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训练4 体裁：议论文 主题：比赛 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/5
The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament(锦标赛). You're ready to win ... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and gets a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players： participation awards(参与奖). Everyone reacts differently. Some cheer with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don't know how to feel ...
Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That's because when the first youth sports tournament was created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive(竞争的) than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were worried. Some schools even stopped holding sports programmes completely.
But then came a solution： participation awards. The point was to take the focus away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and hard work, or sticking to something. Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed. "Winning isn't everything," says Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids' feelings and behaviour. "The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort. Praising(赞扬) effort has an amazing influence. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude."
But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. Some even believe it is time to toss them aside for good. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don't get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved(值得).
So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award?
1. What's the writing purpose(目的) of Paragraph 1?
A. To talk about a soccer game.
B. To compare two kinds of awards.
C. To show how people feel about awards.
D. To lead the topic of participation awards.
2. What can we learn about participation awards from Paragraph 2?
A. They were created to make sports safer for kids.
B. They were made to make games more competitive.
C. They started with the first youth sports tournament.
D. They were used by schools to solve parents' worries.
3. What does Kenneth Barish mainly want to tell us?
A. How awards can affect game results.
B. Why participation awards are needed.
C. How participation awards stop competing.
D. Why winning shouldn't be taken seriously.
4. What do the underlined words "toss them aside for good" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Keep them in mind.
B. Turn them into money.
C. Treat them as fun things.
D. Throw them away forever.
5. What does the writer think of participation awards?
A. He doesn't care.
B. He supports them.
C. He sees both sides.
D. He questions them.
The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament(锦标赛). You're ready to win ... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and gets a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players： participation awards(参与奖). Everyone reacts differently. Some cheer with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don't know how to feel ...
Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That's because when the first youth sports tournament was created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive(竞争的) than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were worried. Some schools even stopped holding sports programmes completely.
But then came a solution： participation awards. The point was to take the focus away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and hard work, or sticking to something. Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed. "Winning isn't everything," says Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids' feelings and behaviour. "The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort. Praising(赞扬) effort has an amazing influence. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude."
But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. Some even believe it is time to toss them aside for good. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don't get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved(值得).
So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award?
1. What's the writing purpose(目的) of Paragraph 1?
A. To talk about a soccer game.
B. To compare two kinds of awards.
C. To show how people feel about awards.
D. To lead the topic of participation awards.
2. What can we learn about participation awards from Paragraph 2?
A. They were created to make sports safer for kids.
B. They were made to make games more competitive.
C. They started with the first youth sports tournament.
D. They were used by schools to solve parents' worries.
3. What does Kenneth Barish mainly want to tell us?
A. How awards can affect game results.
B. Why participation awards are needed.
C. How participation awards stop competing.
D. Why winning shouldn't be taken seriously.
4. What do the underlined words "toss them aside for good" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Keep them in mind.
