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二、阅读理解
2025无锡锡山期末People have been facing the problem of finding clean energy for a long time. More than a hundred years ago, people started placing turbines涡轮 in rivers. The moving water turned the turbines and produced power. More recently, companies have begun using the power of the wind to provide electrical energy. Both of them avoid the use of fossil fuels and help build a cleaner environment.
In the past few years, however, another energy can be chosen on the coasts of the United States. People there now want to use the power of the rise and fall of ocean water each day. Like wind power, tidal power provides very clean energy.
Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable可预测的 and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.
In some ways, tidal turbines are very similar to those used to make electricity from wind. For example, both types of turbines must have a very heavy foundation. Wind turbines need them because they are very tall and might fall over in high winds. Tidal turbines need them because they are placed in narrow openings on the ocean floor. In these places, the force of the moving water is very strong.
In other ways, the two types of turbines are quite different. The blades桨叶 of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.
A company built some model turbines for its project in New York City's East River. When they put the turbines into the river, the blades broke off at once. The company had to design new, stronger blades before the project could continue.
1. What can we learn about tidal power according to the text?
A. Tidal power is cheap to produce.
B. Tidal power works in any place.
C. Tidal power doesn't need turbines.
D. Tidal power needs stronger blades.
2. The following sentence "However, it does have one big advantage over wind power. " can be best placed at the beginning of ______ .
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
3. How is the passage organized?
A. By explaining events in time order.
B. By offering problems and advice.
C. By describing two different types of energy.
D. By describing the use of fossil fuels.
4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The history of clean energy
B. Fossil fuels vs clean energy
C. How turbines work in rivers and oceans
D. Tidal energy: a better choice than wind power
2025无锡锡山期末People have been facing the problem of finding clean energy for a long time. More than a hundred years ago, people started placing turbines涡轮 in rivers. The moving water turned the turbines and produced power. More recently, companies have begun using the power of the wind to provide electrical energy. Both of them avoid the use of fossil fuels and help build a cleaner environment.
In the past few years, however, another energy can be chosen on the coasts of the United States. People there now want to use the power of the rise and fall of ocean water each day. Like wind power, tidal power provides very clean energy.
Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable可预测的 and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.
In some ways, tidal turbines are very similar to those used to make electricity from wind. For example, both types of turbines must have a very heavy foundation. Wind turbines need them because they are very tall and might fall over in high winds. Tidal turbines need them because they are placed in narrow openings on the ocean floor. In these places, the force of the moving water is very strong.
In other ways, the two types of turbines are quite different. The blades桨叶 of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.
A company built some model turbines for its project in New York City's East River. When they put the turbines into the river, the blades broke off at once. The company had to design new, stronger blades before the project could continue.
1. What can we learn about tidal power according to the text?
A. Tidal power is cheap to produce.
B. Tidal power works in any place.
C. Tidal power doesn't need turbines.
D. Tidal power needs stronger blades.
2. The following sentence "However, it does have one big advantage over wind power. " can be best placed at the beginning of ______ .
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
3. How is the passage organized?
A. By explaining events in time order.
B. By offering problems and advice.
