一、根据句意及首字母提示填写单词
1. Don't be a of making mistakes. It's part of learning.
2. 前沿科技智能制造 AI technology has been more and more popular s 2022.
3. I miss my parents so much. I'll be g to see them again.
4. The g of success won't open easily if we don't work hard.
5. Let's go to Kunming for vacation. It's neither too hot n too cold there.

1. afraid 2. since 3. glad 4. gate 5. nor

【分析】
本题为根据句意及首字母提示填写单词的题型，解题思路是先通读每个句子理解语境，再结合首字母联想符合语境的单词，同时注意英语中的固定短语、常用搭配以及连词、介词的用法，确保填写的单词符合语法和语义逻辑。
【解析】
1. 句意：不要害怕犯错，这是学习的一部分。固定短语be afraid of意为“害怕”，结合首字母a，故填afraid。
2. 句意：前沿科技智能制造AI技术自2022年以来越来越受欢迎。since后接时间点表示“自……以来”，符合语境，首字母为s，故填since。
3. 句意：我非常想念父母，再次见到他们我会很高兴。固定短语be glad to do sth意为“很高兴做某事”，首字母为g，故填glad。
4. 句意：如果我们不努力，成功的大门不会轻易打开。gate意为“大门”，符合“成功的大门”的语境，首字母为g，故填gate。
5. 句意：我们去昆明度假吧，那里既不太热也不太冷。固定搭配neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，首字母为n，故填nor。
【答案】
1. afraid 2. since 3. glad 4. gate 5. nor
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、词汇运用、介词与连词用法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇及常用固定搭配的运用，属于英语基础题型，难度较低，学生只需掌握常见短语含义、词汇语义，结合语境和首字母提示即可完成作答，侧重考查日常英语知识的积累。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6. I read an article about black (hole) in the newspaper, and they are amazing.
7. Little Tom (shout) to his father for help when he hurt himself.
8. She kept (knock) on the door but nobody answered.
9. The government has (build) many houses in my hometown for people to live in.
10. Our school is not very big but is as beautiful as (they).

6. holes 7. shouted 8. knocking 9. built 10. theirs

【分析】
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题，需结合词性、时态、固定搭配、物主代词等基础语法知识点解题：
1. 第6题：形容词后接名词，结合后文指代复数的代词确定名词形式；
2. 第7题：时间状语从句时态决定主句时态，需用动词过去式；
3. 第8题：考查固定搭配，动词需用动名词形式；
4. 第9题：现在完成时结构要求动词用过去分词；
5. 第10题：需用名词性物主代词指代前文的“学校”，避免重复。
【解析】
6. 名词复数：hole是可数名词，根据后文指代复数的“they”，需用复数形式，故填holes；
7. 一般过去时：从句“when he hurt himself”为过去时态，主句需用一般过去时，shout的过去式为shouted，故填shouted；
8. 固定搭配：keep doing sth是固定用法，意为“一直做某事”，knock的动名词为knocking，故填knocking；
9. 现在完成时：结构为“has+动词过去分词”，build的过去分词为built，故填built；
10. 名词性物主代词：此处需指代“他们的学校”，用名词性物主代词theirs（相当于their school），故填theirs。
【答案】
6. holes 7. shouted 8. knocking 9. built 10. theirs
【知识点】
名词复数、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查初中英语核心基础语法，涵盖名词变形、动词时态、固定搭配及物主代词，题型常规，侧重基础规则的应用，是学生需熟练掌握的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、根据汉语意思完成句子
11. 从那时开始, 他们就过着幸福的生活。
, they have lived a happy life.
12. 工人们拆毁了那座旧楼房来建一个新公园。
The workers that old building to build a new park.
13. 乡村风光太美了, 所以他决定再多待一星期。
The rural scenery was he decided to stay one more week.
14. 当我路过公园时, 我听到一些老人正在唱京剧。
When I the park, I some old people Beijing Opera.
15. 她从没去过巴黎, 她哥哥也没去过。
She has never been to Paris; .

