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五、阅读理解。(2024·江苏南通通州区期末)
Dogs really are man's best friends. A new study shows that dogs can smell if a person is feeling stressed (有压力的).
They can smell the difference in breath (呼吸) and sweat (汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not. It could be 93.75% right!
A study from scientists at Queen's University Belfast, the UK, said this. Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate (心率), blood pressure (血压) and stress level (压力水平) in the study. The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site *Kids News*.
"Stress changes people's breath and sweat. Dogs can smell that change," said the study's writer Clara Wilson. In the study, she also said this finding helps us understand how dogs may know people's thoughts and feelings.
(
A. By making friends with people.
B. By smelling people's breath and sweat.
C. By working with people for a long time.
D. By watching people do maths problems.
(
A. Over 700 people took part in it.
B. High school students in the UK did it.
C. It used dogs from Australia.
D. It helped people be friendly with dogs.
(
A. The dogs.
B. The students.
C. The scientists.
D. The schools.
Dogs really are man's best friends. A new study shows that dogs can smell if a person is feeling stressed (有压力的).
They can smell the difference in breath (呼吸) and sweat (汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not. It could be 93.75% right!
A study from scientists at Queen's University Belfast, the UK, said this. Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate (心率), blood pressure (血压) and stress level (压力水平) in the study. The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site *Kids News*.
"Stress changes people's breath and sweat. Dogs can smell that change," said the study's writer Clara Wilson. In the study, she also said this finding helps us understand how dogs may know people's thoughts and feelings.
(
B
)1. How can dogs tell whether people are stressed or not?A. By making friends with people.
B. By smelling people's breath and sweat.
C. By working with people for a long time.
D. By watching people do maths problems.
(
A
)2. What do we know about the study?A. Over 700 people took part in it.
B. High school students in the UK did it.
C. It used dogs from Australia.
D. It helped people be friendly with dogs.
(
C
)3. What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)?A. The dogs.
B. The students.
C. The scientists.
D. The schools.
答案
1. B 【点拨】根据“They can smell the difference in breath(呼吸) and sweat(汗液) from people. Then they can tell if people are stressed or not. It could be 93.75% right!”可知,它们是通过闻人们的呼吸和汗水来判断的。故选B。
2. A 【点拨】根据“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site Kids News.”可知,超过700人参加了这项研究。故选A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate(心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study.”可知,they指代的是“scientists(科学家们)”。故选C。
2. A 【点拨】根据“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site Kids News.”可知,超过700人参加了这项研究。故选A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate(心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study.”可知,they指代的是“scientists(科学家们)”。故选C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇初中英语细节类阅读理解题，解题思路很清晰：首先通读题干明确每道题的提问方向，带着问题返回原文定位对应的语句，逐一核对选项和原文信息是否匹配即可。第一题询问狗狗判断人是否有压力的方式，直接定位到介绍狗狗判断原理的段落找对应描述；第二题需要逐个验证选项和研究相关的原文信息，排除错误表述选出正确项；第三题是代词指代题，找到划线词前最近的核心复数主语，结合动作逻辑就能判断指代对象。
【解析】
1. 第一题：定位原文第二段内容“They can smell the difference in breath (呼吸) and sweat (汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not.”，可知狗狗是通过嗅闻人类的呼吸和汗液来判断人是否处于压力状态，A选项“和人类交朋友”、C选项“和人类长时间共事”、D选项“观看人类做数学题”均不符合原文表述，因此选B。
2. 第二题：定位原文第三段最后一句“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time”，可知本次研究总共有720人参与，人数超过700，A选项表述正确；B选项该研究是英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的科学家完成的，并非英国高中生开展，表述错误；C选项文中仅提到澳大利亚新闻网站Kids News报道了该研究，没有说明实验所用的狗来自澳大利亚，表述错误；D选项该研究的意义是帮助人类理解狗狗如何感知人的想法和情绪，并非帮助人们对狗更友好，表述错误，因此选A。
3. 第三题：划线词They所在句的前一句主语是Scientists，句意为“科学家收集了人们完成困难数学题前后的呼吸和汗液样本，他们在研究中观测人们的心率、血压和压力水平”，从动作逻辑来看，观测生理指标的主体就是前文提到的科学家，因此They指代科学家，选C。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析
【点评】
本题属于低难度的说明类阅读题，所有题目答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据，主要考察学生的原文信息查找能力，只要养成返回原文定位验证的做题习惯，避免主观臆断，就能轻松选出正确答案，适合用来巩固基础阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.85
这是一篇初中英语细节类阅读理解题，解题思路很清晰：首先通读题干明确每道题的提问方向，带着问题返回原文定位对应的语句，逐一核对选项和原文信息是否匹配即可。第一题询问狗狗判断人是否有压力的方式，直接定位到介绍狗狗判断原理的段落找对应描述；第二题需要逐个验证选项和研究相关的原文信息，排除错误表述选出正确项；第三题是代词指代题，找到划线词前最近的核心复数主语，结合动作逻辑就能判断指代对象。
【解析】
1. 第一题：定位原文第二段内容“They can smell the difference in breath (呼吸) and sweat (汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not.”，可知狗狗是通过嗅闻人类的呼吸和汗液来判断人是否处于压力状态，A选项“和人类交朋友”、C选项“和人类长时间共事”、D选项“观看人类做数学题”均不符合原文表述，因此选B。
2. 第二题：定位原文第三段最后一句“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time”，可知本次研究总共有720人参与，人数超过700，A选项表述正确；B选项该研究是英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的科学家完成的，并非英国高中生开展，表述错误；C选项文中仅提到澳大利亚新闻网站Kids News报道了该研究，没有说明实验所用的狗来自澳大利亚，表述错误；D选项该研究的意义是帮助人类理解狗狗如何感知人的想法和情绪，并非帮助人们对狗更友好，表述错误，因此选A。
3. 第三题：划线词They所在句的前一句主语是Scientists，句意为“科学家收集了人们完成困难数学题前后的呼吸和汗液样本，他们在研究中观测人们的心率、血压和压力水平”，从动作逻辑来看，观测生理指标的主体就是前文提到的科学家，因此They指代科学家，选C。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析
【点评】
本题属于低难度的说明类阅读题，所有题目答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据，主要考察学生的原文信息查找能力，只要养成返回原文定位验证的做题习惯，避免主观臆断，就能轻松选出正确答案，适合用来巩固基础阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.85
