重点短语记
1. 会被惩罚或罚款
2. 对……起作用，有影响
3. 用尽
4. 被送去工厂回收
5. 被分成不同的小组
6. 世界上最高水平的废物回收利用之一
7. 几乎不产生污染
8. 依赖它丰富的资源
9. 多亏了市民们的努力
10. 能以不同的方式处理

1. will be punished or fined
2. make a difference to
3. run out (of)
4. be sent to factories for recycling
5. be separated into different groups
6. one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world
7. produce little pollution
8. depend on its rich resources
9. thanks to the efforts of citizens
10. can be dealt with in different ways

这些是译林版八年级下册Unit 8 Reading (II)的重点短语，需掌握其英文表达，部分短语涉及被动语态，要注意被动结构的正确使用。

一、根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使短文内容完整正确
To protect our environment, we must use resources (1) (明知地). Many natural resources are limited, so we can’t waste them. For example, we should save water when washing hands and turn off lights when leaving a room.
(2) (严格的) rules also help. Governments make laws to stop people from polluting rivers or cutting down too many trees. (3) (违背) these rules harms nature.
With everyone’s effort, we can successfully protect our planet. Students can collect plastic bottles for (4) (回收利用), and families can use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. Through good resource (5) (管理) and following strict rules, we won’t break the balance of nature. Let’s start now and make our Earth greener!

1. wisely；2. Strict；3. Breaking；4. recycling；5. management

1. 此处需要副词修饰动词use，结合汉语提示“明知地”，应填wisely；2. 此处需要形容词修饰名词rules，结合汉语提示“严格的”，且位于句首首字母需大写，应填Strict；3. 此处需要动名词作主语，结合汉语提示“违背”，且位于句首首字母需大写，应填Breaking；4. 介词for后接名词，结合汉语提示“回收利用”，应填recycling；5. 此处需要名词与resource构成“资源管理”的短语，结合汉语提示“管理”，应填management。

二、根据中文提示完成下列句子
1. 人人都梦想住在一个没有污染的绿色世界。那么我们怎样能保持地球那样呢？
Everyone dreams of living in . Then what can we do ?
2. 许多政府已经制定了法律来控制污染。例如，不允许工厂把污水倾泻进河里，否则会被罚款。
Many governments . For example, factories pour waste water into the river. Otherwise, they .
3. 鼓励人们要把垃圾进行分类，以方便回收利用。
People for recycling.
4. 人们不能过度依赖自然资源。新型能源成本低廉且不产生污染。而且，它们用之不尽。
People can’t . The new types of energy . Moreover, they .
5. 明智地保护环境，这样大家都能对地球产生影响。
, and everyone can the earth!

1. a green world without pollution; to keep the earth like that
2. have made laws to control pollution; aren't allowed to; will be fined
3. are encouraged to separate waste
4. depend too much on natural resources; are low-cost and don't produce pollution; will never run out
5. Protect the environment wisely; make a difference to

1. 考查固定搭配与介词用法。“一个没有污染的绿色世界”译为a green world without pollution，without表“没有”；“保持地球那样”用to keep the earth like that，不定式在此表目的。
2. 考查现在完成时与被动语态。“已经制定法律控制污染”用现在完成时have made laws to control pollution，体现动作对现在的影响；“不被允许”用被动语态aren't allowed to；“会被罚款”用一般将来时被动语态will be fined。
3. 考查被动语态。“被鼓励做某事”用固定结构be encouraged to do sth，“分类垃圾”为separate waste，故填are encouraged to separate waste。
4. 考查固定搭配与词汇。“过度依赖”用depend too much on，“自然资源”是natural resources；“成本低廉且不产生污染”译为are low-cost and don't produce pollution；“用之不尽”用will never run out。
5. 考查祈使句与固定搭配。“明智地保护环境”用祈使句Protect the environment wisely；“对……产生影响”是固定搭配make a difference to。

三、短文填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空
Did you know that one - third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes (1) (hunger)? It takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain (单粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No 8 Middle School visited (2) exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste.
They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers, could be (3) (turn) into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土调理剂),” 13 - year - old Lu Zichen said. He (4) (add) that this conditioner can help improve the quality (质量) of the soil.
The students also learned how (5) (make) liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it (6) (him). “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days (7) (get) the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the decomposition (分解) knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is (8) (help) in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.”
Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the (9) (organize) of the activity, talked about the importance of hands - on learning. “I hope students not only focus on (聚焦于) the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge (10) practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said.

1. hungry
2. an
3. turned
4. added
5. to make
6. himself
7. to get
8. helpful
9. organizer
10. into

1. 考查固定搭配与词性转换，"go hungry"是固定表达，意为“挨饿”，此处需要形容词作表语，将名词hunger转换为形容词hungry。
2. 考查冠词用法，泛指一个展览中心，且"exhibition"以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
3. 考查被动语态，主语kitchen waste与动词turn是被动关系，情态动词could后接be+过去分词，turn的过去分词为turned。
4. 考查动词时态，根据前文的said可知句子为一般过去时，add的过去式是added。
5. 考查非谓语动词，“how to do sth”是固定结构，意为“如何做某事”，此处填to make。
6. 考查反身代词，此处指Qi Yiming亲自尝试制作，用反身代词himself。
7. 考查非谓语动词，此处用不定式表目的，说明放置几天的目的是得到肥料，故填to get。
8. 考查词性转换，be动词后接形容词作表语，将动词help转换为形容词helpful，意为“有帮助的”。
9. 考查词性转换，the后接名词，organize的名词形式organizer表示“组织者”，根据语境用单数形式。
10. 考查固定搭配，"put...into practice"是固定短语，意为“把……付诸实践”，故填into。