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A
体裁：说明文 主题：自然景观 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率：/5
Sand, whether it's on the beach or in the desert, seems simple and the same. But in fact, there are many differences between the two types of sand. Let's explore these differences and learn about them.
Beach sand is usually made of small pieces of shells, coral, and other marine organisms(海洋生物). Over time, waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones, which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded, giving people a pleasant feeling. It's also rich in minerals(矿物) and nutrients(营养物) that come from the ocean and land around it.
Because of the minerals, beach sand can support many kinds of marine life. They live on the beach, feeding on organic matter. They are basic to the health of beach ecosystems.
Desert sand, on the other hand, is made up of tiny pieces of rock and stone that have been broken down by wind. It's usually dry and not smooth, with sharp edges that can be uncomfortable to touch. Desert sand is short of the minerals and nutrients found in beach sand, making the desert a much harder environment for life to live in.
Because of the hard environment, some plants and animals have special body structures for living in deserts. For example, cactuses have developed thick leaves to store water, while animals like camels have developed to store water in their bodies.
Beach sand and desert sand are different in their formation, shapes, and the environment they are in. Beach sand is rich in minerals and nutrients, supporting different kinds of marine life, while desert sand is dry and poor, with few plants and animals able to live there. Understanding these differences can help enjoy the unique beauty of each type of sand.
1. Why does beach sand often feel smooth and rounded?
A. Because it is made of large pieces of coral.
B. Because waves and water break it down over time.
C. Because it is rich in minerals and nutrients.
D. Because it is formed along the way from the desert.
2. Which question is answered in Paragraph 4?
A. Why is desert sand important?
B. Where do animals live in the desert?
C. How does desert sand form and feel?
D. What animals are found in the desert?
3. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 5?
A. By listing reasons.
B. By giving examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By offering suggestions.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage? (P1 = Paragraph 1...)
5. What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To describe the special beauty of sand places.
B. To introduce the challenges of living in deserts.
C. To show the differences between beach sand and desert sand.
D. To talk about the formation of both beach sand and desert sand.
体裁：说明文 主题：自然景观 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率：/5
Sand, whether it's on the beach or in the desert, seems simple and the same. But in fact, there are many differences between the two types of sand. Let's explore these differences and learn about them.
Beach sand is usually made of small pieces of shells, coral, and other marine organisms(海洋生物). Over time, waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones, which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded, giving people a pleasant feeling. It's also rich in minerals(矿物) and nutrients(营养物) that come from the ocean and land around it.
Because of the minerals, beach sand can support many kinds of marine life. They live on the beach, feeding on organic matter. They are basic to the health of beach ecosystems.
Desert sand, on the other hand, is made up of tiny pieces of rock and stone that have been broken down by wind. It's usually dry and not smooth, with sharp edges that can be uncomfortable to touch. Desert sand is short of the minerals and nutrients found in beach sand, making the desert a much harder environment for life to live in.
Because of the hard environment, some plants and animals have special body structures for living in deserts. For example, cactuses have developed thick leaves to store water, while animals like camels have developed to store water in their bodies.
Beach sand and desert sand are different in their formation, shapes, and the environment they are in. Beach sand is rich in minerals and nutrients, supporting different kinds of marine life, while desert sand is dry and poor, with few plants and animals able to live there. Understanding these differences can help enjoy the unique beauty of each type of sand.
1. Why does beach sand often feel smooth and rounded?
A. Because it is made of large pieces of coral.
B. Because waves and water break it down over time.
C. Because it is rich in minerals and nutrients.
D. Because it is formed along the way from the desert.
2. Which question is answered in Paragraph 4?
A. Why is desert sand important?
B. Where do animals live in the desert?
C. How does desert sand form and feel?
D. What animals are found in the desert?
3. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 5?
A. By listing reasons.
B. By giving examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By offering suggestions.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage? (P1 = Paragraph 1...)
