五、选词并用其适当形式补全短文。(10 分)
| suddenly | review | beat | thankful | hide | terrible | besides | chores | that | expect |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
The Rainstorm
Last Saturday afternoon,I was 1 my lessons for Unit 5 at home. My father was preparing to fix the roof,while my mother was doing 2 in the kitchen. All of a 3,the sky turned dark. The weather report had warned of a rainstorm,but we didn't 4 it so soon.
When the heavy rain started,my little sister was watching TV in the living room. The thunder was so loud 5 it sounded like an alarm. My father quickly made sure our supplies were ready. As soon as the wind began 6 heavily against the windows,my mother asked us to stay inside.
The power went out by the time the storm was at its worst. 7,we had a flashlight. My sister and I were 8 under a table because we felt 9 scared. The storm died down nearly two hours later. 10 some fallen leaves in our yard,everything was fine. We were all safe.
1.
6.
| suddenly | review | beat | thankful | hide | terrible | besides | chores | that | expect |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
The Rainstorm
Last Saturday afternoon,I was 1 my lessons for Unit 5 at home. My father was preparing to fix the roof,while my mother was doing 2 in the kitchen. All of a 3,the sky turned dark. The weather report had warned of a rainstorm,but we didn't 4 it so soon.
When the heavy rain started,my little sister was watching TV in the living room. The thunder was so loud 5 it sounded like an alarm. My father quickly made sure our supplies were ready. As soon as the wind began 6 heavily against the windows,my mother asked us to stay inside.
The power went out by the time the storm was at its worst. 7,we had a flashlight. My sister and I were 8 under a table because we felt 9 scared. The storm died down nearly two hours later. 10 some fallen leaves in our yard,everything was fine. We were all safe.
1.
reviewing
2. chores
3. sudden
4. expect
5. that
6.
beating /to beat
7. Thankfully
8. hiding
9. terribly
10. Besides
答案
1. reviewing 2. chores 3. sudden 4. expect 5. that 6. beating /to beat 7. Thankfully 8. hiding 9. terribly 10. Besides
解析
【分析】
做这类选词并用适当形式补全短文的题目,首先第一步先通读所有备选词汇,明确每个词的词义、词性,提前标记出可变形的方向,比如动词的分词形式、形容词和副词的转换等;第二步通读全文,把握文章整体叙事逻辑,本文讲述的是上周六下午作者一家在家偶遇暴风雨的经历,确定整体叙事的时态基调;第三步逐空分析,先判断空格处所需的词性,结合上下文语义和常见固定搭配,从备选词中筛选出适配的词汇,再根据语法规则变换为正确形式,最后代入全文通读检查逻辑和语法是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 第一空:句意为“上周六下午,我正在家复习第五单元的功课”,空前有be动词was,是过去进行时的结构was+现在分词,备选词review表示“复习”符合语境,因此变为现在分词reviewing。
2. 第二空:句意为“我的妈妈正在厨房里做家务”,固定搭配do chores表示“做家务”,直接填入备选词chores即可。
3. 第三空:固定短语all of a sudden表示“突然”,对应备选词suddenly的名词形式sudden,符合固定搭配要求。
4. 第四空:句意为“天气预报已经预警过有暴风雨,但我们没料到它会来得这么快”,空前有助动词didn't,后面需要接动词原形,备选词expect表示“预料、预想”符合语义,直接填expect。
5. 第五空:固定句型so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,句意为“雷声如此大,以至于听起来像警报声”,因此填入that符合句型要求。
6. 第六空:句意为“风一开始猛烈地拍击窗户”,固定搭配begin doing sth./begin to do sth.都表示“开始做某事”,备选词beat表示“拍打、击打”符合语境,因此可填beating或者to beat。
7. 第七空:句意为“停电了,谢天谢地我们有手电筒”,此处修饰整个句子需要用副词,备选词thankful的副词形式为thankfully,位于句首首字母大写,因此填Thankfully。
8. 第八空:句意为“我和妹妹正躲在桌子底下”,空前有be动词were,是过去进行时的结构were+现在分词,备选词hide表示“躲藏”符合语境,现在分词形式为hiding。
9. 第九空:句意为“我们感到非常害怕”,此处需要副词修饰形容词scared,备选词terrible的副词形式terribly表示“极度、非常”,符合要求。
