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四、(2025·苏州高新区期末)阅读理解。〔人与自然——宠物饲养与生态平衡〕
Dogs are the most popular pets in the world. They make us happier and healthier, but scientists have found that they can also harm the environment in some ways.
One main trouble is dog waste. Unlike wild animals that live on natural food, pet dogs eat processed food, so their waste can pollute soil and water. When left on the ground, dog poop(排泄物)washes into rivers during rain, spreading something harmful to the environment. In cities, dog waste is one of the top causes of water pollution.
In some natural areas, dogs also cause problems. Studies show that when dogs walk through forests, the number of birds and small animals becomes smaller. The smell and sounds of dogs can make wild animals avoid these areas. Some even leave their babies behind. In countries like Australia, pet dogs have hurt or killed local animals, including rare penguins(企鹅). This is bad for nature because many plants need these animals to help them grow and spread their seeds(种子).
There are over 700 million pet dogs worldwide, and their large numbers are making things worse. The problem isn't dogs themselves, but how people look after them without thinking about nature.
Since dogs will always be our important family members, we need to find ways to enjoy the time with them while also protecting the environment. Simple actions like cleaning up after our pets and keeping them away from special natural areas can make a big difference. Since we share the earth with many other living things, it's our responsibility(责任)to keep it safe for everyone.
1. What does the underlined word "processed" probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Found in nature.
B. Freshly cooked.
C. Made in factories.
D. Prepared at home.
2. What happens when dogs walk through forests?
A. They help plants spread their seeds.
B. Dogs kill some wild animals for food.
C. Birds and small animals become more active.
D. Wild animals are afraid of dogs and they run away or hide.
3. What is mentioned in the passage about dogs and the environment?
A. Dogs can help protect nature in some ways.
B. Dogs sometimes leave their babies behind in natural areas.
C. Dog waste washes into rivers and pollutes water when it rains.
D. It's hard for dog owners to take action to protect the environment.
4. What is the writer's attitude(态度)towards keeping dogs as pets?
A. Strongly disapproving.
B. Supportive but careful.
C. Not interested.
D. Fully supportive.
Dogs are the most popular pets in the world. They make us happier and healthier, but scientists have found that they can also harm the environment in some ways.
One main trouble is dog waste. Unlike wild animals that live on natural food, pet dogs eat processed food, so their waste can pollute soil and water. When left on the ground, dog poop(排泄物)washes into rivers during rain, spreading something harmful to the environment. In cities, dog waste is one of the top causes of water pollution.
In some natural areas, dogs also cause problems. Studies show that when dogs walk through forests, the number of birds and small animals becomes smaller. The smell and sounds of dogs can make wild animals avoid these areas. Some even leave their babies behind. In countries like Australia, pet dogs have hurt or killed local animals, including rare penguins(企鹅). This is bad for nature because many plants need these animals to help them grow and spread their seeds(种子).
There are over 700 million pet dogs worldwide, and their large numbers are making things worse. The problem isn't dogs themselves, but how people look after them without thinking about nature.
Since dogs will always be our important family members, we need to find ways to enjoy the time with them while also protecting the environment. Simple actions like cleaning up after our pets and keeping them away from special natural areas can make a big difference. Since we share the earth with many other living things, it's our responsibility(责任)to keep it safe for everyone.
