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一、完形填空 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In September 2023, scientists discovered a seismic wave (地震波). Coming from Earth’s crust (地壳), the wave lasted for nine days straight and
To find the
It all started with a landslide in a fjord (峡湾处的山崩) in eastern Greenland on Sept. 16, 2023. Because of global warming, a glacier (冰川) at the foot of a mountain in the fjord became too
This was the first time people had
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In September 2023, scientists discovered a seismic wave (地震波). Coming from Earth’s crust (地壳), the wave lasted for nine days straight and
B
1 all over the world. This was A
2 because most seismic waves usually last for only minutes or hours.To find the
C
3, 68 scientists across 15 countries and areas worked together. Their D
4 was published in the journal *Science* in September, 2024.It all started with a landslide in a fjord (峡湾处的山崩) in eastern Greenland on Sept. 16, 2023. Because of global warming, a glacier (冰川) at the foot of a mountain in the fjord became too
C
5 to hold up the rocks above. This A
6 the 1,200-metre-high mountain top to come down. Twenty-five million cubic metres of rock and ice fell into the fjord, enough to B
7 10, 000 Olympic swimming pools. A tsunami (海啸) then D
8, with a wave up to 110 metres high. Over the next nine days, the C
9 moved back and forward in the fjord every 90 seconds, hitting the mountain and sending vibrations (振动) across the earth.This was the first time people had
A
10 a landslide and a tsunami completely. The scientists believe such events will become more usual.(
B
) 1. A. started B. travelled C. happened D. changed(
A
) 2. A. strange B. usual C. exciting D. cheerful(
C
) 3. A. result B. example C. reason D. mistake(
D
) 4. A. story B. novel C. poem D. finding(
C
) 5. A. simple B. strong C. thin D. big(
A
) 6. A. caused B. helped C. invited D. advised(
B
) 7. A. count B. fill C. clean D. clear(
D
) 8. A. waited B. broke C. stopped D. came(
C
) 9. A. ice B. rock C. water D. thunder(
A
) 10. A. recorded B. counted C. made D. supported答案
1—5: BACDC
6—10: ABDCA
6—10: ABDCA
解析
【分析】先通读短文，把握核心内容是2023年格陵兰峡湾山崩引发特殊地震波的科学发现。解题时需结合上下文语境、词汇含义及逻辑关系，逐一分析每个小题：1题需选表示地震波传播的词；2题根据地震波持续时间的特殊性判断；3题明确科学家合作的目的；4题确定研究成果的表述；5题结合全球变暖背景分析冰川状态；6题判断山崩与山顶坍塌的因果关系；7题对应体积与泳池的匹配；8题海啸的发生表述；9题明确海啸的主体；10题对应科学发现的动作。
【解析】1. 语境：地震波从地壳发出后传遍全球，travel意为“传播”，故选B；2. 后文提到多数地震波仅持续数分钟/小时，此次持续9天，故是“奇怪的”，strange符合，选A；3. 科学家合作是为了寻找地震波持续久的“原因”，reason正确，选C；4. 研究的“发现”发表在《科学》期刊，finding指研究成果，选D；5. 全球变暖导致冰川变薄，无法支撑上方岩石，thin符合，选C；6. 山崩“导致”山顶坍塌，cause表因果，选A；7. 2500万立方米的量足够填满1万个奥运泳池，fill正确，选B；8. 海啸“到来”，come符合语境，选D；9. 海啸由水形成，故是水在峡湾移动，选C；10. 首次“记录”山崩和海啸，record表记录，选A。
【答案】1—5: BACDC
6—10: ABDCA
【知识点】完形词汇辨析、语境理解、科普语篇阅读
【点评】本文为科普类完形填空，围绕科学发现展开，重点考查词汇辨析与上下文逻辑理解，需结合语篇背景解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 语境：地震波从地壳发出后传遍全球，travel意为“传播”，故选B；2. 后文提到多数地震波仅持续数分钟/小时，此次持续9天，故是“奇怪的”，strange符合，选A；3. 科学家合作是为了寻找地震波持续久的“原因”，reason正确，选C；4. 研究的“发现”发表在《科学》期刊，finding指研究成果，选D；5. 全球变暖导致冰川变薄，无法支撑上方岩石，thin符合，选C；6. 山崩“导致”山顶坍塌，cause表因果，选A；7. 2500万立方米的量足够填满1万个奥运泳池，fill正确，选B；8. 海啸“到来”，come符合语境，选D；9. 海啸由水形成，故是水在峡湾移动，选C；10. 首次“记录”山崩和海啸，record表记录，选A。
【答案】1—5: BACDC
6—10: ABDCA
【知识点】完形词汇辨析、语境理解、科普语篇阅读
【点评】本文为科普类完形填空，围绕科学发现展开，重点考查词汇辨析与上下文逻辑理解，需结合语篇背景解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
二、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
People know the dangers of fires. It’s good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm (报警器) to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. They should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practise for a fire. They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
