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四、词汇运用(每小题1分,满分10分)
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)
46. The Roberts lived
47. Do I have your
48. Nelson overslept this morning，so he
49.
50. People throw
51. Chinese people like to say "nali，nali" instead of
52. He thinks he could win the competition since he has
53. If you are looking for a gift，you can't go
54. The Smiths are always strict with their children about table
55. As citizens of Yangzhou，we have the duty to make our city a
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)
46. The Roberts lived
carefully
(安静地) with their Spanish-speaking neighbours.47. Do I have your
promise
(承诺) that you won't tell anyone about my secret?48. Nelson overslept this morning，so he
rushed
(仓促) to school without breakfast.49.
Congratulations
(祝贺) to you on winning the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.50. People throw
litter/rubbish
(垃圾) on the beach，which has become the "home" of hermit crabs(寄居蟹).51. Chinese people like to say "nali，nali" instead of
replying
(reply) with thanks.52. He thinks he could win the competition since he has
behaved
(behave) a lot.53. If you are looking for a gift，you can't go
wrong
(wrong) with a classic box of chocolates.54. The Smiths are always strict with their children about table
manners
(manner) .55. As citizens of Yangzhou，we have the duty to make our city a
pleasant
(please) place.答案
46. carefully 47. promise 48. rushed
49. Congratulations 50. litter/rubbish 51. replying
52. behaved 53. wrong 54. manners 55. pleasant
49. Congratulations 50. litter/rubbish 51. replying
52. behaved 53. wrong 54. manners 55. pleasant
解析
【分析】
解这类词汇运用题的思路是：首先通读完整句子，准确理解句子含义，接着结合括号内的汉语提示或给出的英语原形，先判断空格处所需要的词性，再结合对应的语法规则、固定搭配、时态语态要求对单词进行变形，最后代入句子检查语义和语法是否通顺，同时注意每空只能填一个单词的要求。遇到汉语提示类题目先对应核心词义，再判断是否需要词性变化；遇到给出英语单词的题目，要结合空格前后的搭配要求完成词性转换。
【解析】
46. 空格处修饰动词lived，需要使用副词形式，结合语境填入carefully。
47. 空格前有形容词性物主代词your，后面需要接名词，“承诺”的对应名词为promise，直接填入即可。
48. 前半句谓语overslept为一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，因此“仓促”rush要使用一般过去式rushed。
49. 固定表达Congratulations to sb. 意为“向某人表示祝贺”，句首单词首字母需要大写，填入Congratulations。
50. 空格处作动词throw的宾语，“垃圾”对应的不可数名词可以是litter或者rubbish，两个答案均符合要求。
51. 固定短语instead of中of是介词，介词后面需要接动名词形式，因此动词reply要变为replying。
52. 句子时态为现在完成时，结构为“have + 动词过去分词”，behave的过去分词为behaved。
53. 固定搭配go wrong意为“出问题、出错”，是固定短语，直接填入wrong即可。
54. 固定表达table manners意为“餐桌礼仪”，manner表示礼仪时常用复数形式，填入manners。
55. 空格处修饰名词place，需要使用形容词作定语，please对应的形容词pleasant意为“令人舒适的、愉快的”，符合语境要求。
【答案】
46. carefully 47. promise 48. rushed
49. Congratulations 50. litter/rubbish 51. replying
52. behaved 53. wrong 54. manners 55. pleasant
【知识点】
词形转换，固定短语，时态应用
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的词汇运用题型，考点覆盖全面，既考察基础词义识记，也涉及词性转换、时态变形、固定特殊搭配等易错点，整体难度适中，能够有效检验学生对课内核心词汇的掌握熟练度。学生解题时要注意不要忽略特殊固定搭配的形式，比如表示祝贺的congratulations必须用复数，餐桌礼仪manner要用复数这类容易失分的细节。
【难度系数】
0.7
解这类词汇运用题的思路是：首先通读完整句子，准确理解句子含义，接着结合括号内的汉语提示或给出的英语原形，先判断空格处所需要的词性，再结合对应的语法规则、固定搭配、时态语态要求对单词进行变形，最后代入句子检查语义和语法是否通顺，同时注意每空只能填一个单词的要求。遇到汉语提示类题目先对应核心词义，再判断是否需要词性变化；遇到给出英语单词的题目，要结合空格前后的搭配要求完成词性转换。
【解析】
46. 空格处修饰动词lived，需要使用副词形式，结合语境填入carefully。
47. 空格前有形容词性物主代词your，后面需要接名词，“承诺”的对应名词为promise，直接填入即可。
48. 前半句谓语overslept为一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，因此“仓促”rush要使用一般过去式rushed。
49. 固定表达Congratulations to sb. 意为“向某人表示祝贺”，句首单词首字母需要大写，填入Congratulations。
50. 空格处作动词throw的宾语，“垃圾”对应的不可数名词可以是litter或者rubbish，两个答案均符合要求。
51. 固定短语instead of中of是介词，介词后面需要接动名词形式，因此动词reply要变为replying。
52. 句子时态为现在完成时，结构为“have + 动词过去分词”，behave的过去分词为behaved。
53. 固定搭配go wrong意为“出问题、出错”，是固定短语，直接填入wrong即可。
54. 固定表达table manners意为“餐桌礼仪”，manner表示礼仪时常用复数形式，填入manners。
55. 空格处修饰名词place，需要使用形容词作定语，please对应的形容词pleasant意为“令人舒适的、愉快的”，符合语境要求。
【答案】
