of the polite speech.
B. To teach us to use language in different situations.
C. To encourage us to use polite speech in our life.
D. To help us deal with the shyness when we speak.
答案
42. D 细节理解题。根据“In spoken English, indirect questions are generally considered more formal and polite than direct questions. Indirect questions are questions with extra words and phrases to make your questions softer and less demanding.”可知，在问题中添加额外的单词，使它们听起来更柔和，这样我们的问题会更礼貌。故选 D。
43. B 词义猜测题。根据“Most people would consider a question impolite if it's asking them for information that they don't really want to disclose to others.”可推测，disclose 意为“透露”，即“make known”使被知道。故选 B。
44. B 判断正误题。根据“When using English to ask for things or information, it is therefore important to use the magic words 'please' and 'thank you'.”可知，选项 B“一些‘神奇的词汇’在我们的礼貌用语中起着重要的作用。”表述正确。故选 B。
45. C 写作意图题。根据“Try to speak politely in different situations. This will help you communicate better with others.”及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们在生活中使用礼貌用语。故选 C。
43. B 词义猜测题。根据“Most people would consider a question impolite if it's asking them for information that they don't really want to disclose to others.”可推测，disclose 意为“透露”，即“make known”使被知道。故选 B。
44. B 判断正误题。根据“When using English to ask for things or information, it is therefore important to use the magic words 'please' and 'thank you'.”可知，选项 B“一些‘神奇的词汇’在我们的礼貌用语中起着重要的作用。”表述正确。故选 B。
45. C 写作意图题。根据“Try to speak politely in different situations. This will help you communicate better with others.”及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们在生活中使用礼貌用语。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍不同文化中礼貌用语规则的英语阅读理解题，四道题目分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、正误判断、写作意图四类常规阅读题型。解题时首先通读全文，梳理出文章核心是讲解礼貌提问的方法、需要避开的禁忌话题、礼貌用语里的“魔法词汇”，最后呼吁大家日常多使用礼貌用语。之后每道题都回到原文对应段落定位相关内容，逐一比对选项，排除不符合原文描述的错误选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
42. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段内容“Indirect questions are questions with extra(额外的) words and phrases to make your questions softer and less demanding(强求的).”，可知想要问题更礼貌，可以在问句里添加额外的词句让语气更柔和。选项A“大声说话让所有人听清”、选项B“选合适的地点提问”原文均未提及，选项C“面带表情直接提问”不符合原文“间接提问更礼貌”的描述，全部排除，选D。
43. 词义猜测题：定位第三段划线词所在句，结合后文举例“在很多文化里问薪资是不礼貌的”，可以推断出这类不礼貌的问题是在索要人们不愿意对外透露的信息，disclose的含义是“透露、使被知晓”。选项A“查阅”、选项C“注意”、选项D“远离”都不符合语境，只有B“make known（使被知晓）”匹配词义，选B。
44. 判断正误题：逐一比对选项：选项A和第三段“当你是被提问的人时，很容易辨别出不礼貌的问题”描述相悖，错误；选项B和第四段首句“在英语中，‘魔法词汇’在礼貌用语里非常重要”完全对应，表述正确；选项C和原文“初次见面要避开私人话题”的描述相悖，错误；选项D和最后一段“要和家人朋友练习礼貌对话”的描述相悖，错误。最终选B。
45. 写作意图题：全文介绍了礼貌用语的使用方法、好处，最后首尾呼应呼吁大家在不同场景都尽量礼貌表达，帮助自己更好和他人沟通，核心目的是鼓励大家在生活中使用礼貌用语。选项A只提到礼貌用语的优点过于片面，选项B“教大家在不同场景使用语言”偏离核心主题，选项D“帮大家克服说话的害羞情绪”原文完全没有提及，全部排除，选C。
【答案】
42.D 43.B 44.B 45.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题属于跨文化交际类的常规阅读题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读几乎所有高频题型，既考察学生的信息定位、语义理解能力，也能帮助学生了解不同文化的礼貌用语规则，培养得体的交际意识。
【难度系数】
0.75
这是一篇介绍不同文化中礼貌用语规则的英语阅读理解题，四道题目分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、正误判断、写作意图四类常规阅读题型。解题时首先通读全文，梳理出文章核心是讲解礼貌提问的方法、需要避开的禁忌话题、礼貌用语里的“魔法词汇”，最后呼吁大家日常多使用礼貌用语。之后每道题都回到原文对应段落定位相关内容，逐一比对选项，排除不符合原文描述的错误选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
42. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段内容“Indirect questions are questions with extra(额外的) words and phrases to make your questions softer and less demanding(强求的).”，可知想要问题更礼貌，可以在问句里添加额外的词句让语气更柔和。选项A“大声说话让所有人听清”、选项B“选合适的地点提问”原文均未提及，选项C“面带表情直接提问”不符合原文“间接提问更礼貌”的描述，全部排除，选D。
43. 词义猜测题：定位第三段划线词所在句，结合后文举例“在很多文化里问薪资是不礼貌的”，可以推断出这类不礼貌的问题是在索要人们不愿意对外透露的信息，disclose的含义是“透露、使被知晓”。选项A“查阅”、选项C“注意”、选项D“远离”都不符合语境，只有B“make known（使被知晓）”匹配词义，选B。
44. 判断正误题：逐一比对选项：选项A和第三段“当你是被提问的人时，很容易辨别出不礼貌的问题”描述相悖，错误；选项B和第四段首句“在英语中，‘魔法词汇’在礼貌用语里非常重要”完全对应，表述正确；选项C和原文“初次见面要避开私人话题”的描述相悖，错误；选项D和最后一段“要和家人朋友练习礼貌对话”的描述相悖，错误。最终选B。
45. 写作意图题：全文介绍了礼貌用语的使用方法、好处，最后首尾呼应呼吁大家在不同场景都尽量礼貌表达，帮助自己更好和他人沟通，核心目的是鼓励大家在生活中使用礼貌用语。选项A只提到礼貌用语的优点过于片面，选项B“教大家在不同场景使用语言”偏离核心主题，选项D“帮大家克服说话的害羞情绪”原文完全没有提及，全部排除，选C。
【答案】
42.D 43.B 44.B 45.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题属于跨文化交际类的常规阅读题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读几乎所有高频题型，既考察学生的信息定位、语义理解能力，也能帮助学生了解不同文化的礼貌用语规则，培养得体的交际意识。
【难度系数】
0.75