B. Turn them into money.
C. Treat them as fun things.
D. Throw them away forever.
5. What does the writer think of participation awards?
A. He doesn't care.
B. He supports them.
C. He sees both sides.
D. He questions them.
答案
1. D 推理判断题。根据第一段“The big day is finally here ... But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation awards.”可知本段通过描述足球比赛和人们对参与奖的不同反应，引出本文的话题。故选D。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童安全。故选A。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”和“The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them— not for winning, but for their effort.”可知肯尼思·巴里什强调参与奖的必要性在于肯定孩子们的努力。故选B。
4. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”和下文“Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved.”可知本段介绍反对参与奖的观点，给每个人颁奖会发出错误信息，参与奖让孩子们在不应得的时候期待奖项，由此可推知“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”。故选D。
5. C 推理判断题。作者在文中没有明确表示支持或反对参与奖，第三段用“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”引出支持者的观点，第四段用“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”引出反对者的观点，最后一段以开放性问题“So what do you think?”结束，由此可知作者客观地呈现了正反两方的论点，持中立态度。故选C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童安全。故选A。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”和“The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them— not for winning, but for their effort.”可知肯尼思·巴里什强调参与奖的必要性在于肯定孩子们的努力。故选B。
4. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”和下文“Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved.”可知本段介绍反对参与奖的观点，给每个人颁奖会发出错误信息，参与奖让孩子们在不应得的时候期待奖项，由此可推知“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”。故选D。
5. C 推理判断题。作者在文中没有明确表示支持或反对参与奖，第三段用“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”引出支持者的观点，第四段用“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”引出反对者的观点，最后一段以开放性问题“So what do you think?”结束，由此可知作者客观地呈现了正反两方的论点，持中立态度。故选C。
解析
【分析】
本题为议论文阅读理解，包含细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测三类核心题型。解题思路：1. 细节题需定位原文对应段落，匹配题干关键词的信息；2. 推理题要结合上下文逻辑分析观点，避免主观臆断；3. 词义猜测题需关注划线词前后的语境态度，结合段落主旨推断；4. 作者观点题需梳理全文正反观点，判断作者是否明确表态。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：第一段通过描述足球决赛失利后发放参与奖的场景，引出“参与奖”这一话题，对应选项D。A仅为段落表面内容，B未提及，C是部分反应而非写作目的，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖初衷是保障儿童运动安全，对应选项A。B与原文相反，C偷换时间，D未提及，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：第三段中Kenneth Barish强调要肯定孩子的努力而非胜利，说明参与奖的必要性，对应选项B。A未涉及奖项对比赛结果的影响，C未提及阻止竞争，D与原文“Winning isn't everything”不符，故选B。
4. 词义猜测题：第四段围绕反对参与奖的观点展开，划线短语所在句意为“有些人认为该永久摒弃它们”，结合“teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved”可知，toss them aside for good意为“永久扔掉”，对应选项D。A、B、C均不符合语境，故选D。
5. 推理判断题：作者在文中客观呈现参与奖的正反两方观点，未明确支持或反对，最后以开放性问题收尾，说明作者持中立态度，对应选项C。A不符，B、D均为明确态度，与原文不符，故选C。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
议论文阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文围绕“参与奖”展开议论，题型覆盖英语阅读核心考点，需学生具备快速定位原文、分析逻辑及判断作者态度的能力，是训练议论文阅读的典型题目。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为议论文阅读理解，包含细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测三类核心题型。解题思路：1. 细节题需定位原文对应段落，匹配题干关键词的信息；2. 推理题要结合上下文逻辑分析观点，避免主观臆断；3. 词义猜测题需关注划线词前后的语境态度，结合段落主旨推断；4. 作者观点题需梳理全文正反观点，判断作者是否明确表态。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：第一段通过描述足球决赛失利后发放参与奖的场景，引出“参与奖”这一话题，对应选项D。A仅为段落表面内容，B未提及，C是部分反应而非写作目的，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖初衷是保障儿童运动安全，对应选项A。B与原文相反，C偷换时间，D未提及，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：第三段中Kenneth Barish强调要肯定孩子的努力而非胜利，说明参与奖的必要性，对应选项B。A未涉及奖项对比赛结果的影响，C未提及阻止竞争，D与原文“Winning isn't everything”不符，故选B。
4. 词义猜测题：第四段围绕反对参与奖的观点展开，划线短语所在句意为“有些人认为该永久摒弃它们”，结合“teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved”可知，toss them aside for good意为“永久扔掉”，对应选项D。A、B、C均不符合语境，故选D。
5. 推理判断题：作者在文中客观呈现参与奖的正反两方观点，未明确支持或反对，最后以开放性问题收尾，说明作者持中立态度，对应选项C。A不符，B、D均为明确态度，与原文不符，故选C。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
议论文阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文围绕“参与奖”展开议论，题型覆盖英语阅读核心考点，需学生具备快速定位原文、分析逻辑及判断作者态度的能力，是训练议论文阅读的典型题目。
【难度系数】
0.5
