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五、外刊视野 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:动物科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
How did wild wolves become pet dogs? No one is quite sure.
Long ago, people didn't live in houses. They moved from place to place, hunting for food. They didn't know how to grow food, and they didn't keep any trained animals. People and wolves were not friends then (and still aren't). So what happened?
A few clever wolves might follow people to take their leftovers(残羹剩饭). Or a few clever people might follow wolves to get hunting help.
Although those first people and wolves got together, the wolves weren't pets yet. Even if some wolves had been "trained", their babies would still be born wild and need to be trained. But people began to keep and train the friendliest, gentlest babies. They let the others go back to the wild.
And when those trained pups grew up and had babies, people again chose to keep the friendliest, gentlest pups. The same thing happened again and again and again. After many, many, many times, something changed.
The pups began to look different. They had rounder heads, smaller teeth, and curlier tails. Their coats came in more colours. They wagged(摆动) their tails and barked. They no longer needed to be trained. They depended on people for food and a home. They became dogs. Gradually(逐渐地), people learned how to choose and breed(饲养) dogs to do different jobs. Brave, little dogs could catch rats and other pests underground. Fast, long-legged dogs could find and chase animals for hunters.
Now we have hundreds of different kinds of dogs. But no matter what they look like now, long, long ago, every single type was once a wolf.
(素材选自 Click)
(
A. By making all the wolves follow them everywhere.
B. By keeping and training all baby wolves.
C. By hunting wolves and training them.
D. By keeping and training the friendliest and gentlest baby wolves.
(
A. Run after. B. Find out. C. Look for. D. Look after.
(
A.
主题群:自然生态 子主题:动物科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
How did wild wolves become pet dogs? No one is quite sure.
Long ago, people didn't live in houses. They moved from place to place, hunting for food. They didn't know how to grow food, and they didn't keep any trained animals. People and wolves were not friends then (and still aren't). So what happened?
A few clever wolves might follow people to take their leftovers(残羹剩饭). Or a few clever people might follow wolves to get hunting help.
Although those first people and wolves got together, the wolves weren't pets yet. Even if some wolves had been "trained", their babies would still be born wild and need to be trained. But people began to keep and train the friendliest, gentlest babies. They let the others go back to the wild.
And when those trained pups grew up and had babies, people again chose to keep the friendliest, gentlest pups. The same thing happened again and again and again. After many, many, many times, something changed.
The pups began to look different. They had rounder heads, smaller teeth, and curlier tails. Their coats came in more colours. They wagged(摆动) their tails and barked. They no longer needed to be trained. They depended on people for food and a home. They became dogs. Gradually(逐渐地), people learned how to choose and breed(饲养) dogs to do different jobs. Brave, little dogs could catch rats and other pests underground. Fast, long-legged dogs could find and chase animals for hunters.
Now we have hundreds of different kinds of dogs. But no matter what they look like now, long, long ago, every single type was once a wolf.
(素材选自 Click)
(
D
) 1. How did people gradually turn wolves into dogs?A. By making all the wolves follow them everywhere.
B. By keeping and training all baby wolves.
C. By hunting wolves and training them.
D. By keeping and training the friendliest and gentlest baby wolves.
(
A
) 2. What does the underlined word "chase" in Paragraph 6 mean?A. Run after. B. Find out. C. Look for. D. Look after.
(
A
) 3. (创新考法·图片理解) Which picture shows the pups that began to look different?A.
答案
1.D
2.A
3.A
2.A
3.A
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文中人类将狼驯化为狗的方法相关内容，提取关键信息匹配选项；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，理解描述猎犬功能的词汇含义；
3. 第3题是图片理解题，需定位文中幼狼外形变化的特征，匹配对应图片。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第4段“people began to keep and train the friendliest, gentlest babies”可知，人类通过饲养和训练最友好、最温顺的幼狼逐步将狼变成狗，对应选项D。A“让所有狼跟随人类”、B“训练所有幼狼”、C“捕猎狼并训练”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 第2题：第6段提到“Fast, long-legged dogs could find and chase animals for hunters”，结合语境，快速长腿狗为猎人追赶猎物，chase意为“追赶”，对应选项A。B“找出”、C“寻找”、D“照顾”均不符合，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第6段“The pups began to look different. They had rounder heads, smaller teeth, and curlier tails.”可知，外形变化后的幼崽有圆头、小牙、卷尾，观察图片，A选项符合这些特征，B是狼、C是尖嘴动物、D是怪异造型，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、词义猜测、图片理解
【点评】
本题融合阅读理解的细节理解、词义猜测及图片理解，考查学生对文章信息的提取与匹配能力，图片理解需结合文中外形特征判断，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文中人类将狼驯化为狗的方法相关内容，提取关键信息匹配选项；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，理解描述猎犬功能的词汇含义；
3. 第3题是图片理解题，需定位文中幼狼外形变化的特征，匹配对应图片。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第4段“people began to keep and train the friendliest, gentlest babies”可知，人类通过饲养和训练最友好、最温顺的幼狼逐步将狼变成狗，对应选项D。A“让所有狼跟随人类”、B“训练所有幼狼”、C“捕猎狼并训练”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 第2题：第6段提到“Fast, long-legged dogs could find and chase animals for hunters”，结合语境，快速长腿狗为猎人追赶猎物，chase意为“追赶”，对应选项A。B“找出”、C“寻找”、D“照顾”均不符合，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第6段“The pups began to look different. They had rounder heads, smaller teeth, and curlier tails.”可知，外形变化后的幼崽有圆头、小牙、卷尾，观察图片，A选项符合这些特征，B是狼、C是尖嘴动物、D是怪异造型，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、词义猜测、图片理解
【点评】
本题融合阅读理解的细节理解、词义猜测及图片理解，考查学生对文章信息的提取与匹配能力，图片理解需结合文中外形特征判断，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
