Ⅰ.Translate the sentences.翻译下列句子。
1. 火警响的时候,老师正在引导学生们到空旷处。
,the teachers students to the open area.
2. 老师告诉我们,每周至少要复习一次。
The teacher at least once a week.
3. 我的妹妹在周末总是很晚才睡醒。
My sister always on weekends.
4. 他跑得太快,到达时已经气喘吁吁了。
He ran so fast that when he arrived.

Ⅰ.1. When the fire alarm went off;were guiding
2. tells us to review 3. wakes up late
4. he was out of breath

【分析】
这是英语补全型汉译英题目，解题时首先要拆分句子语义，先对应找出所需的固定短语，再结合句子语境判断正确的时态，同时注意主谓一致的细节：
1. 第一题前半部分是时间状语从句，描述火警响起这个过去的短暂动作，后半句是主句，强调当时正在进行的动作，要对应选择一般过去时和过去进行时的结构；
2. 第二题“告诉某人做某事”是固定搭配，句子描述老师常规性的要求，用一般现在时注意主语的三单变化；
3. 第三题描述妹妹周末的常规状态，用一般现在时，对应“睡醒”的固定短语变形即可；
4. 第四题结合so...that的结果状语从句，对应“气喘吁吁”的固定表达，匹配全句的过去时态即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空需要翻译“火警响的时候”，引导时间状语从句，“火警”译为the fire alarm，警报响起的常用表达为go off，该动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，go的过去式为went，因此填入When the fire alarm went off；第二空“正在引导”强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时were/was + 现在分词，主语the teachers是复数，“引导”译为guide，因此填入were guiding。
2. 句子描述老师常规性的要求，用一般现在时，主语the teacher是第三人称单数，“告诉某人做某事”的固定搭配为tell sb. to do sth.，“复习”译为review，因此填入tells us to review。
3. 由频度副词always和时间状语on weekends可知句子为一般现在时，主语my sister是第三人称单数，“睡醒”的固定短语为wake up，谓语动词变为三单形式wakes，“很晚”用副词late修饰动作，因此填入wakes up late。
4. 结果状语从句描述他到达时的状态，全句为过去时态，“气喘吁吁”的固定表达为be out of breath，主语为he，对应的be动词过去式为was，因此填入he was out of breath。
【答案】
1. When the fire alarm went off;were guiding
2. tells us to review
3. wakes up late
4. he was out of breath
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，时态辨析，主谓一致
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础的汉译英题型，考点全部来自课标要求掌握的常用短语和基础时态，只要学生能准确判断句子时态、牢记核心短语，注意主谓一致的细节就可以顺利完成，能够有效检验学生对基础词汇语法的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with proper words.用适当的词语填空。
Last Friday evening,a sudden heavy rainstorm 5. (hit) West Town. Many families
in the neighbourhood were stuck at home. The local rescue team got the call right away,and
6. (firefighter) drove trucks with life jackets(救生衣) and ropes to the scene quickly.
7. the time team leader Mr Lee arrived, the water was already up to people's
waists. Some rescuers 8. (swim) to save old people and young kids,while
others were using ropes to pull people to the 9. (truck). A young volunteer named Tom
hurt 10. (he) arm when he helped 11. old lady carry her bag and get on the
truck,but he refused 12. (stop). "There are still people waiting,and every minute
matters," he said.
After three hours' tiring hard work,all 47 trapped people were saved. 13. (luck),
no one got seriously hurt. People thanked the rescuers over and over again,shaking their hands
warmly. Mr Lee later said,"We always make preparations 14. such bad weather,so we
can act fast when disasters come. " By midnight,the rain gradually slowed down,and the town
finally returned to peace.

Ⅱ.5. hit 6. firefighters 7. By 8. were swimming
9. trucks 10. his 11. an 12. to stop
13. Luckily 14. for

