五、词汇运用。
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The first emperor of China, Qinshihuang, completed lots of work during his rule. He started the of the Great Wall. He introduced a new writing system and built a large network of roads. The emperor also started the construction of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers(兵马俑). The terracotta soldiers in Xi'an are brown today. They, however, weren't always so. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. , most of the colours did not last to the present day. After being exposed(暴露) to air, the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it took to boil an egg.
Now new techniques are starting to show the army's true colours. Archeologists(考古学家) have discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, black hair, pink faces, and or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a special liquid to keep the soldiers' colours stay long. After they find a soldier, archeologists spray it with the liquid. They then it in plastic. Archeologists also find colours in the dirt around the soldiers. It's important not to destroy the dirt so that the colours won't be . "The next challenge," says archeologist Rong Bo, "is to find a way to apply the colours to the army again". Once that happens, artists can Emperor Qinshihuang's army back to life in fully vivid colour.
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1. building 2. light 3. Sadly 4. recently 5. including
6. black 7. help 8. cover 9. lost 10. bring

【分析】
本题为根据短文语境、首字母提示及语法知识填写单词的词汇运用题。解题思路：先通读全文，理解文章关于秦始皇兵马俑颜色研究的主旨；再逐句分析每个空格的语境，结合首字母判断所需单词的词性、词义，最后匹配符合要求的正确单词，确保填入后语句通顺、符合逻辑。
【解析】
1. 句意：他开始修建长城。the后需接名词，结合首字母b，填building（建造），the building of...表示“……的修建”。
2. 句意：西安的兵马俑现在是浅棕色的。结合首字母l，light与brown构成固定搭配light brown（浅棕色），符合语境。
3. 句意：遗憾的是，大部分颜色没能保存到现在。此处需副词修饰整个句子，结合首字母S，填Sadly（遗憾地），体现转折的遗憾语气。
4. 句意：考古学家最近发现了一个有一百多个兵马俑的区域。此处需副词作状语，结合首字母r，填recently（最近），符合考古发现的时间逻辑。
5. 句意：许多兵马俑仍有彩绘特征，包括黑发、粉脸和黑或棕色的眼睛。此处需介词引出举例内容，结合首字母i，填including（包括），符合举例语境。
6. 句意：……黑头发、粉脸和黑或棕色的眼睛。结合首字母b，与brown并列描述眼睛颜色，填black（黑色）。
7. 句意：中德研究者研发了一种特殊液体来帮助保持兵马俑的颜色持久。此处需动词原形构成不定式，结合首字母h，填help（帮助），help do sth.表示“帮助做某事”。
8. 句意：然后他们用塑料覆盖它。此处需动词作谓语，结合首字母c，填cover（覆盖），cover sth. in plastic表示“用塑料覆盖某物”。
9. 句意：重要的是不要破坏泥土，这样颜色就不会丢失。此处需过去分词构成被动语态，结合首字母l，填lost（丢失），be lost表示“丢失”。
10. 句意：一旦实现，艺术家就能让秦始皇的军队以鲜活的色彩复活。结合首字母b，固定搭配bring...back to life（使……复活），填bring。
【答案】
1. building 2. light 3. Sadly 4. recently 5. including 6. black 7. help 8. cover 9. lost 10. bring
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、副词用法
【点评】
本题围绕兵马俑颜色的研究展开，考查学生对词汇、语境逻辑及固定搭配的掌握，需结合上下文语境和首字母提示准确判断单词，是典型的首字母填空题型，能有效检验学生的英语综合运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