46. carefully 47. promise 48. rushed
49. Congratulations 50. litter/rubbish 51. replying
52. behaved 53. wrong 54. manners 55. pleasant
【知识点】
词形转换，固定短语，时态应用
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的词汇运用题型，考点覆盖全面，既考察基础词义识记，也涉及词性转换、时态变形、固定特殊搭配等易错点，整体难度适中，能够有效检验学生对课内核心词汇的掌握熟练度。学生解题时要注意不要忽略特殊固定搭配的形式，比如表示祝贺的congratulations必须用复数，餐桌礼仪manner要用复数这类容易失分的细节。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读表达(每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读短文，回答下面5个问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so at the moment，explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis. They would rather complain afterwards.
This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause a scene. Margolis writes，"For example，I'm much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate(instead of complaining to the restaurant). But if this kind of thing happens when you're dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this humiliating(丢脸的)."
In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the USA，Margolis shows a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive(冒犯的) to Britons.
Not making introductions Americans hardly remember to introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers(陌生人)should introduce themselves. But Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because "talking to strangers without a facilitator(推动者)gives them a stomachache".
"Quite" good Using "quite" to mean "very" happens a lot in the USA. But if you are invited to a dinner party in a British household，don't describe the meal as "quite good" if you want to express high praise. To Britons' ears，"quite" takes away from the "good"：The meal was passable but could have been better.
Money talk Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons，Margolis says，"Talking about how much we make is unthinkable—only less so than discussing our feelings."
56. When do Britons like to do if they want to complain something?
57. How many examples are shown in the BBC blog post?
58. Why do most Britons dislike the American approach of strangers introducing themselves at parties?
59. What does the use of the word "quite" mean when describing a meal in a British household?
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
阅读短文，回答下面5个问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so at the moment，explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis. They would rather complain afterwards.
This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause a scene. Margolis writes，"For example，I'm much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate(instead of complaining to the restaurant). But if this kind of thing happens when you're dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this humiliating(丢脸的)."
In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the USA，Margolis shows a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive(冒犯的) to Britons.
Not making introductions Americans hardly remember to introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers(陌生人)should introduce themselves. But Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because "talking to strangers without a facilitator(推动者)gives them a stomachache".
"Quite" good Using "quite" to mean "very" happens a lot in the USA. But if you are invited to a dinner party in a British household，don't describe the meal as "quite good" if you want to express high praise. To Britons' ears，"quite" takes away from the "good"：The meal was passable but could have been better.
Money talk Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons，Margolis says，"Talking about how much we make is unthinkable—only less so than discussing our feelings."
