1. 计算.
(1)$\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{27}$;
(2)$\sqrt{8}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}}$;
(3)$\sqrt{4ab}+\sqrt{16ab}$.
(1)$\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{27}$;
(2)$\sqrt{8}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}}$;
(3)$\sqrt{4ab}+\sqrt{16ab}$.
答案
(1)
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{12} = \sqrt{4 × 3} = 2\sqrt{3}$,
$\sqrt{27} = \sqrt{9 × 3} = 3\sqrt{3}$,
然后,合并同类二次根式:
$2\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} = 5\sqrt{3}$;
(2)
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{8} = \sqrt{4 × 2} = 2\sqrt{2}$,
$2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} = 2 × \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = \sqrt{2}$,
然后,进行二次根式的加减:
$2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{2}$;
(3)
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{4ab} = 2\sqrt{ab}$,
$\sqrt{16ab} = 4\sqrt{ab}$,
然后,合并同类二次根式:
$2\sqrt{ab} + 4\sqrt{ab} = 6\sqrt{ab}$。
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{12} = \sqrt{4 × 3} = 2\sqrt{3}$,
$\sqrt{27} = \sqrt{9 × 3} = 3\sqrt{3}$,
然后,合并同类二次根式:
$2\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} = 5\sqrt{3}$;
(2)
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{8} = \sqrt{4 × 2} = 2\sqrt{2}$,
$2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} = 2 × \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = \sqrt{2}$,
然后,进行二次根式的加减:
$2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{2}$;
(3)
解:
首先,将各项化为最简二次根式:
$\sqrt{4ab} = 2\sqrt{ab}$,
$\sqrt{16ab} = 4\sqrt{ab}$,
然后,合并同类二次根式:
$2\sqrt{ab} + 4\sqrt{ab} = 6\sqrt{ab}$。
2. 计算.
(1)$3\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{27}$;
(2)$(3\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{8})-(\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{2})$;
(3)$\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}-(5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}+\sqrt{5})$.
(1)$3\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{27}$;
(2)$(3\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{8})-(\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{2})$;
(3)$\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}-(5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}+\sqrt{5})$.
答案
(1) $3\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{8} + \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{27}$
$= 3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} - 3\sqrt{3}$
$=(3\sqrt{3} - 3\sqrt{3}) + (-2\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2})$
$=0 - \sqrt{2}$
$=-\sqrt{2}$
(2) $(3\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{8}) - (\sqrt{12} + \sqrt{2})$
$=3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}$
$=(3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{3}) + (-2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2})$
$=\sqrt{3} - 3\sqrt{2}$
(3) $\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45} - (5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\dfrac{1}{3} × 3\sqrt{5} - (5 × \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\sqrt{5} - (\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\sqrt{5} - 2\sqrt{5}$
$=-\sqrt{5}$
$= 3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2} - 3\sqrt{3}$
$=(3\sqrt{3} - 3\sqrt{3}) + (-2\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{2})$
$=0 - \sqrt{2}$
$=-\sqrt{2}$
(2) $(3\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{8}) - (\sqrt{12} + \sqrt{2})$
$=3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}$
$=(3\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{3}) + (-2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{2})$
$=\sqrt{3} - 3\sqrt{2}$
(3) $\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45} - (5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\dfrac{1}{3} × 3\sqrt{5} - (5 × \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\sqrt{5} - (\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{5})$
$=\sqrt{5} - 2\sqrt{5}$
$=-\sqrt{5}$
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