10. 第十空:句意为“除了我院子里的一些落叶之外,一切都完好”,备选词besides表示“除……之外(还)”,位于句首首字母大写,填Besides符合语义。
【答案】
1. reviewing 2. chores 3. sudden 4. expect 5. that 6. beating /to beat 7. Thankfully 8. hiding 9. terribly 10. Besides
【知识点】
过去进行时;固定短语搭配;词性转换
【点评】
本题以家庭遭遇暴风雨的生活化场景为语篇载体,既考察学生对语篇整体逻辑的理解能力,也重点考察了动词时态变形、固定句型和短语的掌握,以及形容词转副词的规则,易错点集中在句首单词大写、过去进行时的分词变形细节,需要学生结合语义和语法双重判断才能拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类选词并用适当形式补全短文的题目,首先第一步先通读所有备选词汇,明确每个词的词义、词性,提前标记出可变形的方向,比如动词的分词形式、形容词和副词的转换等;第二步通读全文,把握文章整体叙事逻辑,本文讲述的是上周六下午作者一家在家偶遇暴风雨的经历,确定整体叙事的时态基调;第三步逐空分析,先判断空格处所需的词性,结合上下文语义和常见固定搭配,从备选词中筛选出适配的词汇,再根据语法规则变换为正确形式,最后代入全文通读检查逻辑和语法是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 第一空:句意为“上周六下午,我正在家复习第五单元的功课”,空前有be动词was,是过去进行时的结构was+现在分词,备选词review表示“复习”符合语境,因此变为现在分词reviewing。
2. 第二空:句意为“我的妈妈正在厨房里做家务”,固定搭配do chores表示“做家务”,直接填入备选词chores即可。
3. 第三空:固定短语all of a sudden表示“突然”,对应备选词suddenly的名词形式sudden,符合固定搭配要求。
4. 第四空:句意为“天气预报已经预警过有暴风雨,但我们没料到它会来得这么快”,空前有助动词didn't,后面需要接动词原形,备选词expect表示“预料、预想”符合语义,直接填expect。
5. 第五空:固定句型so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,句意为“雷声如此大,以至于听起来像警报声”,因此填入that符合句型要求。
6. 第六空:句意为“风一开始猛烈地拍击窗户”,固定搭配begin doing sth./begin to do sth.都表示“开始做某事”,备选词beat表示“拍打、击打”符合语境,因此可填beating或者to beat。
7. 第七空:句意为“停电了,谢天谢地我们有手电筒”,此处修饰整个句子需要用副词,备选词thankful的副词形式为thankfully,位于句首首字母大写,因此填Thankfully。
8. 第八空:句意为“我和妹妹正躲在桌子底下”,空前有be动词were,是过去进行时的结构were+现在分词,备选词hide表示“躲藏”符合语境,现在分词形式为hiding。
9. 第九空:句意为“我们感到非常害怕”,此处需要副词修饰形容词scared,备选词terrible的副词形式terribly表示“极度、非常”,符合要求。
10. 第十空:句意为“除了我院子里的一些落叶之外,一切都完好”,备选词besides表示“除……之外(还)”,位于句首首字母大写,填Besides符合语义。
【答案】
1. reviewing 2. chores 3. sudden 4. expect 5. that 6. beating /to beat 7. Thankfully 8. hiding 9. terribly 10. Besides
【知识点】
过去进行时;固定短语搭配;词性转换
【点评】
本题以家庭遭遇暴风雨的生活化场景为语篇载体,既考察学生对语篇整体逻辑的理解能力,也重点考察了动词时态变形、固定句型和短语的掌握,以及形容词转副词的规则,易错点集中在句首单词大写、过去进行时的分词变形细节,需要学生结合语义和语法双重判断才能拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.6
六、选择短语并用其适当形式补全短文。(10 分)
| go off | as soon as | beat against | out of breath | security guard |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Last winter,we experienced the worst snowstorm in ten years. That morning,my alarm clock didn't 1,so I nearly missed the school bus. I had to run to the bus stop through the thick snow and was completely 2 when I got there.
3 I sat down on the bus,the sky turned even darker. Our teacher had warned us about the coming storm,but none of us was fully prepared for its power. The snow 4 the windows. By the time we arrived at school,the power was out. We all realized that it would be a long and unusual day. Thankfully,the 5 and teachers kept us secure and warm inside the building.
1.
| go off | as soon as | beat against | out of breath | security guard |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Last winter,we experienced the worst snowstorm in ten years. That morning,my alarm clock didn't 1,so I nearly missed the school bus. I had to run to the bus stop through the thick snow and was completely 2 when I got there.
3 I sat down on the bus,the sky turned even darker. Our teacher had warned us about the coming storm,but none of us was fully prepared for its power. The snow 4 the windows. By the time we arrived at school,the power was out. We all realized that it would be a long and unusual day. Thankfully,the 5 and teachers kept us secure and warm inside the building.
