1. (2024·宿城期末)下列运算错误的是(
A.$\sqrt{8} ÷ \sqrt{2} = 2$
B.$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}} ÷ \sqrt{2} = \dfrac{1}{2}$
C.$\sqrt{3} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{2}$
D.$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = 1$
D
)A.$\sqrt{8} ÷ \sqrt{2} = 2$
B.$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}} ÷ \sqrt{2} = \dfrac{1}{2}$
C.$\sqrt{3} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{2}$
D.$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = 1$
答案
1. D
解析
A. $\sqrt{8} ÷ \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{8÷2} = \sqrt{4} = 2$,正确;
B. $\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}} ÷ \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}÷2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}} = \dfrac{1}{2}$,正确;
C. $\sqrt{3} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{3÷\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{2}$,正确;
D. $\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}÷\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}} = \dfrac{2}{3} ≠ 1$,错误。
答案:D
B. $\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}} ÷ \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}÷2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}} = \dfrac{1}{2}$,正确;
C. $\sqrt{3} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{3÷\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{2}$,正确;
D. $\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}÷\dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}} = \dfrac{2}{3} ≠ 1$,错误。
答案:D
2. 若实数 $x$ 满足 $\dfrac{\sqrt{x - 3}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{x - 3}{x + 1}}$,则 $x$ 的取值范围是(
A.$x > - 1$
B.$x ≥ 3$
C.$x < - 1$ 或 $x > 3$
D.$x < - 1$ 或 $x ≥ 3$
B
)A.$x > - 1$
B.$x ≥ 3$
C.$x < - 1$ 或 $x > 3$
D.$x < - 1$ 或 $x ≥ 3$
答案
2. B
解析
要使等式$\dfrac{\sqrt{x - 3}}{\sqrt{x + 1}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{x - 3}{x + 1}}$成立,需满足:
1. 分子根号内非负:$x - 3 ≥ 0$,即$x ≥ 3$;
2. 分母根号内为正:$x + 1 > 0$,即$x > -1$;
3. 右边根号内分式非负:$\dfrac{x - 3}{x + 1} ≥ 0$,等价于$\begin{cases}(x - 3)(x + 1) ≥ 0 \\ x + 1 ≠ 0\end{cases}$,解得$x < -1$或$x ≥ 3$。
综合以上条件,取交集得$x ≥ 3$。
B
1. 分子根号内非负:$x - 3 ≥ 0$,即$x ≥ 3$;
2. 分母根号内为正:$x + 1 > 0$,即$x > -1$;
3. 右边根号内分式非负:$\dfrac{x - 3}{x + 1} ≥ 0$,等价于$\begin{cases}(x - 3)(x + 1) ≥ 0 \\ x + 1 ≠ 0\end{cases}$,解得$x < -1$或$x ≥ 3$。
综合以上条件,取交集得$x ≥ 3$。
B
3. 化简:
(1) $\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{25}} =$
(2) $\sqrt{1\dfrac{13}{36}} =$
(3) $- \sqrt{\dfrac{27}{16}} =$
(1) $\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{25}} =$
$\frac{3}{5}$
;(2) $\sqrt{1\dfrac{13}{36}} =$
$\frac{7}{6}$
;(3) $- \sqrt{\dfrac{27}{16}} =$
$-\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}$
.答案
3. (1) $\frac{3}{5}$ (2) $\frac{7}{6}$ (3) $-\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}$
4. 某建筑施工图纸上有一面积为 $10\sqrt{14}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$ 的菱形,其一条对角线的长为 $4\sqrt{7}\ \mathrm{cm}$,则另一条对角线的长为
$5\sqrt{2}$
$\mathrm{cm}$.答案
4. $5\sqrt{2}$
解析
设菱形的另一条对角线长为$x\ \mathrm{cm}$。
菱形面积公式为$S = \frac{1}{2}d_1d_2$($d_1$、$d_2$为对角线长),已知面积$S = 10\sqrt{14}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$,一条对角线$d_1 = 4\sqrt{7}\ \mathrm{cm}$,则:
$\begin{aligned}\frac{1}{2} × 4\sqrt{7} × x &= 10\sqrt{14}\\2\sqrt{7}x &= 10\sqrt{14}\\x &= \frac{10\sqrt{14}}{2\sqrt{7}}\\x &= 5\sqrt{2}\end{aligned}$
$5\sqrt{2}$
菱形面积公式为$S = \frac{1}{2}d_1d_2$($d_1$、$d_2$为对角线长),已知面积$S = 10\sqrt{14}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$,一条对角线$d_1 = 4\sqrt{7}\ \mathrm{cm}$,则:
$\begin{aligned}\frac{1}{2} × 4\sqrt{7} × x &= 10\sqrt{14}\\2\sqrt{7}x &= 10\sqrt{14}\\x &= \frac{10\sqrt{14}}{2\sqrt{7}}\\x &= 5\sqrt{2}\end{aligned}$
$5\sqrt{2}$
5. 计算:
(1) $\dfrac{\sqrt{96}}{\sqrt{16}}$;
(2) $\sqrt{48} ÷ ( - \sqrt{3})$;
(3) $\dfrac{\sqrt{90}}{\sqrt{5}}$;
(4) $\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$.
