Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
science history invent physics think
1. It is said that Mozi was the of the kite.
2. A studies old objects to find out what happened long ago.
3. Many young people dream of becoming like Einstein and Newton.
4. Confucius is widely known as one of the most influential in Chinese history.
5. Isaac Newton, a great , used physics to explain why apples fell from the trees.

1. inventor
2. historian
3. scientists
4. thinkers
5. physicist

【分析】
首先通读每个句子，判断空格处所需的词性（均为表示身份的名词）；再结合方框内的单词，根据语境进行词性转换：1. 墨子是风筝的发明者，需用invent的名词形式；2. 研究旧物体的是历史学家，需用history的名词形式；3. 像爱因斯坦的是科学家，需用science的复数形式；4. 孔子是思想家，one of后接名词复数，用think的复数名词；5. 牛顿是物理学家，需用physics的名词形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：据说墨子是风筝的发明者。invent的名词形式为inventor，意为“发明者”，符合语境，故填inventor。
2. 句意：历史学家研究旧物体以了解很久以前发生的事。history的名词形式historian，意为“历史学家”，符合语境，故填historian。
3. 句意：很多年轻人梦想成为像爱因斯坦和牛顿那样的科学家。science的名词形式scientist，此处指一类人，用复数scientists，故填scientists。
4. 句意：孔子被广泛认为是中国历史上最有影响力的思想家之一。one of后接可数名词复数，think的名词形式thinker，复数为thinkers，意为“思想家”，符合语境，故填thinkers。
5. 句意：伟大的物理学家艾萨克·牛顿用物理学解释苹果为什么从树上掉落。physics的名词形式physicist，意为“物理学家”，符合语境，故填physicist。
【答案】
1. inventor
2. historian
3. scientists
4. thinkers
5. physicist
【知识点】
英语词汇变形；名词构词法
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的词性转换，要求学生结合句子语境判断所需的身份类名词，注意单复数变化规则，属于初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅱ. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
discover pioneer explore research whether leave behind look up to
Tu Youyou is a 1. in modern medicine. She never gave up 2. working in a small, poorly equipped lab or testing herbs(中草药) for months without any results. Through years of careful scientific 3. , she finally discovered artemisinin, a treatment for malaria, with her team. This 4. has saved millions of lives around the world and made her the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in 2015. And what she chose to 5. was not wealth or awards, but a clear path for the next generation(一代) of 6. . Many young people 7. her as a role model. Her determination and hard work continue to inspire us.

1. pioneer
2. whether
3. research
4. discovery
5. leave behind
6. explorers
7. look up to

【解析】
1. 不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，结合语境“屠呦呦是现代医学领域的______”，pioneer（先驱）符合语义，故填pioneer。
2. 固定搭配whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”，符合“无论是在设备简陋的小实验室工作还是数月测试中草药毫无结果，她都从未放弃”的语境，故填whether。
3. 形容词scientific后接名词，结合语境“经过多年认真的科学______”，research（研究）符合语义，故填research。
4. 指示代词This后接名词，结合前文“她和团队发现了青蒿素”，此处表示“这项发现拯救了全球数百万人的生命”，需将动词discover变为名词形式discovery，故填discovery。
5. 固定结构choose to do sth.后接动词原形，结合语境“她选择______的不是财富和奖项，而是为下一代铺就清晰的道路”，leave behind（留下）符合语义，故填leave behind。
6. 介词of后接名词，结合语境“为下一代______铺就清晰的道路”，此处表示“探索者”，需将动词explore变为表示身份的名词explorer，且用复数形式explorers指代群体，故填explorers。
7. 主语Many young people后接谓语，结合语境“许多年轻人______她为榜样”，look up to（钦佩、敬仰）符合语义，句子为一般现在时，用动词原形，故填look up to。
【答案】
1. pioneer
2. whether
3. research
4. discovery
5. leave behind
6. explorers
7. look up to
【知识点】
词形转换；固定搭配；语境选词
【点评】
本题以屠呦呦的事迹为语料，考查词汇在语境中的正确运用，需要结合句子结构、固定搭配判断所需词汇的形式，既检验词汇掌握程度，也传递正向价值引导。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅲ. Read and complete the tasks.
A. Complete the passage with correct sentences. There is one extra option.
To me, one of the most inspiring people in my life is my mother. She is not famous, and she has never won any big awards. 1.
My mother works as a nurse in a small hospital. 2. But she never complains. Whether she is caring for a patient with a high fever or comforting an old man who feels lonely, she always does her job with a warm heart. I remember one winter night, she got a call from the hospital and had to go back to work in the middle of a heavy snowstorm. She didn’t hesitate. That was just like her—always putting others first.
3. She always listens to me and encourages me when I fail an exam. She never shouts or gets angry easily. Instead, she teaches me to be patient and to understand others. 4.
My mother may never appear in a history book, but her example lives on in me.