【分析】
解题时首先通读整篇短文，抓住开头的时间标志Last Friday evening，确定全文叙述的是过去发生的事件，核心时态为一般过去时，再结合每个空格前后的提示词、上下文逻辑、英语语法规则和固定搭配逐一推导答案：首先处理给出动词提示的空格，判断时态和主谓一致，确定正确的动词变形；再处理给出名词、代词提示的空格，结合语境判断单复数、词性转换规则；最后处理无提示词的空格，结合固定搭配、冠词用法、句首状语的要求补全词汇，同时注意首字母大写这类细节要求。
【解析】
5. 句意为“上周五晚，一场突如其来的大暴雨袭击了西镇”，时间是过去的Last Friday evening，谓语动词用一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit，故填hit。
6. 句意为“消防员们开着载有救生衣和绳索的卡车迅速赶往现场”，此处指代多名执行任务的消防员，要用可数名词firefighter的复数形式firefighters，故填firefighters。
7. 此处是固定搭配by the time，意为“到……的时候”，句首首字母需要大写，故填By。
8. 后文while引导的并列分句使用了过去进行时were using，描述两个过去同步进行的救援动作，空格处也要对应使用过去进行时，主语Some rescuers是复数，故填were swimming。
9. 句意为“其他人正用绳索把人们拉到卡车上”，前文提到救援队伍出动了多辆卡车，要用truck的复数形式trucks，故填trucks。
10. 句意为“名叫汤姆的年轻志愿者伤到了他的胳膊”，空格处修饰名词arm，主语是Tom，需要把主格he转换为形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
11. 此处表示泛指“一位老年女士”，单词old以元音音素开头，对应的不定冠词用an，故填an。
12. 此处是固定搭配refuse to do sth.，意为“拒绝做某事”，故填to stop。
13. 此处放在句首作状语，修饰整个“没有人受重伤”的句子，要把提示词luck变为副词形式Luckily，句首首字母大写，故填Luckily。
14. 此处是固定搭配make preparations for，意为“为……做准备”，故填for。
【答案】
5. hit 6. firefighters 7. By 8. were swimming 9. trucks 10. his 11. an 12. to stop 13. Luckily 14. for
【知识点】
动词时态变形，词形转换，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题是语境型词汇填空题，综合考察初中阶段基础语法知识点，将时态判断、名词单复数、代词/副词转换、冠词用法和常见固定搭配融入真实的灾害救援场景中，解题核心是先把握全文的整体时态，再结合上下文逻辑推导，需要学生注意句首单词大写、元音音素开头的冠词选择等容易失分的细节。
【难度系数】
0.6

Ⅲ.Read and choose the best answer.阅读并选择最佳答案。
Tsunamis are huge ocean waves that can hurt coastal areas badly and cause terrible damage
to buildings,crops and people's homes. The word "tsunami" comes from Japanese,meaning
"harbour wave"—it got this name because these waves often hit harbours hard with great
power.
Most tsunamis form when underwater earthquakes happen,while some can also be triggered
by volcanic eruptions or landslides under the sea. In the open ocean,tsunami waves are only
about 1 metre high and hard to notice. But when they reach shallow coastal waters,they slow
down and grow into "walls of water" up to 30 metres tall.
A clear warning sign is "drawback":the ocean suddenly moves far away from the shore,
leaving fish and rocks out in the open. This can give people 5 minutes to leave the area,which is
an important window for survival(存活). When a tsunami alarm rings,move to high ground or
far inland right away. Remember:if you see the wave,you're still too close—acting fast saves
lives.
()15. Why do tsunamis get the name "harbour wave"?
A. They start in harbours. B. They only affect harbours.
C. They often hit harbours hard.
()16. What can we learn about tsunami waves in the open ocean?
A. They are very tall. B. They are not easy to notice.
C. They move very slowly.
()17. Why did the writer write this passage?
A. To call for protecting the sea. B. To teach readers about tsunamis.
C. To tell a story about a tsunami.

Ⅲ.15. C 16. B 17. B

【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题时首先通读全文了解大致内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词回原文定位，找到对应语句后和选项逐一比对，排除不符合原文内容的错误选项：细节题优先匹配原文原句或同义替换内容，主旨题则梳理全文核心内容判断写作目的即可。
【解析】
15. 定位原文第一段末尾"it got this name because these waves often hit harbours hard with great power"，可知海啸被命名为“港湾波”的原因是它们经常以巨大的力量猛烈袭击港口，选项A“它们起源于港口”、B“它们只影响港口”均不符合原文表述，因此选C。
16. 定位原文第二段"In the open ocean,tsunami waves are only about 1 metre high and hard to notice"，其中hard to notice和选项B的not easy to notice是同义替换，选项A“它们非常高”和原文远海海啸仅1米高矛盾，选项C“它们移动非常慢”不符合原文“海啸到达近岸浅水区才会减速”的表述，因此选B。
17. 通读全文可知，文章依次介绍了海啸的定义、名称由来、形成原因、不同海域的形态特征、预警信号和逃生注意事项，核心是向读者科普海啸相关知识，选项A“呼吁保护海洋”原文完全未提及，选项C“讲述一个海啸相关的故事”不符合全文科普说明的文体属性，因此选B。
【答案】
15. C 16. B 17. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意判断，科普文阅读
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读题，所有细节题的线索都可以直接在原文中找到，不需要复杂的推理，主要考察学生的基础信息查找和同义替换理解能力，适合用来训练学生快速从阅读文本中抓取关键信息的习惯。
【难度系数】
0.8