56. When do Britons like to do if they want to complain something?
They like to complain afterwards instead of at the moment.
57. How many examples are shown in the BBC blog post?
Three.
58. Why do most Britons dislike the American approach of strangers introducing themselves at parties?
Because talking to strangers without a facilitator makes them uncomfortable.
59. What does the use of the word "quite" mean when describing a meal in a British household?
The meal was passable but could have been better.
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
The differences between British and American manners.
答案
56. They like to complain afterwards instead of at the moment.
57. Three.
58. Because talking to strangers without a facilitator makes them uncomfortable.
59. The meal was passable but could have been better.
60. The differences between British and American manners.
57. Three.
58. Because talking to strangers without a facilitator makes them uncomfortable.
59. The meal was passable but could have been better.
60. The differences between British and American manners.
解析
【分析】
这是一篇英美文化主题的阅读表达题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍英美之间的文化礼仪差异；2. 针对每道题干，带着关键词回原文精准定位对应语句，提取匹配的信息；3. 按照题干要求整理信息，确保内容和原文表述一致，没有信息偏差。细节题直接定位原文找对应内容，主旨题结合全文核心内容归纳即可。
【解析】
56. 定位原文第一段内容："Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so at the moment...They would rather complain afterwards."，直接提取对应行为得到答案。
57. 梳理全文举例部分，一共列举了3种会冒犯英国人的美国人的行为：派对不做介绍、用"quite"表"very"、谈论金钱相关话题，因此数量为3。
58. 定位原文第四段末尾内容："most Britons dislike this approach because 'talking to strangers without a facilitator gives them a stomachache'"，将表述转化为通顺的符合题意的内容即可。
59. 定位原文第五段末尾内容："To Britons' ears，'quite' takes away from the 'good'：The meal was passable but could have been better."，直接提取对应的含义表述即可。
60. 全文围绕英美之间存在的、容易冒犯对方的礼仪文化差异展开，归纳得到文章主旨。
【答案】
56. They like to complain afterwards instead of at the moment.
57. Three.
58. Because talking to strangers without a facilitator makes them uncomfortable.
59. The meal was passable but could have been better.
60. The differences between British and American manners.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，英美文化差异，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题难度适中，以跨文化常识为载体，重点考察学生的信息定位和提取能力，大部分答案都能从原文直接找到对应表述，仅主旨题需要简单归纳，同时能帮助学生了解英美文化的常见差异，拓展文化常识储备。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇英美文化主题的阅读表达题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍英美之间的文化礼仪差异；2. 针对每道题干，带着关键词回原文精准定位对应语句，提取匹配的信息；3. 按照题干要求整理信息，确保内容和原文表述一致，没有信息偏差。细节题直接定位原文找对应内容，主旨题结合全文核心内容归纳即可。
【解析】
56. 定位原文第一段内容："Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so at the moment...They would rather complain afterwards."，直接提取对应行为得到答案。
57. 梳理全文举例部分，一共列举了3种会冒犯英国人的美国人的行为：派对不做介绍、用"quite"表"very"、谈论金钱相关话题，因此数量为3。
58. 定位原文第四段末尾内容："most Britons dislike this approach because 'talking to strangers without a facilitator gives them a stomachache'"，将表述转化为通顺的符合题意的内容即可。
59. 定位原文第五段末尾内容："To Britons' ears，'quite' takes away from the 'good'：The meal was passable but could have been better."，直接提取对应的含义表述即可。
60. 全文围绕英美之间存在的、容易冒犯对方的礼仪文化差异展开，归纳得到文章主旨。
【答案】
56. They like to complain afterwards instead of at the moment.
57. Three.
58. Because talking to strangers without a facilitator makes them uncomfortable.
59. The meal was passable but could have been better.
60. The differences between British and American manners.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，英美文化差异，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题难度适中，以跨文化常识为载体，重点考察学生的信息定位和提取能力，大部分答案都能从原文直接找到对应表述，仅主旨题需要简单归纳，同时能帮助学生了解英美文化的常见差异，拓展文化常识储备。
【难度系数】
0.7