A. It is usual for her to work long hours.
B. It is said that she is the most popular in the hospital.
C. But above all, she is a person of kindness and strength.
D. Her kindness is not only for strangers but also for our family.
E. It is kind of her to see the good in people, even when they make mistakes.
B. Answer the questions.
()1. How does the writer show her mother’s kindness?
A. By using what she says.
B. By giving detailed facts.
C. By describing her childhood.
D. By comparing her with others.
()2. What does the writer mean by saying “her example lives on in me” in the last paragraph?
A. The writer will remember her mother’s stories forever.
B. The writer wants to become a nurse just like her mother.
C. The writer tries to follow her mother’s way of treating others.
D. The writer believes her mother will become a famous woman.

A.
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. E
B.
1. B
2. C
C. One possible version: She inspires me every day. I want to be a person like her—someone who brings warmth and help to others.

【分析】
首先处理A部分的句子填空，需结合上下文逻辑关系：第1空前文提到妈妈不著名、无大奖，后文要转折引出妈妈的核心品质，对应选项C；第2空前文说明妈妈是护士，后文说她从不抱怨，对应选项A（长时间工作是护士的常态）；第3空后文讲述妈妈对作者的关心，对应选项D（妈妈对家人的善意）；第4空后文是对妈妈品质的总结，对应选项E。B部分选择题：第1题考查写作手法，作者通过雪夜上班、鼓励作者等具体事例展现妈妈的善良，选B；第2题考查句意理解，“her example lives on in me”指作者会效仿妈妈对待他人的方式，选C。
【解析】
A部分：
1. 第1空：前文说妈妈不著名、无大奖，后文转折讲她的品质，选项C“但最重要的是，她是一个善良且坚强的人”符合逻辑，故选C。
2. 第2空：前文点明妈妈是护士，后文说她从不抱怨，选项A“对她来说长时间工作是常事”承接护士工作特点，符合语境，故选A。
3. 第3空：后文讲妈妈对作者的鼓励与耐心，选项D“她的善意不仅给陌生人，也给家人”衔接对家人的善意，符合上下文，故选D。
4. 第4空：后文是对妈妈品质的进一步总结，选项E“即使别人犯错，她也能看到其优点，这是她的善良”符合总结语境，故选E。
B部分：
1. 第1题：作者通过雪夜回医院工作、鼓励作者等具体事例展现妈妈的善良，写作手法是给出详细事实，故选B。
2. 第2题：“her example lives on in me”意为妈妈的榜样在作者身上延续，即作者会效仿妈妈对待他人的方式，故选C。
【答案】
A. 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.E；B.1.B 2.C；C. One possible version: She inspires me every day. I want to be a person like her—someone who brings warmth and help to others.
【知识点】
英语阅读补全、英语阅读理解、英语单项选择
【点评】
本题考查学生的英语阅读逻辑分析、细节理解及写作表达能力，贴合初中英语常见考点，题型典型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6