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四、阅读理解。〔人与社会——礼仪与习俗〕
For centuries, China has been known as "a state of ceremony", which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a great example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are visiting someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone's wedding or birthday party.
The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would often prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready for holding any weapon (武器). Holding hands together pointed towards themselves was a way of saying "relax", meaning "I'm not with any weapons and I'm not here to fight." Later, it became a polite way to greet someone or show thanks.
So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? Firstly, stand up straight. If you're a man, make a half fist (拳头) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to your eyebrows, bow slightly, and move your hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you're a woman, you should do it the other way with the right hand on top.
People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute (抱拳礼). It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture (姿势) is formed by holding the right fist very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and spreading out both arms slightly forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (大拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don't point it at yourself, as it shows arrogance (傲慢).
1. What does the underlined word "etiquette" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Need.
B. Manners.
C. Time.
D. Groups.
2. (创新考法·图片理解)Which picture shows the correct way for women to do the fist-and-palm salute?
3. If Mike wants to do the hold-fist salute, which of the following is right?
A. He should keep his right hand open.
B. He should put his right hand on his left hand.
C. He shouldn't point his left thumb at himself.
D. He shouldn't spread out his arms.
For centuries, China has been known as "a state of ceremony", which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a great example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are visiting someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone's wedding or birthday party.
The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would often prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready for holding any weapon (武器). Holding hands together pointed towards themselves was a way of saying "relax", meaning "I'm not with any weapons and I'm not here to fight." Later, it became a polite way to greet someone or show thanks.
So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? Firstly, stand up straight. If you're a man, make a half fist (拳头) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to your eyebrows, bow slightly, and move your hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you're a woman, you should do it the other way with the right hand on top.
People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute (抱拳礼). It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture (姿势) is formed by holding the right fist very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and spreading out both arms slightly forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (大拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don't point it at yourself, as it shows arrogance (傲慢).
1. What does the underlined word "etiquette" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Need.
B. Manners.
C. Time.
D. Groups.
2. (创新考法·图片理解)Which picture shows the correct way for women to do the fist-and-palm salute?
3. If Mike wants to do the hold-fist salute, which of the following is right?
A. He should keep his right hand open.
B. He should put his right hand on his left hand.
C. He shouldn't point his left thumb at himself.
D. He shouldn't spread out his arms.
答案
四、1~3. BAC
解析
【分析】
解题思路：首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国传统拱手类礼仪的起源和正确行礼方式，之后逐题对应原文定位信息解题：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，定位第一段上下文，前文提到中国是“礼仪之邦”，后文用拱手礼作为例子，可推断划线词和礼仪相关，匹配选项选出答案。
2. 第二题是图文匹配题，定位第三段关于女性行拱手礼的规则描述，和四张图片逐一比对，选出符合要求的正确姿势。
3. 第三题是细节理解题，定位最后一段关于抱拳礼的注意事项，逐一排除错误选项，选出符合原文描述的正确做法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：前文提到中国是“礼仪之邦”，后文指出拱手礼就是很好的例子，说明古代中国有很多问候相关的礼节，etiquette的含义是礼节、礼仪，和B选项Manners（礼仪、举止）含义一致，A（需求）、C（时间）、D（群体）均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段内容，男性行拱手礼时右手半握拳，左手握住右手；女性行礼要反过来，右手在上，对应A图的姿势，其余选项均不符合女性拱手礼的要求，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据最后一段“Make sure the left thumb is close to the index finger and don't point it at yourself, as it shows arrogance”可知，行抱拳礼时不能把左手大拇指指向自己，对应C选项描述正确；A选项右手要握拳而非张开，错误；B选项抱拳礼是左手覆盖右拳，错误；D选项需要将双臂在胸前稍向前展开，错误，故选C。
【答案】
1~3. BAC
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节理解，图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题结合中国传统礼仪文化主题，在考察英语阅读能力的同时科普了拱手礼、抱拳礼的相关常识，图文匹配的创新考法要求学生精准抓取原文细节，将文字描述和具象图片对应，能很好锻炼信息转换能力。
【难度系数】
0.65
解题思路：首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国传统拱手类礼仪的起源和正确行礼方式，之后逐题对应原文定位信息解题：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，定位第一段上下文，前文提到中国是“礼仪之邦”，后文用拱手礼作为例子，可推断划线词和礼仪相关，匹配选项选出答案。
2. 第二题是图文匹配题，定位第三段关于女性行拱手礼的规则描述，和四张图片逐一比对，选出符合要求的正确姿势。
3. 第三题是细节理解题，定位最后一段关于抱拳礼的注意事项，逐一排除错误选项，选出符合原文描述的正确做法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：前文提到中国是“礼仪之邦”，后文指出拱手礼就是很好的例子，说明古代中国有很多问候相关的礼节，etiquette的含义是礼节、礼仪，和B选项Manners（礼仪、举止）含义一致，A（需求）、C（时间）、D（群体）均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段内容，男性行拱手礼时右手半握拳，左手握住右手；女性行礼要反过来，右手在上，对应A图的姿势，其余选项均不符合女性拱手礼的要求，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据最后一段“Make sure the left thumb is close to the index finger and don't point it at yourself, as it shows arrogance”可知，行抱拳礼时不能把左手大拇指指向自己，对应C选项描述正确；A选项右手要握拳而非张开，错误；B选项抱拳礼是左手覆盖右拳，错误；D选项需要将双臂在胸前稍向前展开，错误，故选C。
【答案】
1~3. BAC
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节理解，图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题结合中国传统礼仪文化主题，在考察英语阅读能力的同时科普了拱手礼、抱拳礼的相关常识，图文匹配的创新考法要求学生精准抓取原文细节，将文字描述和具象图片对应，能很好锻炼信息转换能力。
【难度系数】
0.65
