五、短文填空
A
KEY→P24
范畴:人与自然 主题:自然生态 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/10
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
(2025·连云港)When people do not get enough food, they cannot grow strong or healthy. We should eat plenty of 1. v and other plant-based foods in our diets. They provide necessary nutrients(营养) for our 2. h.
Scientists are working hard to make sure that everyone can have 3. e food to eat. They are thinking of all kinds of new ways to 4. g plants. For example, they create plants that can live in difficult conditions, and use technology to grow fresh food in 5. p like deserts.
It's quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very 6. l water and poor-quality soil. Sometimes there is even salt in the soil, which makes it 7. h for most plants to live.
However, over time, plants have 8. w out many clever ways to deal with the challenges of living in the desert. Desert plants have small, narrow leaves or wax layers(蜡层) on their leaves to 9. p themselves from the sun. They also have deep roots(根) that go far into the ground for 10. w. Some plants can take in salt and store it in their cells.

A
本文主要介绍了食物对健康的重要性以及科学家们为解决全球粮食问题而采取的创新方法,特别是如何在极端环境(如沙漠)中种植植物,同时介绍了沙漠植物为了生存而进化出的独特适应机制。
1. vegetables 根据 and other plant-based foods in our diets 可知,要吃大量的蔬菜,vegetable 蔬菜,用名词复数。
2. health 根据语境可知,蔬菜可以为我们的健康提供营养,health 健康,不可数名词。
3. enough 根据 food to eat 可知,确保每个人有足够的食物吃,enough 足够的。
4. grow 根据 they create plants that can live in difficult conditions 可知,科学家在想新的办法种植植物,grow 种植,动词不定式符号 to 后加动词原形。
5. places 根据 like deserts 可知,是在像沙漠这样的地方,place 地方,用名词复数。
6. little 根据“It's quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very ... water”可知,沙漠里几乎没有水,little 几乎没有。
7. hard/harder 根据 there is even salt in the soil 可知,土壤里有盐,大多数植物在这样的土壤中很难生存,hard 难的,此处可用形容词原级,也可用比较级。
8. worked 根据“... out many clever ways”可知,是想出了办法,work out 找到(解决办法等),此处用过去分词和 have 构成现在完成时。
9. protect 根据语境可知,这些蜡层可以保护它们免受阳光的伤害,“protect ... from ...”意为“保护……免受……的伤害”,动词不定式符号 to 后加动词原形。
10. water 根据“They also have deep roots that go far into the ground for ...”可知,根深入地下寻找水。

【分析】做短文填空时，需结合上下文语境、首字母提示，同时考虑单词的词性、数的变化及固定搭配，逐空分析句意匹配单词。例如根据“plant-based foods”可推断第1空为蔬菜类词汇，根据固定搭配“work out”可确定第8空的动词形式，需注意名词单复数、动词时态等细节。
【解析】1. vegetables：由句中“other plant-based foods”及首字母v，可知需填蔬菜类名词，与foods并列用复数，故填vegetables。2. health：根据句意“为我们的______提供营养”及首字母h，可知是健康（不可数名词），故填health。3. enough：由“everyone can have ____ food to eat”及首字母e，可知是足够的，修饰名词food，故填enough。4. grow：根据“new ways to ____ plants”及首字母g，结合后文“create plants”可知是种植，不定式符号to后用动词原形，故填grow。5. places：由“like deserts”及首字母p，可知是地方，deserts为复数，故用places，故填places。6. little：根据“deserts...have very ____ water”及首字母l，沙漠几乎无水，water不可数，用little修饰，故填little。7. hard/harder：由“there is even salt in the soil”及首字母h，可知有盐让植物难生存，可用原级hard或比较级harder，故填hard/harder。8. worked：根据“have ____ out many clever ways”及首字母w，固定搭配work out（想出），现在完成时需用过去分词，故填worked。9. protect：由“to ____ themselves from the sun”及首字母p，固定搭配protect...from...（保护免受），不定式符号to后用动词原形，故填protect。10. water：根据“deep roots...for ____”及首字母w，根深入地下为获取水，故填water。
【答案】1.vegetables 2.health 3.enough 4.grow 5.places 6.little 7.hard/harder 8.worked 9.protect 10.water
【知识点】词汇运用、语境理解、固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕自然生态主题，为说明文类短文填空，考察学生词汇掌握、语境理解及固定搭配运用能力，难度适中，需结合句意与首字母综合判断。
【难度系数】0.6