五、词汇运用
根据句意、中文释义和首字母提示，写出句中所缺单词。
1. The (政府) in different countries make laws to help the poor.
2. Thanks to all the (努力) of the whole team, we won the game.
3. Lucy (设法、完成) to complete the task best in her class last year.
4. The (狼) were working as a team to hunt for food.
5. Of all the insects, the (最微小的) type is often the most difficult to find.
6. It was a (令人满意的) experience to finish the work on time.
7. We should try our best to i the number of wild animals.
8. Pollution will be more and more s if we do nothing.
9. The bag w five kilograms. It's heavy to carry.
10. To grow and improve, we must learn to a changes in our lives.

1. governments 2. efforts 3. managed 4. wolves 5. tiniest
6. satisfying 7. increase 8. serious 9. weighs 10. accept

【分析】
解答此类词汇运用题，需遵循三步思路：①通读句子理解句意，明确语境；②结合括号内的中文释义或句首字母提示，锁定目标单词；③根据句子的语法规则（如主谓一致、时态、单复数、形容词级的变化等）调整单词的正确形式，确保符合句子结构要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：不同国家的政府制定法律帮助穷人。中文提示“政府”，谓语动词make为原形，主语需用复数形式，故填governments。
2. 句意：多亏了整个团队的所有努力，我们赢得了比赛。中文提示“努力”，all后接可数名词复数，故填efforts。
3. 句意：Lucy去年在她班设法最好地完成了任务。中文提示“设法、完成”，时间状语last year表过去，需用动词过去式，故填managed。
4. 句意：狼作为一个团队捕猎食物。中文提示“狼”，be动词were表复数，故填wolves。
5. 句意：在所有昆虫中，最微小的类型通常最难找。中文提示“最微小的”，of all表范围，需用形容词最高级，故填tiniest。
6. 句意：按时完成工作是令人满意的经历。中文提示“令人满意的”，修饰事物experience需用形容词satisfying。
7. 句意：我们应该尽力增加野生动物的数量。首字母为i，结合语境“增加”，故填increase。
8. 句意：如果我们什么都不做，污染会越来越严重。首字母为s，结合语境“严重的”，故填serious。
9. 句意：这个袋子重5公斤，搬起来很重。首字母为w，主语the bag是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填weighs。
10. 句意：为了成长和进步，我们必须学会接受生活中的变化。首字母为a，结合语境“接受”，故填accept。
【答案】
1. governments 2. efforts 3. managed 4. wolves 5. tiniest 6. satisfying 7. increase 8. serious 9. weighs 10. accept
【知识点】
词汇运用，名词单复数，动词时态
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础词汇运用题，主要考查核心词汇的识记及语境运用能力，需重点关注单词的形式变化（如单复数、时态、最高级），整体难度较低，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.3

六、短文填空
阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式
$Why does your dog shake when it's all wet? It isn't just trying ^{(1)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(get) you and your homework wet. There is a good reason ^{(2)}\_\_\_\_\_\_the shaking. Scientists took a look at the strange problem and ^{(3)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(record) the shaking of 33 animals. They've found that mammals ($哺乳动物$) save lots of energy by shaking to dry ^{(4)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(they) off. If they don't shake, animals will use up to 20 per cent of their ^{(5)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(day) energy. Nearly all furry ($多毛的$) mammals do it in ^{(6)}\_\_\_\_\_\_same way. But some mammals, like kangaroos, only shake part of their body, as they live in very hot weather and that makes them ^{(7)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(stay) dry easily.$
Not every animal shakes at the same rate (频率$). Small animals seem to shake ^{(8)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(fast). A mouse shakes 30 times per second, while bears, tigers and big dogs shake only about four. These animals do it so well that they shake off about 70 per cent of the water on ^{(9)}\_\_\_\_\_\_(they) bodies in seconds. However, for us humans, it takes us not seconds, but minutes! ^{(10)}\_\_\_\_\_\_amazing!$

1. to get 2. for 3. recorded 4. themselves 5. daily
6. the 7. stay 8. fast/faster 9. their 10. How

【分析】这是一篇关于动物甩干身体的科普短文填空，需结合固定搭配、时态、词性转换、冠词、感叹句等语法知识及上下文语境解题。解题时先通读全文把握大意，再逐个分析空格考点：1.考查固定搭配try to do；2.考查固定搭配a reason for；3.考查并列谓语的时态一致；4.考查反身代词指代主语；5.考查形容词修饰名词；6.考查固定搭配the same；7.考查固定搭配make sb do；8.考查副词的原级/比较级（对比大小动物的甩动速度）；9.考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词；10.考查感叹句的引导词。
【解析】1.固定搭配try to do sth（试图做某事），故填to get；2.固定搭配a reason for sth（……的原因），故填for；3.由并列谓语took（过去式）可知，此处用record的过去式recorded；4.指代前面的mammals，用反身代词themselves，dry themselves off意为“把自己弄干”；5.修饰名词energy，需用形容词daily（日常的）；6.固定搭配the same（同样的），故填定冠词the；7.固定搭配make sb do sth（使某人做某事），用省略to的不定式，故填stay；8.由后文对比（老鼠每秒30次，大动物约4次）可知，此处指小动物甩得更快，可用副词fast或比较级faster；9.修饰名词bodies，用形容词性物主代词their（它们的）；10.感叹句结构为How + 形容词！，修饰amazing用How，故填How。
【答案】1. to get 2. for 3. recorded 4. themselves 5. daily 6. the 7. stay 8. fast/faster 9. their 10. How
【知识点】固定搭配、动词时态、代词、冠词、感叹句
【点评】本题为科普类短文填空，侧重考查初中阶段基础语法知识，需结合语境和语法规则解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6