11. Since then 12. knocked down 13. so beautiful that
14. walked past; heard; singing 15. nor has her brother

【分析】
11题：句子时态为现在完成时，“从那时开始”是现在完成时的常用时间状语，对应固定短语Since then；12题：“拆毁”的固定短语为knock down，句子描述过去动作，需用过去式；13题：考查“太…以至于…”的结果状语从句结构so+形容词+that；14题：“路过”对应固定短语walk past，过去式为walked past，“听到某人正在做某事”是hear sb doing sth，过去式用heard，“唱”用sing的动名词形式singing；15题：前面是否定句，表达“…也不”需用nor引导的倒装结构，结合前面的助动词has完成。
【解析】
11题：根据汉语“从那时开始”及句子现在完成时的时态，选用固定短语Since then，符合语境；12题：“拆毁”的固定短语为knock down，句子动作发生在过去，故用过去式knocked down；13题：结果状语从句的固定结构为so+形容词+that+从句，“美”对应beautiful，因此填so beautiful that；14题：“路过”的固定短语walk past的过去式为walked past；“听到某人正在做某事”是固定搭配hear sb doing sth，句子为过去时，故用heard，“唱”用sing的动名词形式singing；15题：当前面句子为否定句，表达“…也不”时，使用倒装结构“nor+助动词+主语”，前面助动词为has，因此填nor has her brother。
【答案】
11. Since then 12. knocked down 13. so beautiful that 14. walked past; heard; singing 15. nor has her brother
【知识点】
固定短语、结果状语从句、倒装句
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，主要考查常用固定搭配、句型及语法结构，难度较低，侧重考查学生对核心知识点的掌握情况。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、 ★★ [立德树人 品德修养]阅读理解
主题:人与社会——社会服务人际沟通 学科素养:学习能力 词数:约270 建议用时:6分钟
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. Do you know how I find a good friend? I look for certain qualities such as understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).

Most important of all, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not always look for mistakes in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I am in trouble, he will do his best to help me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. A good friend likes the same things as I like. We share experience (经验) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too.
() 16. What does “fair-weather friends” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. 天气好时认识的朋友 B. 能带来好天气的朋友
C. 不能患难与共的朋友 D. 公平的朋友
() 17. What do good friends need to do?
A. Always point out each other’s mistakes. B. Be helped with money.
C. Share experience and learn from each other. D. Have money or luck.
() 18. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. The qualities of a friend B. Where to choose friends
C. How to get along with friends D. The importance of having a friend

答案速查 16.C 17.C 18.A
【主旨大意】本文介绍了交友的原则——性格品质。
16. C【点拨】词义猜测题。根据“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away.”可知，只要你有钱或运气好，他们就会和你在一起，但当你情绪低落时，他们就会逃离。据此猜测：这是指“不能患难与共的朋友”。故选C。
17. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据第五段中“A good friend likes the same things as I like. We share experience and learn from each other.”可知，我们分享经验，互相学习。故选C。
18. A【点拨】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了朋友的品质，故A项符合本文的主旨大意。

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意三类题型。解题时，16题需结合上下文语境分析“fair-weather friends”的含义，抓住其“顺境相伴、逆境逃离”的特点；17题需定位原文对应句子提取关键信息；18题需通读全文总结核心内容确定主旨。
【解析】16. 根据第一段中“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away.”可知，这类朋友只在你有钱或运气好时陪伴，失意时就离开，即不能患难与共的朋友，故选C。
17. 根据第五段中“A good friend likes the same things as I like. We share experience and learn from each other.”可知，好朋友需要分享经验、互相学习，故选C。
18. 全文围绕好朋友应具备的品质（理解、诚实、可靠、能共同玩乐）展开，核心是介绍朋友的品质，故选A。
【答案】16.C 17.C 18.A
【知识点】词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，涵盖词义、细节、主旨的理解，需结合原文信息分析，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5