1. What does the underlined word "processed" probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Found in nature.
B. Freshly cooked.
C. Made in factories.
D. Prepared at home.
2. What happens when dogs walk through forests?
A. They help plants spread their seeds.
B. Dogs kill some wild animals for food.
C. Birds and small animals become more active.
D. Wild animals are afraid of dogs and they run away or hide.
3. What is mentioned in the passage about dogs and the environment?
A. Dogs can help protect nature in some ways.
B. Dogs sometimes leave their babies behind in natural areas.
C. Dog waste washes into rivers and pollutes water when it rains.
D. It's hard for dog owners to take action to protect the environment.
4. What is the writer's attitude(态度)towards keeping dogs as pets?
A. Strongly disapproving.
B. Supportive but careful.
C. Not interested.
D. Fully supportive.
答案
四、1~4. CDCB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕宠物饲养与生态平衡主题的阅读理解，4道题覆盖词义猜测、细节理解、信息比对、作者态度推断四类阅读常考题型。解题时先通读全文把握核心内容：文章介绍了宠物狗对环境造成的两类负面影响，同时指出养宠人可以通过简单行动兼顾养宠乐趣和生态保护。做每道题时先根据题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，逐一比对选项和原文表述，排除错误干扰项即可得到正确答案：第1题词义猜测先定位第二段，对比野生天然食物的属性推导划线词的含义；第2题定位第三段查找狗进入森林后的具体影响；第3题逐一核对四个选项的表述是否在原文有对应依据；第4题结合首尾段作者的表述判断其对养宠物的整体态度。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，前文提到野生动物以天然食物为食，和宠物狗的食物形成鲜明对比，processed food指工业加工的宠物食品，是工厂生产制造出来的，和天然食物属性完全不同。A选项“自然界中发现的”对应野生动物的天然食物，B选项“新鲜烹制的”、D选项“在家准备的”都不符合宠物商业加工粮的属性，因此选C。
2. 第2题：定位第三段，原文提到狗在森林里穿行时，狗的气味和声音会让野生动物主动避开这些区域，部分野生动物甚至会丢下幼崽，完全对应D选项“野生动物害怕狗，会逃跑或者躲藏”。A选项是野生植物需要小型野生动物帮忙传播种子，和狗无关；B选项文中没有提到狗为获取食物猎杀野生动物，仅提到澳大利亚的宠物狗伤害本地动物；C选项和原文提到的鸟类和小型动物数量变少的表述完全相反，排除ABC，选D。
3. 第3题：逐一比对选项：A选项文中仅提到狗会在某些方面危害环境，没有提到狗能帮助保护环境，表述错误；B选项原文是受狗惊扰的野生动物丢下幼崽，不是狗丢下自己的幼崽，属于细节偷换，表述错误；C选项对应第二段“下雨时留在地面的狗排泄物冲进河流，污染水源”，完全符合原文表述；D选项原文提到清理排泄物、远离特殊自然区都是非常简单的行动，并没有说养宠人很难采取环保行动，表述错误。因此选C。
4. 第4题：作者开篇提到狗让人们更快乐健康，结尾明确说明狗永远是我们重要的家庭成员，说明作者支持养宠物；同时作者也指出养宠时要注意采取行动保护环境，兼顾生态平衡，因此态度是支持养宠但要注意环保约束，对应B选项“支持但需谨慎”。A强烈反对、C不感兴趣、D完全支持都不符合作者的完整表述，选B。
【答案】
1~4. CDCB
【知识点】
词义猜测解题技巧，细节信息定位查找，作者态度推断
【点评】
本题贴合新课标“人与自然”的主题语境，选材贴近日常养宠的生活实际，引导学生反思日常行为对生态环境的影响，考点覆盖初中英语阅读核心题型，干扰项多设置为细节偷换类错误，只要学生能准确定位原文对应内容，仔细比对选项和原文的差异就能顺利得分，同时兼具知识性和思想引导性。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕宠物饲养与生态平衡主题的阅读理解，4道题覆盖词义猜测、细节理解、信息比对、作者态度推断四类阅读常考题型。解题时先通读全文把握核心内容：文章介绍了宠物狗对环境造成的两类负面影响，同时指出养宠人可以通过简单行动兼顾养宠乐趣和生态保护。做每道题时先根据题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，逐一比对选项和原文表述，排除错误干扰项即可得到正确答案：第1题词义猜测先定位第二段，对比野生天然食物的属性推导划线词的含义；第2题定位第三段查找狗进入森林后的具体影响；第3题逐一核对四个选项的表述是否在原文有对应依据；第4题结合首尾段作者的表述判断其对养宠物的整体态度。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，前文提到野生动物以天然食物为食，和宠物狗的食物形成鲜明对比，processed food指工业加工的宠物食品，是工厂生产制造出来的，和天然食物属性完全不同。A选项“自然界中发现的”对应野生动物的天然食物，B选项“新鲜烹制的”、D选项“在家准备的”都不符合宠物商业加工粮的属性，因此选C。
2. 第2题：定位第三段，原文提到狗在森林里穿行时，狗的气味和声音会让野生动物主动避开这些区域，部分野生动物甚至会丢下幼崽，完全对应D选项“野生动物害怕狗，会逃跑或者躲藏”。A选项是野生植物需要小型野生动物帮忙传播种子，和狗无关；B选项文中没有提到狗为获取食物猎杀野生动物，仅提到澳大利亚的宠物狗伤害本地动物；C选项和原文提到的鸟类和小型动物数量变少的表述完全相反，排除ABC，选D。
3. 第3题：逐一比对选项：A选项文中仅提到狗会在某些方面危害环境，没有提到狗能帮助保护环境，表述错误；B选项原文是受狗惊扰的野生动物丢下幼崽，不是狗丢下自己的幼崽，属于细节偷换，表述错误；C选项对应第二段“下雨时留在地面的狗排泄物冲进河流，污染水源”，完全符合原文表述；D选项原文提到清理排泄物、远离特殊自然区都是非常简单的行动，并没有说养宠人很难采取环保行动，表述错误。因此选C。
4. 第4题：作者开篇提到狗让人们更快乐健康，结尾明确说明狗永远是我们重要的家庭成员，说明作者支持养宠物；同时作者也指出养宠时要注意采取行动保护环境，兼顾生态平衡，因此态度是支持养宠但要注意环保约束，对应B选项“支持但需谨慎”。A强烈反对、C不感兴趣、D完全支持都不符合作者的完整表述，选B。
【答案】
1~4. CDCB
【知识点】
词义猜测解题技巧，细节信息定位查找，作者态度推断
【点评】
本题贴合新课标“人与自然”的主题语境，选材贴近日常养宠的生活实际，引导学生反思日常行为对生态环境的影响，考点覆盖初中英语阅读核心题型，干扰项多设置为细节偷换类错误，只要学生能准确定位原文对应内容，仔细比对选项和原文的差异就能顺利得分，同时兼具知识性和思想引导性。
【难度系数】
0.7