5. What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To describe the special beauty of sand places.
B. To introduce the challenges of living in deserts.
C. To show the differences between beach sand and desert sand.
D. To talk about the formation of both beach sand and desert sand.
答案
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海滩沙和沙漠沙的差异，包括它们的形成、特性和对生态环境的影响等。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Over time，waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones，which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded”可知随着时间推移，海浪和流水将较大的碎片分解成较小的，形成我们看到的海滩沙，使其光滑、圆润。故选B。
2. C 段落大意题。根据第四段“Desert sand，on the other hand，is made up of tiny pieces of rock and stone that have been broken down by wind. It's usually dry and not smooth，with sharp edges that can be uncomfortable to touch.”可知本段介绍了沙漠沙如何形成和感觉如何。故选C。
3. B 写作手法题。根据第五段“For example，cactuses have developed thick leaves to store water，while animals like camels have developed to store water in their bodies.”可知本段通过列举仙人掌和骆驼的例子来说明一些动植物为适应沙漠恶劣的环境而进化出特殊身体结构，即通过举例子展开段落。故选B。
4. A 文章结构题。文章第一段总述海滩沙和沙漠沙有很多不同，引出话题；第二段介绍海滩沙的形成等；第三段进一步阐述海滩沙对海洋生态系统的作用；第四段介绍沙漠沙的形成和特性；第五段介绍沙漠动植物适应环境的方式；第六段总结两种沙在形成、形状和所处环境方面的差异，文章结构是总—分—总。故选A。
5. C 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要围绕海滩沙和沙漠沙展开，介绍了它们在形成、特性等方面的差异，由此可知作者写作的目的是展示海滩沙和沙漠沙的差异。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海滩沙和沙漠沙的差异，包括它们的形成、特性和对生态环境的影响等。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Over time，waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones，which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded”可知随着时间推移，海浪和流水将较大的碎片分解成较小的，形成我们看到的海滩沙，使其光滑、圆润。故选B。
2. C 段落大意题。根据第四段“Desert sand，on the other hand，is made up of tiny pieces of rock and stone that have been broken down by wind. It's usually dry and not smooth，with sharp edges that can be uncomfortable to touch.”可知本段介绍了沙漠沙如何形成和感觉如何。故选C。
3. B 写作手法题。根据第五段“For example，cactuses have developed thick leaves to store water，while animals like camels have developed to store water in their bodies.”可知本段通过列举仙人掌和骆驼的例子来说明一些动植物为适应沙漠恶劣的环境而进化出特殊身体结构，即通过举例子展开段落。故选B。
4. A 文章结构题。文章第一段总述海滩沙和沙漠沙有很多不同，引出话题；第二段介绍海滩沙的形成等；第三段进一步阐述海滩沙对海洋生态系统的作用；第四段介绍沙漠沙的形成和特性；第五段介绍沙漠动植物适应环境的方式；第六段总结两种沙在形成、形状和所处环境方面的差异，文章结构是总—分—总。故选A。
5. C 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要围绕海滩沙和沙漠沙展开，介绍了它们在形成、特性等方面的差异，由此可知作者写作的目的是展示海滩沙和沙漠沙的差异。故选C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于海滩沙与沙漠沙差异的说明文阅读题，解题时需根据不同题型的特点，精准定位原文对应信息：细节理解题需查找题干相关的原文语句；段落大意题需梳理段落核心内容；写作手法题需分析段落展开方式；文章结构题需把握全文逻辑布局；主旨大意题需提炼文章中心思想，从而逐一解答各题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Over time, waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones, which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded”可知，海滩沙光滑圆润是海浪和流水长期作用分解形成的，对应选项B。
2. 段落大意题：第四段围绕沙漠沙展开，介绍了沙漠沙的形成（由风分解的岩石碎片构成）和触感（干燥、不光滑、有尖锐边缘），对应选项C。
3. 写作手法题：第五段通过“For example”列举仙人掌和骆驼适应沙漠环境的例子，说明沙漠动植物的特殊结构，属于举例子的写作手法，对应选项B。
4. 文章结构题：文章第一段总述海滩沙与沙漠沙有差异，引出话题；第二至第五段分述两者的相关内容；第六段总结差异，整体为总—分—总结构，对应选项A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕海滩沙和沙漠沙的形成、特性、生态影响等差异展开，核心目的是展示两者的不同，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
【知识点】
说明文阅读、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语说明文阅读理解题，全面考查学生对细节信息、段落大意、写作手法、文章结构及主旨的理解能力，需学生具备快速定位原文、梳理文章逻辑的能力，是英语阅读的常考题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇关于海滩沙与沙漠沙差异的说明文阅读题，解题时需根据不同题型的特点，精准定位原文对应信息：细节理解题需查找题干相关的原文语句；段落大意题需梳理段落核心内容；写作手法题需分析段落展开方式；文章结构题需把握全文逻辑布局；主旨大意题需提炼文章中心思想，从而逐一解答各题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Over time, waves and the running water break these larger pieces into smaller ones, which then form the sand we see on beaches. Beach sand is often smooth and rounded”可知，海滩沙光滑圆润是海浪和流水长期作用分解形成的，对应选项B。
2. 段落大意题：第四段围绕沙漠沙展开，介绍了沙漠沙的形成（由风分解的岩石碎片构成）和触感（干燥、不光滑、有尖锐边缘），对应选项C。
3. 写作手法题：第五段通过“For example”列举仙人掌和骆驼适应沙漠环境的例子，说明沙漠动植物的特殊结构，属于举例子的写作手法，对应选项B。
4. 文章结构题：文章第一段总述海滩沙与沙漠沙有差异，引出话题；第二至第五段分述两者的相关内容；第六段总结差异，整体为总—分—总结构，对应选项A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕海滩沙和沙漠沙的形成、特性、生态影响等差异展开，核心目的是展示两者的不同，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
【知识点】
说明文阅读、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语说明文阅读理解题，全面考查学生对细节信息、段落大意、写作手法、文章结构及主旨的理解能力，需学生具备快速定位原文、梳理文章逻辑的能力，是英语阅读的常考题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