◆ Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
◆ Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
◆ What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
(
A. You have to get up.
B. Water is running all over the floor.
C. Something is burning.
D. Someone breaks your window.
(
A. the fire will grow more quickly
B. the power will be cut off
C. the door will soon be on fire
D. the house will fall down
(
A. Stop, run, and roll.
B. Stop, drop, and roll.
C. Run, drop, and roll.
D. Roll, drop, and stop.
(
A. Dangers of a fire
B. Causes of a fire
C. Learn to use a fire extinguisher
D. Be ready for a fire
B
A
People know the dangers of fires. It’s good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm (报警器) to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. They should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practise for a fire. They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
◆ Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
◆ Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
◆ What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
(
C
) 1. What does it mean when a smoke alarm rings at home?A. You have to get up.
B. Water is running all over the floor.
C. Something is burning.
D. Someone breaks your window.
(
A
) 2. When a fire happens, if you open the hot door, .A. the fire will grow more quickly
B. the power will be cut off
C. the door will soon be on fire
D. the house will fall down
(
B
) 3. What are the RIGHT steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire?A. Stop, run, and roll.
B. Stop, drop, and roll.
C. Run, drop, and roll.
D. Roll, drop, and stop.
(
D
) 4. What is the best title for this passage?A. Dangers of a fire
B. Causes of a fire
C. Learn to use a fire extinguisher
D. Be ready for a fire
B
答案
1—4: CABD
解析
【分析】本题为阅读理解题，需结合短文内容逐一分析各小题：第1题是细节理解题，需定位烟雾报警器触发的原因；第2题是细节理解题，需查找开热门的后果；第3题是细节理解题，需明确衣物着火的正确步骤；第4题是主旨大意题，需归纳全文核心内容，从而选出最佳答案。
【解析】1. 根据短文“Smoke from a fire causes the alarm (报警器) to go off.”可知，烟雾报警器响起是因为有东西着火，故选C；2. 根据短文“Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.”可知，开热门会让火更快，故选A；3. 根据短文“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! ... Drop! ... Then roll!”可知，正确步骤是Stop, drop, roll，故选B；4. 全文围绕家庭如何为火灾做准备给出具体建议，核心是“为火灾做好准备”，故选D。
【答案】CABD
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是实用的防火知识类阅读，侧重考查学生提取细节信息和归纳主旨的能力，贴近生活实际，易于理解。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 根据短文“Smoke from a fire causes the alarm (报警器) to go off.”可知，烟雾报警器响起是因为有东西着火，故选C；2. 根据短文“Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.”可知，开热门会让火更快，故选A；3. 根据短文“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! ... Drop! ... Then roll!”可知，正确步骤是Stop, drop, roll，故选B；4. 全文围绕家庭如何为火灾做准备给出具体建议，核心是“为火灾做好准备”，故选D。
【答案】CABD
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是实用的防火知识类阅读，侧重考查学生提取细节信息和归纳主旨的能力，贴近生活实际，易于理解。
【难度系数】0.7
