一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It takes about two hours (charge) the battery of this electric car fully.
2. We should take action to protect the (environmental) and reduce pollution.
3. (amazing), she finished the 1000-metre race in less than 3 minutes.
4. The old tree (survive) the terrible storm last winter and is still growing well.
5. The (desert) in the west are expanding due to climate change and human activities.
6. Food (shortage) often occur in areas affected by natural disasters.
7. People learnt to use different natural (material) for energy.
8. The machine (probable) needs to be checked by professional technicians.
9. It's known as one of (hot) areas in the world.
10. The research on natural resources (complete) by the team after three years of hard work.
11. Workers are building new (canal) to connect the two rivers and improve water transport.
12. It's (nature) for children to be curious about the world around them.

1. to charge 2. environment
3. Amazingly 4. survived
5. deserts 6. shortages
7. materials 8. probably
9. the hottest
10. was completed/has been completed
11. canals 12. natural

【分析】本题为英语用所给单词适当形式填空题，主要考查固定句型、词性转换、时态语态、名词单复数、形容词副词用法、最高级等基础语法与词汇知识。解题时需先分析每个空缺处的句子成分，再结合语法规则、语境及单词的词性变化要求，确定单词的正确形式。例如：判断空处作状语则用副词，作谓语需考虑时态，作宾语需考虑名词单复数等。
【解析】1. 考查固定句型“It takes + 时间 + to do sth”，表示“做某事花费……时间”，故填to charge；2. 动词protect后需接名词作宾语，形容词environmental的名词形式为environment，故填environment；3. 此处需用副词修饰整个句子，形容词amazing的副词形式为amazingly，句首首字母大写，故填Amazingly；4. 时间状语为last winter（去年冬天），需用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived，故填survived；5. 谓语动词为are，主语需用名词复数形式，desert的复数为deserts，故填deserts；6. 谓语动词occur为原形，主语需用名词复数，shortage的复数为shortages，故填shortages；7. different后接可数名词复数，material的复数为materials，故填materials；8. 此处需用副词修饰动词needs，形容词probable的副词形式为probably，故填probably；9. “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，hot的最高级为hottest，故填the hottest；10. 主语research与动词complete为被动关系，结合语境可使用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动语态，故填was completed/has been completed；11. 此处表示“建造新的运河”，运河为可数名词，需用复数形式canals，故填canals；12. 此处需用形容词作表语，名词nature的形容词形式为natural，故填natural。
【答案】1. to charge 2. environment 3. Amazingly 4. survived 5. deserts 6. shortages 7. materials 8. probably 9. the hottest 10. was completed/has been completed 11. canals 12. natural
【知识点】词性转换、固定句型与时态语态、名词单复数与最高级
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础词汇的词性变化及核心语法点的应用，题型常规，难度适中，能有效考查学生对初中阶段英语基础知识的掌握情况，适合作为基础巩固练习。
【难度系数】0.6

二、选词填空
energy increase underground desert rainfall shortage
1. The of fresh water has become a serious problem in this area.
2. Solar power is a kind of clean that is widely used today.
3. The heavy caused landslides(滑坡) in the mountainous region last night.
4. Few plants can grow in the because of the lack of water.
5. The sudden in temperature has affected the growth of some crops.
6. Workers are building an canal to transport water.

1. shortage 2. energy 3. rainfall
4. desert 5. increase 6. underground

【分析】
首先明确给出的6个单词的词义：energy（能源）、increase（增加/增长）、underground（地下的）、desert（沙漠）、rainfall（降雨量）、shortage（短缺）。解题时需结合每个句子的语境，分析句子所需词性，再匹配对应单词：
1. 句子表达“淡水的______是严重问题”，需名词，“短缺”符合语境；
2. 太阳能是一种清洁能源，需名词“能源”；
3. 导致滑坡的是“大雨”，对应名词“降雨量”；
4. 缺水少植物生长的地方是“沙漠”；
5. 影响作物生长的是温度的“突然升高”，对应名词“增加”；
6. 修饰运河的是形容词“地下的”，符合建地下运河运水的语境。
【解析】
1. 句意为“该地区淡水短缺已成为严重问题”，shortage（短缺）符合语境，故填shortage；
2. 句意为“太阳能是如今广泛使用的清洁能源”，energy（能源）符合，故填energy；
3. 句意为“昨晚山区的大雨导致了滑坡”，rainfall（降雨量）符合，故填rainfall；
4. 句意为“因为缺水，很少植物能在沙漠生长”，desert（沙漠）符合，故填desert；
5. 句意为“温度的突然升高影响了一些作物的生长”，increase（增加）符合，故填increase；
6. 句意为“工人们正在修建一条地下运河来运水”，underground（地下的）修饰canal，符合，故填underground。
【答案】
1. shortage 2. energy 3. rainfall 4. desert 5. increase 6. underground
【知识点】
英语选词填空，名词词义辨析，形容词用法
【点评】
本题为基础英语选词填空题，主要考查常见词汇的词义理解与语境搭配，难度较低，适合巩固基础词汇运用能力，学生需结合句子逻辑和单词含义完成匹配。
【难度系数】
0.8