专练三 选词填空(2)
A
interest live search for since return
Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. Now millions of Chinese leave the countryside to 1. work in the cities, among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He 2. in Beijing during the past 13 years. With a hard job in a factory, he doesn't find much time to visit his hometown. "I used to 3. home at least once a year, but I haven't come back 4. three years ago now," he says. Many people like Zhong Wei are 5. in how their hometown have changed.
memory opposite symbol government the same
Besides large hospitals and new roads, the 6. has also built new schools and sent teachers from the cities to help. Zhong Wei thinks such changes are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot stay 7. . However, some things will never change. "In my hometown, there was a big old tree 8. the school. It is still there and has become a 9. of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holiday. It was such a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet 10. in our hearts."

A. 1. search for 2. has lived 3. return 4. since 5. interested 6. government
7. the same 8. opposite 9. symbol 10. memories

【分析】
解题时首先要先通读全文，把握文章核心主题：本文讲述了外出务工人员对家乡变化的感受与留存的童年回忆，再结合给出的备选词汇，逐空分析语法结构、固定搭配和语义匹配度，同时注意动词时态、词形转换、名词单复数等细节，最终选出符合要求的正确形式。首先判断每空所需的词性，再结合上下文语境筛选对应词汇，遇到需要变形的词要根据语法规则调整形式，最后代入全文通读验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 空前是不定式符号to，需要填动词原形，结合句意“数百万中国人离开农村前往城市找工作”，search for意为“寻找、搜寻”，完全匹配语境，因此填search for。
2. 句中时间状语during the past 13 years是现在完成时的典型标志，主语He是第三人称单数，live的现在完成时形式为has lived，表达“过去13年一直居住在北京”的含义，因此填has lived。
3. 固定结构used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，空后搭配home，结合后文“很久没回家”的语境，此处表达过去每年至少返乡一次，return意为“返回”，填原形即可，因此填return。
4. 本句是现在完成时的否定句，空后three years ago是过去的时间点，since+过去时间点是现在完成时的常用时间状语，含义为“自从……以来”，符合句意“从三年前起我就没回来过”，因此填since。
5. 固定搭配be interested in 表示“对……感兴趣”，需要把名词interest转换为形容词interested，符合“很多像钟伟一样的人都对家乡的变化很感兴趣”的语义，因此填interested。
6. 空后描述的动作是修建新学校、从城市派遣教师支援，能主导这类公共建设事务的主体是government（政府），因此填government。
7. 前文提到家乡发生了诸多向好的变化，本句表达“家乡不可能一直保持原样”，stay the same是固定常用表达，意为“保持不变”，因此填the same。
8. 此处描述大树的位置，表达“学校对面有一棵古老的大树”，opposite作介词含义为“在……对面”，符合语境，因此填opposite。
9. 固定搭配a symbol of 表示“……的象征”，这棵留存至今的老树已经成了当地的标志性符号，因此填symbol。
10. 空前的many用于修饰可数名词复数，memory是可数名词，含义为“回忆”，需要变为复数形式memories，对应“在我们心中留下了许多柔软甜蜜的回忆”的语义，因此填memories。
【答案】
1. search for 2. has lived 3. return 4. since 5. interested 6. government 7. the same 8. opposite 9. symbol 10. memories
【知识点】
选词填空，固定搭配，现在完成时
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的选词填空题型，围绕家乡变迁的常见话题展开，既考察学生对全文主旨的理解能力，也覆盖了现在完成时、词形转换、常用固定短语等核心考点，易错点集中在动词时态变形、形容词化的过去分词、名词复数变化上，学生解题时要注意不能只选词义，还要结合语法规则调整词汇的正确形式。
【难度系数】
0.6

B
experience abroad hide advise because of
How time flies! It is two years since I began to study 1. on my student exchange program in America. I treasured that period of time because it was really an unforgettable 2. . Now let me share it with you.
At that time, I was a shy and quiet girl. The teacher spoke so fast that I didn't understand her most of the time. My spoken English was also weak. 3. my poor pronunciation, I was afraid to speak English in class. I just 4. behind my textbook and never said anything. Thanks to my classmate—Carl, he 5. me to join a study group. There were twelve members in it. They made me brave and confident.
teamwork mistake habit brave show an interest in
My teammates also helped me a lot. I practiced speaking English with them over and over again. Gradually, I 6. learning English. I had a few good English learning 7. as well, such as asking questions 8. , learning from 9. and so on. I made progress in learning English. I became outgoing and active actually. It was the 10. that changed me. I will never forget that experience.

B. 1. abroad 2. experience 3. Because of 4. hid 5. advised 6. showed an
interest in 7. habits 8. bravely 9. mistakes 10. teamwork