1.
go off
2. out of breath
3. As soon as
4. beat against
5. security guard
答案
1. go off 2. out of breath 3. As soon as 4. beat against 5. security guard
解析
【分析】
首先通读整篇短文,明确文章讲述的是作者遭遇十年一遇的暴风雪时的上学经历,先梳理所有备选短语的含义:go off(闹钟发出响声)、as soon as(一……就……)、beat against(拍打……)、out of breath(上气不接下气)、security guard(保安)。之后逐个分析每个空格的语法要求和语境含义,匹配对应的短语,同时注意语法变形、句首大写等细节,就能推导出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空:根据后文“差点错过校车”的语境,可推断是闹钟没有响,空前有助动词didn't,后面需要接动词原形,go off可以专门表示闹钟响起的含义,完全符合语境,因此填go off。
2. 第二空:前文提到“不得不穿过厚厚的积雪跑向公交站”,长时间快跑后的状态就是上气不接下气,out of breath是固定介词短语,意为“上气不接下气”,放在be动词was后作表语,符合语义,因此填out of breath。
3. 第三空:空格后是两个完整的句子,需要一个引导时间状语从句的连词短语,表达“一坐到车上天就变暗”的逻辑,as soon as正好符合该含义,且放在句首时首字母需要大写,因此填As soon as。
4. 第四空:语境是暴风雪天气里雪不断拍打车窗,全文叙述过去发生的事件,动词要用过去式,beat的过去式和原形一致,beat against表示“拍打、撞击在……上”,符合暴风雪的场景,因此填beat against。
5. 第五空:根据后文“和老师们一起在楼里保护我们的安全、给我们供暖”的描述,可推断对应的身份是保安,security guard意为保安,符合语境,因此填security guard。
【答案】
1. go off 2. out of breath 3. As soon as 4. beat against 5. security guard
【知识点】
短语辨析,固定搭配,时间状语从句
【点评】
本题属于基础的短语运用题型,既考查学生对备选短语含义的识记能力,也考查结合上下文语境匹配内容的逻辑能力,同时兼顾了助动词后接动词原形、句首单词大写等基础语法细节,整体难度不高,学生只要读懂短文大意、熟悉短语含义就很容易得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
首先通读整篇短文,明确文章讲述的是作者遭遇十年一遇的暴风雪时的上学经历,先梳理所有备选短语的含义:go off(闹钟发出响声)、as soon as(一……就……)、beat against(拍打……)、out of breath(上气不接下气)、security guard(保安)。之后逐个分析每个空格的语法要求和语境含义,匹配对应的短语,同时注意语法变形、句首大写等细节,就能推导出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空:根据后文“差点错过校车”的语境,可推断是闹钟没有响,空前有助动词didn't,后面需要接动词原形,go off可以专门表示闹钟响起的含义,完全符合语境,因此填go off。
2. 第二空:前文提到“不得不穿过厚厚的积雪跑向公交站”,长时间快跑后的状态就是上气不接下气,out of breath是固定介词短语,意为“上气不接下气”,放在be动词was后作表语,符合语义,因此填out of breath。
3. 第三空:空格后是两个完整的句子,需要一个引导时间状语从句的连词短语,表达“一坐到车上天就变暗”的逻辑,as soon as正好符合该含义,且放在句首时首字母需要大写,因此填As soon as。
4. 第四空:语境是暴风雪天气里雪不断拍打车窗,全文叙述过去发生的事件,动词要用过去式,beat的过去式和原形一致,beat against表示“拍打、撞击在……上”,符合暴风雪的场景,因此填beat against。
5. 第五空:根据后文“和老师们一起在楼里保护我们的安全、给我们供暖”的描述,可推断对应的身份是保安,security guard意为保安,符合语境,因此填security guard。
【答案】
1. go off 2. out of breath 3. As soon as 4. beat against 5. security guard
【知识点】
短语辨析,固定搭配,时间状语从句
【点评】
本题属于基础的短语运用题型,既考查学生对备选短语含义的识记能力,也考查结合上下文语境匹配内容的逻辑能力,同时兼顾了助动词后接动词原形、句首单词大写等基础语法细节,整体难度不高,学生只要读懂短文大意、熟悉短语含义就很容易得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
七、用括号内所给词的正确形式补全短文。(10 分)
Do kids need homework? Two experts give their different 1(opinion).
Janine,a college teacher,thinks kids need homework. She 2(explain)that homework is very important to students of all ages. Janine thinks doing homework is 3(necessary),especially for primary school students. It is a way for kids to go over what they have learnt at school and develop their 4(learn)habits and study skills. Studies show that homework pays off. Students who enjoy doing their homework are 5(positive)about learning than other students. They also do much better at school.
However,Etta Kralovec 6(disagree). She is the writer of the book The End of Homework. In her opinion,homework is a 7(waste)of time. She said,“I hated homework when I was in primary school. I hated it even more as a parent. I think my kids and I 8(argue)more about homework than about anything else. It made me upset. Some teachers and parents think there is no need for kids 9(do)homework. They think homework keeps kids inside. It stops them from getting exercise and fresh air,and it 10(cause)a lot of stress in students' lives.”
1.
6.
Do kids need homework? Two experts give their different 1(opinion).
