1. 下列算式中,结果为负数的是 (
A.$0×(-5)$
B.$4×(-0.5)×(-10)$
C.$(-3)÷2$
D.$(-1)÷(-\dfrac{1}{5})$
C
)A.$0×(-5)$
B.$4×(-0.5)×(-10)$
C.$(-3)÷2$
D.$(-1)÷(-\dfrac{1}{5})$
答案
1. C
2. 计算:
(1) $(-1 \frac{1}{2}) × (-\frac{3}{4}) ÷ (-2 \frac{1}{4})$;
(2) $18 - 6 ÷ (-2) × (-\frac{1}{3})$;
(3) $0.26 × (-34) + 0.26 × 134 + 1 \frac{1}{4} × 4$;
(4) $-5 + (1 - 0.2 ÷ \frac{3}{5}) ÷ (-2)$。
(1) $(-1 \frac{1}{2}) × (-\frac{3}{4}) ÷ (-2 \frac{1}{4})$;
(2) $18 - 6 ÷ (-2) × (-\frac{1}{3})$;
(3) $0.26 × (-34) + 0.26 × 134 + 1 \frac{1}{4} × 4$;
(4) $-5 + (1 - 0.2 ÷ \frac{3}{5}) ÷ (-2)$。
答案
2. (1) 原式$=-(\dfrac{3}{2}×\dfrac{3}{4}÷\dfrac{9}{4})=-(\dfrac{3}{2}×\dfrac{3}{4}×\dfrac{4}{9})=-\dfrac{1}{2}$;
(2) 原式$=18-(6÷2×\dfrac{1}{3})=18-(3×\dfrac{1}{3})=18-1=17$;
(3) 原式$=0.26×(134-34)+\dfrac{5}{4}×4=0.26×100+5=26+5=31$;
(4) 原式$=-5+(1-\dfrac{1}{5}×\dfrac{5}{3})÷(-2)=-5+\dfrac{2}{3}÷(-2)=-5+\dfrac{2}{3}×(-\dfrac{1}{2})=-5+(-\dfrac{1}{3})=-5\dfrac{1}{3}.$
(2) 原式$=18-(6÷2×\dfrac{1}{3})=18-(3×\dfrac{1}{3})=18-1=17$;
(3) 原式$=0.26×(134-34)+\dfrac{5}{4}×4=0.26×100+5=26+5=31$;
(4) 原式$=-5+(1-\dfrac{1}{5}×\dfrac{5}{3})÷(-2)=-5+\dfrac{2}{3}÷(-2)=-5+\dfrac{2}{3}×(-\dfrac{1}{2})=-5+(-\dfrac{1}{3})=-5\dfrac{1}{3}.$
3.用2,0,2,4这四个数进行如下运算,计算结果最大的式子是(
A.2−0×2+4
B.2−0+2×4
C.2×0+2−4
D.2+0−2×4
B
)A.2−0×2+4
B.2−0+2×4
C.2×0+2−4
D.2+0−2×4
答案
3. B 【解析】$2-0×2+4=2+4=6$,$2-0+2×4=2+8=10$,$2×0+2-4=2-4=-2$,$2+0-2×4=2-8=-6$,因为$10>6>-2>-6$,所以$2-0+2×4$最大.
4.如图,某数学活动小组编制了一道有理数混合运算题,即输入一个有理数,按照自左向右的顺序运算,可得计算结果,若输入的数为-5,则计算结果为

-12
。答案
4. -12 【解析】根据题意,得$(-5)×(-\dfrac{1}{2})÷(-\dfrac{1}{4})+3-5=-10+3-5=-12.$
5. 用正负数表示气温的变化量,上升为正,下降为负. 登山时,每登高1 000 m气温的变化量为$-6\ °\mathrm{C}$. 七(2)班几位同学约好去登山,同一时间,得知山顶气温为$-1\ °\mathrm{C}$,山脚的气温为$2.5\ °\mathrm{C}$. 这座山的高度为多少米?(结果精确到1 m)
答案
5. 【解】根据题意,得$[2.5-(-1)]÷6×1000=3.5÷6×1000≈583(\mathrm{m}).$ 故这座山的高度约为583 m.
6. 用常规方法计算$\frac{1}{60}÷(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3})$时比较麻烦. 聪聪想了一个办法:先将该式的除式与被除式颠倒位置,算出$(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3})÷\frac{1}{60}=(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3})×60=23$后,再利用倒数关系求出$\frac{1}{60}÷(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3})=\frac{1}{23}$. 你认为聪聪的解法正确吗? 若正确,请用这种方法计算:$(-\frac{1}{30})÷(\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{2}{5})$.
答案
6. 【解】正确.
$(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})÷(-\dfrac{1}{30})=(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})×(-30)=-20+3+(-5)+12=-10.$
因为$(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})÷(-\dfrac{1}{30})$与$(-\dfrac{1}{30})÷(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})$互为倒数,所以$(-\dfrac{1}{30})÷(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})=-\dfrac{1}{10}.$
$(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})÷(-\dfrac{1}{30})=(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})×(-30)=-20+3+(-5)+12=-10.$
因为$(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})÷(-\dfrac{1}{30})$与$(-\dfrac{1}{30})÷(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})$互为倒数,所以$(-\dfrac{1}{30})÷(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{2}{5})=-\dfrac{1}{10}.$
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