【分析】
拿到这类选词填空题，首先第一步通读整篇短文，明确文章核心是讲述作者作为交换生在美国学习的难忘经历，确定整体叙事时态为一般过去时。第二步先梳理给出的两组备选词汇的词义和词性，再结合每个空格前后的语法搭配、语境含义，先筛选出语义匹配的词汇，再根据时态、单复数、词性转换等规则做正确变形，最后把填完的内容通读检查逻辑是否通顺，避免出现语义匹配但形式错误的问题。
【解析】
1. 句意：我通过交换生项目在美国出国学习已经两年了。此处需要地点副词修饰动词study，备选词abroad意为“在国外”，符合语境，填abroad。
2. 句意：我很珍惜那段时光，因为它真的是一段难忘的经历。形容词unforgettable后接名词，备选词experience意为“经历”，符合语境，填experience。
3. 句意：因为我糟糕的发音，我害怕在课上说英语。空格后接名词性短语my poor pronunciation表原因，备选词because of意为“因为”，可直接接名词成分，句首首字母大写，填Because of。
4. 句意：我只是躲在课本后面，从来不说任何话。此处缺少谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，备选词hide意为“躲藏”，过去式为hid，符合语境，填hid。
5. 句意：多亏了我的同学卡尔，他建议我加入一个学习小组。此处缺少谓语动词，描述过去的动作，备选词advise意为“建议”，过去式为advised，构成固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，符合语境，填advised。
6. 句意：渐渐地，我对学习英语产生了兴趣。描述过去发生的转变，备选词show an interest in意为“对……产生兴趣”，过去式为showed an interest in，符合语境，填showed an interest in。
7. 句意：我也有了一些好的英语学习习惯。a few后接可数名词复数，备选词habit意为“习惯”，复数形式为habits，符合语境，填habits。
8. 句意：比如勇敢地提问、从错误中学习等等。此处修饰动词短语asking questions，需要用副词，备选词brave的副词形式bravely意为“勇敢地”，符合语境，填bravely。
9. 句意：比如勇敢提问、从错误中学习等等。固定搭配learn from mistakes意为“从错误中学习”，用可数名词mistake的复数形式mistakes表泛指，符合语境，填mistakes。
10. 句意：正是团队合作改变了我。前文提到学习小组的队友互相帮助共同进步，对应备选词teamwork意为“团队合作”，符合语境，填teamwork。
【答案】
1. abroad 2. experience 3. Because of 4. hid 5. advised 6. showed an interest in 7. habits 8. bravely 9. mistakes 10. teamwork
【知识点】
语境选词填空，动词时态变形，词形转换
【点评】
本题是典型的记叙文体选词填空题，既考查学生对语篇整体主旨的理解能力，也侧重考查不规则动词过去式变形、名词单复数、形容词转副词等基础语法点，解题时要先通读全文确定整体叙事时态，再结合空格前后的语法要求对初选词汇做正确变形，避免只匹配词义忽略形式的常见失分问题。
【难度系数】
0.7

C
serious teach one medicine play with
Hospitals have not always been clean, quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and overcrowded. Nurses were never 1. how to look after their patients and many people died. This is the story of Florence Nightingale, who changed all this.
Florence was born in 1820. Growing up, she was a quiet and 2. young girl. She spent a lot of time 3. her dolls. She would pretend that the dolls were sick and she was their nurse. People would bring sick or hurt animals to her to look after. She often went with her mother to visit the poor people. They took food and 4. to the sick. These visits 5. gave her the idea of becoming a nurse.

Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence 6. to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and wounded soldiers. The hospitals were dirty, and there was not enough medicine. Florence and her team cleaned the hospital rooms and beds. They 7. that the bandages were clean and that the soldiers got enough medicine. Florence and her team worked hard. At night she would go from room to room checking on the patients. There was no electricity so she would carry an oil lamp with her to see 8. she was going. She often stayed to talk to the patients, 9. if she could see that they were frightened or dying.
After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients properly. She never really got 10. from the illness that she had in the war and she died in 1910. Thanks to Florence Nightingale, we receive the proper care in hospitals today.

C. 1. taught 2. serious 3. playing with 4. medicine 5. first 6. was asked
7. made sure 8. where 9. especially 10. better

【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类的选词填空题，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章讲述的是弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔推动近代护理事业发展的生平故事，把握整体叙事逻辑和全文通用的一般过去时的时态基调；第二步先梳理所有备选词汇，结合每个空格的上下文语义、句子成分、固定搭配，判断所需单词的词性和正确变形，逐一匹配符合语境的答案，最后代入全文通读检查逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 句意：护士从来没有被教授过如何照顾病人，很多人因此死亡。此处是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为were+动词过去分词，teach的过去分词为taught，故填taught。
2. 句意：长大后，她是一个安静又认真的年轻女孩。and并列两个修饰人物性格的形容词，serious意为“严肃认真的”，符合描述南丁格尔性格的语境，故填serious。
3. 句意：她花很多时间和她的玩偶玩耍。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，play with要变为动名词形式playing with，故填playing with。
4. 句意：她们给病人带去食物和药品。and并列两个名词作took的宾语，medicine意为“药品”，符合探访穷人、给病人递送物资的语境，故填medicine。
5. 句意：这些探访首先让她萌生了成为一名护士的想法。此处需要副词作状语，基数词one变为序数词first表示“首先”，符合语境，故填first。
6. 句意：1854年英国和俄国开战，弗洛伦斯被要求带领一队护士去照顾伤病士兵。此处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语Florence是单数，be动词用was，ask变为过去分词asked，故填was asked。
7. 句意：她们确保绷带是干净的，士兵能得到足够的药品。整体时态为一般过去时，make sure变为过去式made sure，意为“确保”，后接that引导的宾语从句，完全符合语境，故填made sure。
8. 句意：没有电，所以她会提着一盏油灯，看清自己要去往的地方。此处是see后接的宾语从句，用where引导表示“……的地方”，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9. 句意：她经常留下来和病人交谈，尤其是当她发现病人很恐惧或者濒临死亡的时候。此处需要副词作状语，形容词special变为副词especially，意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境，故填especially。
10. 句意：她从来没有从战争期间得的那场病里真正好转，最终在1910年去世。get better表示“好转、恢复健康”，此处用good的比较级better，暗含和生病时的状态对比，符合语境，故填better。
【答案】
1. taught 2. serious 3. playing with 4. medicine 5. first 6. was asked 7. made sure 8. where 9. especially 10. better
【知识点】
被动语态，词形转换，宾语从句
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的选词变形填空题型，以护理学先驱南丁格尔的生平为载体，既考查学生对语篇上下文逻辑的理解能力，也覆盖了非谓语动词、动词时态语态、形容词副词转换、比较级等核心基础语法点，兼具知识性和人文性。
【难度系数】
0.6