C. By describing two different types of energy.
D. By describing the use of fossil fuels.
4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The history of clean energy
B. Fossil fuels vs clean energy
C. How turbines work in rivers and oceans
D. Tidal energy: a better choice than wind power
答案
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了两种发电方式:风力发电和潮汐发电,以及它们的优缺点。
1. D 提示:细节理解题。根据最后一段中"The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine."可知,潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多。由此可推知,潮汐发电需要更坚固的桨叶。
2. B 提示:推理判断题。根据第三段中"Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day."可推断出,潮汐发电优于风力发电。由此推知,题干中的句子"然而,与风能相比,它确实有一个巨大的优势。"适合放在第三段开头。
3. C 提示:推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了两种不同的发电方式:风力发电和潮汐发电,以及它们的优缺点。因此作者是通过描述两种不同类型的能源组织文章的。
4. D 提示:最佳标题题。本文不仅描述了涡轮机是如何在河流和海洋中工作的,还描述了两种不同的发电方式——风力发电和潮汐发电。结合选项可推断,D项"潮汐能——一种比风能更好的选择"最适合作标题。
1. D 提示:细节理解题。根据最后一段中"The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine."可知,潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多。由此可推知,潮汐发电需要更坚固的桨叶。
2. B 提示:推理判断题。根据第三段中"Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day."可推断出,潮汐发电优于风力发电。由此推知,题干中的句子"然而,与风能相比,它确实有一个巨大的优势。"适合放在第三段开头。
3. C 提示:推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了两种不同的发电方式:风力发电和潮汐发电,以及它们的优缺点。因此作者是通过描述两种不同类型的能源组织文章的。
4. D 提示:最佳标题题。本文不仅描述了涡轮机是如何在河流和海洋中工作的,还描述了两种不同的发电方式——风力发电和潮汐发电。结合选项可推断,D项"潮汐能——一种比风能更好的选择"最适合作标题。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：这是细节理解题，解题思路是先明确题目询问潮汐能的相关信息，再回到原文逐一核对选项。A选项原文未提及潮汐能的生产成本；B选项原文表明潮汐能在美国海岸使用，并非任何地方都适用；C选项原文明确提到潮汐涡轮机，说明潮汐发电需要涡轮；D选项在文中找到“潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多”，符合题意。
2. 第2题：这是句子插入题，先分析待插入句子的含义“然而，与风能相比，它确实有一个巨大的优势”，需要找到讲述潮汐能相对风能优势的段落。第三段提到风能不可控，潮汐能可预测，正是在讲潮汐能的优势，所以该句放在第三段开头最合适。
3. 第3题：这是文章结构题，通读全文可知，文章先介绍了水力、风力发电，重点引入潮汐发电，并将其与风力发电进行对比，从相似点和不同点展开，整体围绕两种不同的清洁能源展开描述，以此组织文章结构。
4. 第4题：这是最佳标题题，需要找能概括全文核心内容的标题。文章不仅介绍了涡轮机的工作，更重点对比了风力和潮汐两种清洁能源，突出潮汐能的优势，D选项能准确概括这一核心。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。根据文中第五段“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.”可知，潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多，由此可推知潮汐发电需要更坚固的桨叶，故选D。A选项原文未提及生产成本，B选项潮汐能仅适用于海岸区域并非任何地方，C选项潮汐发电需要涡轮机，均不符合原文。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。待插入句子表明潮汐能相对风能有巨大优势，第三段提到“Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day.”，正是在阐述潮汐能可预测的优势，与风能的不可控形成对比，因此该句放在第三段开头最合适，故选B。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。通读全文，文章先介绍了水力、风力发电，随后引入潮汐发电，并详细对比了风力发电和潮汐发电的相似点与不同点，整体围绕两种不同类型的清洁能源展开描述，因此文章是通过描述两种不同类型的能源来组织内容的，故选C。
4. 第4题：最佳标题题。文章不仅介绍了涡轮机在河流和海洋中的工作方式，更重点对比了风力发电和潮汐发电，突出潮汐能的优势。A选项仅提及清洁能源历史，过于片面；B选项未突出潮汐能和风能的对比；C选项未体现两种能源的对比核心；D选项“潮汐能——一种比风能更好的选择”准确概括了文章核心内容，故选D。
【答案】
1. D；2. B；3. C；4. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、推理判断题、最佳标题题
【点评】
本文围绕清洁能源展开，重点对比了风力发电与潮汐发电的特点，题目涵盖了阅读理解常见题型，考查学生的细节查找、逻辑推理以及主旨概括能力，有助于学生掌握不同题型的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：这是细节理解题，解题思路是先明确题目询问潮汐能的相关信息，再回到原文逐一核对选项。A选项原文未提及潮汐能的生产成本；B选项原文表明潮汐能在美国海岸使用，并非任何地方都适用；C选项原文明确提到潮汐涡轮机，说明潮汐发电需要涡轮；D选项在文中找到“潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多”，符合题意。
2. 第2题：这是句子插入题，先分析待插入句子的含义“然而，与风能相比，它确实有一个巨大的优势”，需要找到讲述潮汐能相对风能优势的段落。第三段提到风能不可控，潮汐能可预测，正是在讲潮汐能的优势，所以该句放在第三段开头最合适。
3. 第3题：这是文章结构题，通读全文可知，文章先介绍了水力、风力发电，重点引入潮汐发电，并将其与风力发电进行对比，从相似点和不同点展开，整体围绕两种不同的清洁能源展开描述，以此组织文章结构。
4. 第4题：这是最佳标题题，需要找能概括全文核心内容的标题。文章不仅介绍了涡轮机的工作，更重点对比了风力和潮汐两种清洁能源，突出潮汐能的优势，D选项能准确概括这一核心。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。根据文中第五段“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.”可知，潮汐涡轮机的桨叶必须比风力涡轮机的桨叶坚固得多，由此可推知潮汐发电需要更坚固的桨叶，故选D。A选项原文未提及生产成本，B选项潮汐能仅适用于海岸区域并非任何地方，C选项潮汐发电需要涡轮机，均不符合原文。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。待插入句子表明潮汐能相对风能有巨大优势，第三段提到“Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day.”，正是在阐述潮汐能可预测的优势，与风能的不可控形成对比，因此该句放在第三段开头最合适，故选B。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。通读全文，文章先介绍了水力、风力发电，随后引入潮汐发电，并详细对比了风力发电和潮汐发电的相似点与不同点，整体围绕两种不同类型的清洁能源展开描述，因此文章是通过描述两种不同类型的能源来组织内容的，故选C。
4. 第4题：最佳标题题。文章不仅介绍了涡轮机在河流和海洋中的工作方式，更重点对比了风力发电和潮汐发电，突出潮汐能的优势。A选项仅提及清洁能源历史，过于片面；B选项未突出潮汐能和风能的对比；C选项未体现两种能源的对比核心；D选项“潮汐能——一种比风能更好的选择”准确概括了文章核心内容，故选D。
【答案】
1. D；2. B；3. C；4. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、推理判断题、最佳标题题
【点评】
本文围绕清洁能源展开，重点对比了风力发电与潮汐发电的特点，题目涵盖了阅读理解常见题型，考查学生的细节查找、逻辑推理以及主旨概括能力，有助于学生掌握不同题型的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
三、首字母填空
原创When you want to buy something, which would you like to buy, new or second-hand items?