六、阅读理解。（2026·江苏常州期末）
I'm Henry Adams. When I was 27, I worked in an office in San Francisco. One Saturday afternoon, I sailed my little boat out into the Bay of San Francisco. The strong wind pushed my boat out of the bay and into the Pacific Ocean. Luckily, I was saved by a British ship. The ship was heading to London.
I had only one dollar when I arrived in London. I walked around Portland Place, hungry and tired. At that moment, the window of a nearby house opened and a man said to me, “Come in here, please!” I was taken to a nice room. There two old gentlemen were sitting and discussing something. They were brothers. They had been arguing about(争论) a strange subject for several days. One brother said, “If an honest and clever stranger arrives in London without a friend or money, except for a 5,000,000 banknote(钞票), he will die of hunger. If he goes to the bank or anywhere else to change this big note, the police will put him in prison. Everyone will think he stole it.” The other brother answered, “No, I disagree.”
The two gentlemen decided to end their argument with a bet. They chose me because I had an honest and clever face and because I was a stranger to England. One of them gave me a little packet and told me not to open it until I was in my hotel room.
After leaving the house, I opened the packet and saw that there was money inside. I rushed to the nearest restaurant. After eating, I tried to pay with the money but discovered that it was a banknote worth five million dollars! It made my head swim. No one could possibly cash（兑换现金）it. The owner said, “You can pay for the meal whenever you want, sir. I understand that you are a very rich gentleman. You like playing jokes on people by dressing like a poor man.”
I quickly returned to the house but was told that they had left on a trip. Then I remembered the letter inside the packet. It said, “In this packet you'll find some money. It is yours for only 30 days. At the end of that time, return to this house. We have a bet on you.” How amazing!
()1. How did Henry Adams reach London?
A. He sailed his little boat to London.
B. A strong wind pushed his boat into London.
C. A British ship saved him and took him to London.
D. The two gentlemen took him to London.
()2. Why was Henry chosen to end their argument by the two gentlemen?
A. Because he was very hungry and tired.
B. Because he was an honest and clever stranger.
C. Because he was good at arguing and betting.
D. Because he was poor and had only one dollar.
()3. What did the owner do when Henry paid for the meal with the banknote?
A. He asked Henry to pay with cash.
B. He asked Henry to cash the banknote.
C. He thought Henry told a lie to him.
D. He thought Henry played a joke on him.
()4. Which is the correct order of the events in the story?
①Henry was taken into a nice room. ②Henry used the banknote to pay for a meal.
③Henry got to know that the banknote should be returned in a month.
④Henry was given a packet with a banknote.
A. ①④②③ B. ①②③④ C. ③①④② D. ④②①③

1. C 【点拨】根据“Luckily, I was saved by a British ship. The ship was heading to London.”可知，亨利是由一艘开往伦敦的英国船带到伦敦的。故选 C。
2. B 【点拨】根据“They chose me because I had an honest and clever face and because I was a stranger to England.”可知，两位绅士选择亨利的原因有两个：他看起来诚实聪明，且是刚到英国的陌生人。故选 B。
3. D 【点拨】根据“You can pay for the meal whenever you want, sir. I understand that you are a very rich gentleman. You like playing jokes on people by dressing like a poor man.”可知，店主以为亨利是一位富人，喜欢通过穿得寒酸来捉弄别人，也就是认为他在开玩笑。故选 D。
4. A 【点拨】根据全文内容可知，事情发生的正确顺序是①④②③。故选 A。

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解选择题，考查学生对文章细节信息的定位理解及事件顺序的梳理能力。解题思路：先通读全文把握故事脉络，再针对每道题，将题干关键词与原文对应句子匹配，对比选项与原文内容排除错误项；对于排序题，需按原文事件发生的先后顺序梳理，再匹配正确选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“Luckily, I was saved by a British ship. The ship was heading to London.”可知，亨利是被一艘英国船救起并带到伦敦的，选项C符合；A选项“自己划船去伦敦”、B选项“大风将船推到伦敦”、D选项“两位绅士带他去伦敦”均与原文不符，故排除。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段“They chose me because I had an honest and clever face and because I was a stranger to England.”可知，两位绅士选亨利的原因是他看起来诚实聪明且是英国的陌生人，选项B符合；A选项是亨利当时的状态、C选项文中未提及、D选项是亨利当时的经济状况，均不是选他的原因，故排除。
3. 第3题：根据原文第四段店主的话“You can pay for the meal whenever you want, sir. I understand that you are a very rich gentleman. You like playing jokes on people by dressing like a poor man.”可知，店主认为亨利是在开玩笑，选项D符合；A选项未提及要求付现金、B选项未提及让兑换钞票、C选项不是认为亨利说谎，均与原文不符，故排除。
4. 第4题：梳理原文事件顺序：①亨利被带到漂亮房间（第二段）→④亨利收到装钞票的包裹（第三段）→②亨利用钞票付饭钱（第四段）→③亨利得知需一个月后归还钞票（第五段），对应顺序为①④②③，选项A符合，其余选项顺序错误，故排除。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、事件排序题
【点评】
本题围绕故事内容设置细节查找和事件排序类题目，重点考查学生对文章关键信息的定位与梳理能力，题目难度适中，只要仔细阅读原文即可正确解答。
【难度系数】
0.8