Janine,a college teacher,thinks kids need homework. She 2(explain)that homework is very important to students of all ages. Janine thinks doing homework is 3(necessary),especially for primary school students. It is a way for kids to go over what they have learnt at school and develop their 4(learn)habits and study skills. Studies show that homework pays off. Students who enjoy doing their homework are 5(positive)about learning than other students. They also do much better at school.
However,Etta Kralovec 6(disagree). She is the writer of the book The End of Homework. In her opinion,homework is a 7(waste)of time. She said,“I hated homework when I was in primary school. I hated it even more as a parent. I think my kids and I 8(argue)more about homework than about anything else. It made me upset. Some teachers and parents think there is no need for kids 9(do)homework. They think homework keeps kids inside. It stops them from getting exercise and fresh air,and it 10(cause)a lot of stress in students' lives.”
1.
opinions
2. explains
3. necessary
4. learning
5. more positive
6.
disagrees
7. waste
8. argued
9. to do
10. causes
答案
1. opinions 2. explains 3. necessary 4. learning 5. more positive 6. disagrees 7. waste 8. argued 9. to do 10. causes
解析
【分析】
做这类词形转换补全短文的题目,首先第一步先通读全文,明确文章整体主时态为一般现在时,同时部分描述过去经历的语境使用一般过去时。之后逐个结合空格前后的语法线索、固定搭配、语义逻辑判断词形变化:看到空前的different立刻想到可数名词要变复数;主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要符合主谓一致规则;看到than要立刻想到用形容词的比较级;遇到固定结构直接套用对应形式,一步步推导就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空前有形容词different(不同的),后面接可数名词复数,opinion是可数名词,复数形式为opinions。
2. 句子主语She是第三人称单数,全文主时态为一般现在时,谓语动词要遵循主谓一致规则,explain变为explains。
3. 空格位于be动词is之后作表语,需要用形容词形式,necessary本身就是形容词,直接填necessary。
4. 空格修饰后面的名词habits,用动名词作定语表示属性,learning habits是固定表达“学习习惯”,填learning。
5. 空后有明显的比较级标志词than,形容词positive要变为比较级more positive,表示“更积极的”。
6. 主语Etta Kralovec是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词disagree变为disagrees。
7. 固定搭配a waste of time表示“浪费时间”,此处填名词原形waste。
8. 前文语境描述的是Etta过去当家长时发生的事,要用一般过去时,argue的过去式为argued。
9. 固定结构there is no need for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人没有必要做某事”,填不定式to do。
10. 主语it是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词cause变为causes。
【答案】
1. opinions 2. explains 3. necessary 4. learning 5. more positive 6. disagrees 7. waste 8. argued 9. to do 10. causes
【知识点】
名词单复数变化;主谓一致规则;固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题是典型的语篇型词形转换题,综合考察初中低年级的核心词法基础,既需要学生掌握各类词性的变形规则,也要求学生结合上下文语境判断时态差异,避免脱离语篇孤立变形的错误,能有效检验学生的基础语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类词形转换补全短文的题目,首先第一步先通读全文,明确文章整体主时态为一般现在时,同时部分描述过去经历的语境使用一般过去时。之后逐个结合空格前后的语法线索、固定搭配、语义逻辑判断词形变化:看到空前的different立刻想到可数名词要变复数;主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要符合主谓一致规则;看到than要立刻想到用形容词的比较级;遇到固定结构直接套用对应形式,一步步推导就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空前有形容词different(不同的),后面接可数名词复数,opinion是可数名词,复数形式为opinions。
2. 句子主语She是第三人称单数,全文主时态为一般现在时,谓语动词要遵循主谓一致规则,explain变为explains。
3. 空格位于be动词is之后作表语,需要用形容词形式,necessary本身就是形容词,直接填necessary。
4. 空格修饰后面的名词habits,用动名词作定语表示属性,learning habits是固定表达“学习习惯”,填learning。
5. 空后有明显的比较级标志词than,形容词positive要变为比较级more positive,表示“更积极的”。
6. 主语Etta Kralovec是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词disagree变为disagrees。
7. 固定搭配a waste of time表示“浪费时间”,此处填名词原形waste。
8. 前文语境描述的是Etta过去当家长时发生的事,要用一般过去时,argue的过去式为argued。
9. 固定结构there is no need for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人没有必要做某事”,填不定式to do。
10. 主语it是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词cause变为causes。
【答案】
1. opinions 2. explains 3. necessary 4. learning 5. more positive 6. disagrees 7. waste 8. argued 9. to do 10. causes
【知识点】
名词单复数变化;主谓一致规则;固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题是典型的语篇型词形转换题,综合考察初中低年级的核心词法基础,既需要学生掌握各类词性的变形规则,也要求学生结合上下文语境判断时态差异,避免脱离语篇孤立变形的错误,能有效检验学生的基础语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
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