More and more people like to buy second-hand items. People can s
"I love buying books on an online second-hand bookstore. It's good for students like me," said Zhao Kaiqi, a 22-year-old college student from Harbin, Heilongjiang. "It also brings me interesting e
People can even find some items that are not made any more. For example, some people like to buy vintage复古的 items. These items often go back 30 years or even more. But if they're in good c
"I am a big fan of vintage items," said Vivien, a 25-year-old freelance writer from London, UK. "Vintage items carry stories from the p
What kind of second-hand things would you like to buy?
1.
4.
7.
10.
原创When you want to buy something, which would you like to buy, new or second-hand items?
More and more people like to buy second-hand items. People can s
save
1 money because second-hand items are much cheaper than new ones. Buying second-hand items can also protect the environment. It means reusing man-made things we already have. It's sshown
2 that in 2020, the mass质量 of all man-made materials became greater than tthat
3 of every living thing on Earth. We clearly have enough stuff. So it is better to reuse old things instead of making new things."I love buying books on an online second-hand bookstore. It's good for students like me," said Zhao Kaiqi, a 22-year-old college student from Harbin, Heilongjiang. "It also brings me interesting e
experiences
4 that I don't have when I buy new books. One time, I found a note in a second-hand book. Its previous之前的 owner left the note and hhoped
5 that I would enjoy reading the book. It was heart-warming to read."People can even find some items that are not made any more. For example, some people like to buy vintage复古的 items. These items often go back 30 years or even more. But if they're in good c
condition
6, people can still use them."I am a big fan of vintage items," said Vivien, a 25-year-old freelance writer from London, UK. "Vintage items carry stories from the p
past
7. Once I bought a bracelet手镯 with the words 'Rose' and 'Love, Jason' on it. It made me wonder about the story bbehind
8 the bracelet. I think sshopping
9 for vintage items is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. It doesn't matter how rich you are, but whether you can find items that ffit
10 you."What kind of second-hand things would you like to buy?
1.
save
2. shown
3. that
4.
experiences
5. hoped
6. condition
7.
past
8. behind
9. shopping
10.
fit
答案
【语篇导读】本文通过具体案例阐述购买二手物品的益处:省钱、环保、承载故事与情感价值,并鼓励读者尝试购买二手物品。
1. save 2. shown 3. that
4. experiences 5. hoped 6. condition
7. past 8. behind 9. shopping
10. fit
1. save 2. shown 3. that
4. experiences 5. hoped 6. condition
7. past 8. behind 9. shopping
10. fit
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍二手物品优势的说明文，解题需结合语境、固定搭配、时态及语法规则逐一分析：
1. 第1空：根据“second-hand items are much cheaper than new ones”可知二手物品价格更低，能帮人省钱，结合首字母s，想到固定搭配save money，情态动词can后接动词原形。
2. 第2空：后文是一项研究数据结论，固定句型“It's shown that...”表示“据表明”，此处用被动语态，结合首字母s填shown。
3. 第3空：比较人造材料的质量与地球所有生物的质量，为避免重复，用that指代前文的the mass，符合比较结构的用法，首字母t，填that。
