四、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的单词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
difference excite bad they mean low time good keep western other under
An old saying goes, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." I learnt the 36 of this when I studied in Russia.
One day I invited some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were 37 about visiting Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 38. But this didn't last long. The waiter came over to us two more 39 with the same message.
How 40 an impression we must have left on the local people! In China, it's natural and important for a host to make a lively atmosphere(气氛). However, in Russia and 41 countries, having a meal in a public place means you must keep quiet. You need to be polite to 42.
I felt bad about this. Even though we tried our 43, it's very difficult to develop a new habit. Finding the 44 between cultures is much fun. I'd like to 45 my eyes and mind open.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

36. meaning 37. excited 38. lower
39. times 40. bad 41. Western
42. others 43. best
44. differences 45. keep

【分析】
本题为短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，理解文章主旨（作者在俄罗斯留学时，与朋友在餐厅因大声交谈违反当地习俗的经历，体会中西方文化差异）；2. 逐个分析每个空的语境、所需词性，结合方框内的单词，考虑词形变化（如名词单复数、形容词比较级/最高级、名词变形等），同时遵循“每空一词、每词仅用一次”的要求。
【解析】
36. 空前为定冠词the，需填名词，方框内动词mean的名词形式为meaning，“the meaning of this”表示“这句话的含义”，故填meaning。
37. 主语是人，be动词后需修饰人的形容词，excite对应的形容词excited（兴奋的）符合“be excited about（对…感到兴奋）”的搭配，故填excited。
38. 前文提到声音太大，服务员提醒后需“降低声音”，用形容词low的比较级lower，故填lower。
39. two more后接可数名词复数，time此处意为“次数”，复数为times，“two more times”表示“又两次”，故填times。
40. 感叹句结构为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，需填形容词，方框内bad（糟糕的）符合语境，“How bad an impression”表示“多么糟糕的印象”，故填bad。
41. 需形容词修饰名词countries，方框内western的形容词形式Western（西方的，专有名词首字母大写），“Western countries”表示“西方国家”，故填Western。
42. be polite to后需宾语，方框内other的代词形式others（其他人），符合语境，故填others。
43. 固定搭配try one's best（尽某人最大努力），good的最高级为best，故填best。
44. 空前为定冠词the，需填名词，方框内difference为可数名词，此处指“文化差异”，用复数differences，故填differences。
45. would like to后接动词原形，方框内keep（保持）符合“keep my eyes and mind open（保持眼界和思想开放）”的搭配，故填keep。
【答案】
36. meaning 37. excited 38. lower 39. times 40. bad 41. Western 42. others 43. best 44. differences 45. keep
【知识点】
名词的数与形、形容词的用法、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题结合短文语境与中西方文化背景，考查选词填空的综合应用能力，既要求学生掌握词汇的正确形式变化，也需理解文章主旨，体会文化差异，是英语基础题型的典型考查方式。
【难度系数】
0.5

五、读写综合
A. 回答问题
请阅读下面的短文，根据所提供的信息回答五个问题，要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。
Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you need to know some table manners.
EATING MANNERS
Japan: It is "perfectly" okay to slurp(发出啧啧声) when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.
Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in your left hand, and knife in your right hand. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat.
France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners.
Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who's eating, even a stranger, it's good manners to say "provecho", which means "enjoy". In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It's a social occasion—lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Where you sit matters in the country. You must say "enjoy your meal" before you leave the table.
DRINKING MANNERS
America: If you empty a bottle into someone's glass, it obliges(迫使) that person to buy the next bottle. It's polite to put the last drops into your own glass.
Australia: In a pub, it's usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it's your turn, say "It's my round." When it's their round, they will buy it for you. Don't leave before you've bought a round.
Japan: Don't fill your own glass with alcohol by yourself. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you.
46. What do table manners include?

47. How many countries are mentioned in the passage?

48. Which country is mentioned in both eating manners and drinking manners?

49. Why does the writer tell us the table manners in many countries?

50. What is this passage mainly about?

46. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner.
47. Six.
48. Japan.
49. To help us behave well abroad. / To help us have good manners in different countries.
50. Table manners.

【分析】
解答本题需先明确每个问题的考查类型，再通过定位原文对应内容逐一解答：
1. 第46题考查细节理解，需定位原文中关于餐桌礼仪包含内容的语句；
2. 第47题考查细节查找，需通读全文，统计文中提到的国家数量；
3. 第48题考查信息匹配，需分别查看“EATING MANNERS”和“DRINKING MANNERS”两部分，找到同时出现的国家；
4. 第49题考查目的理解，需定位作者介绍各国餐桌礼仪的目的句；
5. 第50题考查主旨归纳，需梳理全文核心话题。
【解析】
46题：根据短文第一段第二句“They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner.”，直接提取答案；
47题：文中“EATING MANNERS”部分提到Japan、Russia、France、Mexico，“DRINKING MANNERS”部分提到America、Australia，共6个国家，故答案为Six；
48题：“EATING MANNERS”和“DRINKING MANNERS”两部分均提到Japan，因此答案为Japan；
49题：根据第一段最后一句“To behave well abroad, you need to know some table manners.”，可知作者的目的是帮助我们在国外举止得体；
50题：全文围绕不同国家的餐桌礼仪展开，核心话题为Table manners。
【答案】
46. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner.
47. Six.
48. Japan.
49. To help us behave well abroad. / To help us have good manners in different countries.
50. Table manners.
【知识点】
阅读理解（回答问题）、细节理解、主旨归纳
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解的回答问题题型，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息、细节查找及主旨归纳的能力，题目难度适中，需学生准确提取原文关键信息完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.7