(1) $\dfrac{\sqrt{96}}{\sqrt{16}}$;
(2) $\sqrt{48} ÷ ( - \sqrt{3})$;
(3) $\dfrac{\sqrt{90}}{\sqrt{5}}$;
(4) $\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$.
答案
5. (1) $\sqrt{6}$ (2) $-4$ (3) $3\sqrt{2}$ (4) $2\sqrt{2}$
解析
(1) $\dfrac{\sqrt{96}}{\sqrt{16}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{96}{16}}=\sqrt{6}$;
(2) $\sqrt{48} ÷ ( - \sqrt{3})=-\sqrt{\dfrac{48}{3}}=-\sqrt{16}=-4$;
(3) $\dfrac{\sqrt{90}}{\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{90}{5}}=\sqrt{18}=3\sqrt{2}$;
(4) $\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}÷\dfrac{5}{24}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}×\dfrac{24}{5}}=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}$.
(2) $\sqrt{48} ÷ ( - \sqrt{3})=-\sqrt{\dfrac{48}{3}}=-\sqrt{16}=-4$;
(3) $\dfrac{\sqrt{90}}{\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{90}{5}}=\sqrt{18}=3\sqrt{2}$;
(4) $\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}÷\dfrac{5}{24}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3}×\dfrac{24}{5}}=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}$.
6. 若 $a = \sqrt{2}$,$b = \sqrt{7}$,则 $\sqrt{\dfrac{14a^{2}}{b^{2}}}$ 的值为(
A.$2$
B.$4$
C.$\sqrt{7}$
D.$\sqrt{2}$
A
)A.$2$
B.$4$
C.$\sqrt{7}$
D.$\sqrt{2}$
答案
6. A
解析
当$a = \sqrt{2}$,$b = \sqrt{7}$时,
$\begin{aligned}\sqrt{\dfrac{14a^{2}}{b^{2}}}&=\sqrt{\dfrac{14× (\sqrt{2})^{2}}{(\sqrt{7})^{2}}}\\&=\sqrt{\dfrac{14× 2}{7}}\\&=\sqrt{4}\\&=2\end{aligned}$
A
$\begin{aligned}\sqrt{\dfrac{14a^{2}}{b^{2}}}&=\sqrt{\dfrac{14× (\sqrt{2})^{2}}{(\sqrt{7})^{2}}}\\&=\sqrt{\dfrac{14× 2}{7}}\\&=\sqrt{4}\\&=2\end{aligned}$
A
7. 计算 $\sqrt{45} ÷ 3\sqrt{3} × \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{5}}$ 的结果为(
A.$1$
B.$\dfrac{5}{3}$
C.$5$
D.$9$
A
)A.$1$
B.$\dfrac{5}{3}$
C.$5$
D.$9$
答案
7. A
解析
$\begin{aligned}\sqrt{45} ÷ 3\sqrt{3} × \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{5}}&=\dfrac{\sqrt{45}}{3\sqrt{3}} × \sqrt{\dfrac{3}{5}}\\&=\dfrac{1}{3} × \sqrt{\dfrac{45}{3} × \dfrac{3}{5}}\\&=\dfrac{1}{3} × \sqrt{9}\\&=\dfrac{1}{3} × 3\\&=1\end{aligned}$
A
A
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