4. 第4空：后文举例在二手书中发现便签的事，说明买二手书带来有趣的经历，experience作“经历”讲是可数名词，结合首字母e，用复数形式experiences。
5. 第5空：前文提到主人留下便签，内容是希望读者喜欢这本书，时态要和left（leave的过去式）保持一致，首字母h，填hope的过去式hoped。
6. 第6空：复古物品若状态良好仍可使用，固定短语in good condition表示“状态良好”，首字母c，填condition。
7. 第7空：复古物品来自过去，承载着过去的故事，首字母p，填past。
8. 第8空：想探究手镯背后的故事，behind表示“在……背后”，首字母b，填behind。
9. 第9空：购买复古物品是独特的经历，此处动名词作主语，shopping for vintage items表示“购买复古物品”，首字母s，填shopping。
10. 第10空：强调要找到适合自己的物品，fit表示“适合”，主语items是复数，动词用原形，首字母f，填fit。
【解析】
1. 语境提示二手物品便宜，能省钱，save money是固定搭配，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填save。
2. “It's shown that...”是固定被动表达，意为“据表明”，符合后文引出研究结论的语境，故填shown。
3. 在比较结构中，用that指代前文提到的不可数名词the mass，避免重复，故填that。
4. 结合具体事例可知是“有趣的经历”，experience作“经历”为可数名词，此处表泛指用复数，故填experiences。
5. 前文动词left为过去式，时态保持一致，hope的过去式hoped符合“主人希望读者喜欢书”的语境，故填hoped。
6. in good condition是固定短语，意为“状态良好”，契合“复古物品仍可使用”的语境，故填condition。
7. vintage items（复古物品）承载的是过去的故事，past表示“过去”，故填past。
8. behind表示“在……背后”，the story behind the bracelet指“手镯背后的故事”，符合语境，故填behind。
9. 动名词短语作主语，shopping for vintage items表示“购买复古物品”，符合句子结构和语境，故填shopping。
10. fit表示“适合”，that fit you是定语从句修饰items，意为“适合你的物品”，主语items为复数，动词用原形，故填fit。
【答案】
1. save 2. shown 3. that
4. experiences 5. hoped 6. condition
7. past 8. behind 9. shopping
10. fit
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、代词指代、动词时态
【点评】
本文通过具体人物案例介绍二手物品的省钱、环保、承载情感价值等优势，题目综合考查了语境理解、固定搭配、时态和语法知识，既检验学生的基础语言能力，又引导学生关注环保与物品的人文价值。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍二手物品优势的说明文，解题需结合语境、固定搭配、时态及语法规则逐一分析：
1. 第1空：根据“second-hand items are much cheaper than new ones”可知二手物品价格更低，能帮人省钱，结合首字母s，想到固定搭配save money，情态动词can后接动词原形。
2. 第2空：后文是一项研究数据结论，固定句型“It's shown that...”表示“据表明”，此处用被动语态，结合首字母s填shown。
3. 第3空：比较人造材料的质量与地球所有生物的质量，为避免重复，用that指代前文的the mass，符合比较结构的用法，首字母t，填that。
4. 第4空：后文举例在二手书中发现便签的事，说明买二手书带来有趣的经历，experience作“经历”讲是可数名词，结合首字母e，用复数形式experiences。
5. 第5空：前文提到主人留下便签，内容是希望读者喜欢这本书，时态要和left（leave的过去式）保持一致，首字母h，填hope的过去式hoped。
6. 第6空：复古物品若状态良好仍可使用，固定短语in good condition表示“状态良好”，首字母c，填condition。
7. 第7空：复古物品来自过去，承载着过去的故事，首字母p，填past。
8. 第8空：想探究手镯背后的故事，behind表示“在……背后”，首字母b，填behind。
9. 第9空：购买复古物品是独特的经历，此处动名词作主语，shopping for vintage items表示“购买复古物品”，首字母s，填shopping。
10. 第10空：强调要找到适合自己的物品，fit表示“适合”，主语items是复数，动词用原形，首字母f，填fit。
【解析】
1. 语境提示二手物品便宜，能省钱，save money是固定搭配，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填save。
2. “It's shown that...”是固定被动表达，意为“据表明”，符合后文引出研究结论的语境，故填shown。
3. 在比较结构中，用that指代前文提到的不可数名词the mass，避免重复，故填that。
4. 结合具体事例可知是“有趣的经历”，experience作“经历”为可数名词，此处表泛指用复数，故填experiences。
5. 前文动词left为过去式，时态保持一致，hope的过去式hoped符合“主人希望读者喜欢书”的语境，故填hoped。
6. in good condition是固定短语，意为“状态良好”，契合“复古物品仍可使用”的语境，故填condition。
7. vintage items（复古物品）承载的是过去的故事，past表示“过去”，故填past。
8. behind表示“在……背后”，the story behind the bracelet指“手镯背后的故事”，符合语境，故填behind。
9. 动名词短语作主语，shopping for vintage items表示“购买复古物品”，符合句子结构和语境，故填shopping。
10. fit表示“适合”，that fit you是定语从句修饰items，意为“适合你的物品”，主语items为复数，动词用原形，故填fit。
【答案】
1. save 2. shown 3. that
4. experiences 5. hoped 6. condition
7. past 8. behind 9. shopping
10. fit
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、代词指代、动词时态
【点评】
本文通过具体人物案例介绍二手物品的省钱、环保、承载情感价值等优势，题目综合考查了语境理解、固定搭配、时态和语法知识，既检验学生的基础语言能力，又引导学生关注环保与物品的人文价值。
【难度系数】
0.6
