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五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Making waves
We can see waves on lakes or seas. Waves are energy, not water. Usually, the wind provides the energy. Sometimes, an earthquake under the sea makes huge energy suddenly. This travels across the sea very quickly, then slows and grows in height when it reaches land.
The parts of a wave
We call the top of the wave the crest and the bottom the trough. The distance(距离） between the crest and the trough is the wave 53. The distance between one crest and the next is the wave length.
How far waves go
Waves stop when the wind stops giving them energy. If the wind continues giving them energy, they can travel to the other side of the world. On rocks, waves break, and make a lot of water. On a beach, the sand or stones slow the bottom part of the wave. The crest rises to the highest point, and then moves over the top. It makes the “classic” wave shape, and breaks on the shore.
注：每题答案不超过7个单词。
51. Are waves energy or water?
52. What can provide the energy for waves?
53. Please write ONE suitable word in the blank in Paragraph 2.
54. What is made when waves break on rocks?
55. Please write a title for this passage.
Making waves
We can see waves on lakes or seas. Waves are energy, not water. Usually, the wind provides the energy. Sometimes, an earthquake under the sea makes huge energy suddenly. This travels across the sea very quickly, then slows and grows in height when it reaches land.
The parts of a wave
We call the top of the wave the crest and the bottom the trough. The distance(距离） between the crest and the trough is the wave 53. The distance between one crest and the next is the wave length.
How far waves go
Waves stop when the wind stops giving them energy. If the wind continues giving them energy, they can travel to the other side of the world. On rocks, waves break, and make a lot of water. On a beach, the sand or stones slow the bottom part of the wave. The crest rises to the highest point, and then moves over the top. It makes the “classic” wave shape, and breaks on the shore.
注：每题答案不超过7个单词。
51. Are waves energy or water?
(They are) Energy.
52. What can provide the energy for waves?
The wind and earthquakes under the sea.
53. Please write ONE suitable word in the blank in Paragraph 2.
height
54. What is made when waves break on rocks?
(Lots of/A lot of/Much) Water.
55. Please write a title for this passage.
Waves/An introduction of waves
答案
51. (They are) Energy. 52. The wind and earthquakes under the sea. 53. height
54. (Lots of/A lot of/Much) Water.
55. Waves/An introduction of waves
54. (Lots of/A lot of/Much) Water.
55. Waves/An introduction of waves
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需根据问题定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息，同时注意答案不超过7个单词的要求。51题需明确波浪的本质，52题需找出波浪的能量来源，53题需结合波浪各部分的定义填空，54题需提取波浪在岩石破碎时的产物，55题需概括全文核心内容。
【解析】
51题：定位原文第一段第二句“Waves are energy, not water.”，直接提取答案，符合字数要求；
52题：定位第一段第三句“Usually, the wind provides the energy.”和第四句“Sometimes, an earthquake under the sea makes huge energy suddenly.”，整合两个能量来源，符合要求；
53题：第二段定义了波浪的顶部（crest）和底部（trough），结合原文提及的“grows in height”，可知crest与trough的距离对应height；
54题：定位第三段“On rocks, waves break, and make a lot of water.”，提取关键内容，符合字数要求；
55题：全文围绕“waves”展开，介绍其定义、能量来源、结构、传播及破碎情况，核心主题为waves，故标题选Waves。
【答案】
51. (They are) Energy. 52. The wind and earthquakes under the sea. 53. height 54. (A lot of) Water. 55. Waves
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为英语基础阅读题，侧重考查学生从原文提取信息的能力和主旨概括能力，题目难度较低，只要仔细阅读原文即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语阅读理解题，需根据问题定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息，同时注意答案不超过7个单词的要求。51题需明确波浪的本质，52题需找出波浪的能量来源，53题需结合波浪各部分的定义填空，54题需提取波浪在岩石破碎时的产物，55题需概括全文核心内容。
【解析】
51题：定位原文第一段第二句“Waves are energy, not water.”，直接提取答案，符合字数要求；
52题：定位第一段第三句“Usually, the wind provides the energy.”和第四句“Sometimes, an earthquake under the sea makes huge energy suddenly.”，整合两个能量来源，符合要求；
53题：第二段定义了波浪的顶部（crest）和底部（trough），结合原文提及的“grows in height”，可知crest与trough的距离对应height；
54题：定位第三段“On rocks, waves break, and make a lot of water.”，提取关键内容，符合字数要求；
55题：全文围绕“waves”展开，介绍其定义、能量来源、结构、传播及破碎情况，核心主题为waves，故标题选Waves。
【答案】
51. (They are) Energy. 52. The wind and earthquakes under the sea. 53. height 54. (A lot of) Water. 55. Waves
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为英语基础阅读题，侧重考查学生从原文提取信息的能力和主旨概括能力，题目难度较低，只要仔细阅读原文即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8
六、连词成句。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
56. isn't, the bottle, there, water, any, in
57. must, the library, keep, in, quiet, you
58. his, finished, Tom, tried, fourth, and, best
59. away, Nancy, since, has, from, been, home, last year
60. the boy, brave, climb, was, to the top, enough, to
56. isn't, the bottle, there, water, any, in
57. must, the library, keep, in, quiet, you
58. his, finished, Tom, tried, fourth, and, best
59. away, Nancy, since, has, from, been, home, last year
60. the boy, brave, climb, was, to the top, enough, to
答案
56. There isn't any water in the bottle. /Isn't there any water in the bottle? 57. You must keep quiet in the library. /Must you keep quiet in the library? 58. Tom tried his best and finished fourth. 59. Nancy has been away from home since last year. /Has Nancy been away from home since last year? 60. The boy was brave enough to climb to the top. /Was the boy brave enough to climb to the top?
解析
【分析】做连词成句题时，先观察所给单词确定核心句型，结合固定搭配、时态要求调整语序，注意大小写和标点，部分题目可转换为一般疑问句。具体思路：56题含there和isn't，确定为there be句型；57题含情态动词must，需搭配动词原形和固定搭配；58题涉及并列谓语结构；59题含has和since，对应现在完成时；60题考查enough to的固定结构。
【解析】
56. 先确定there be句型，将there置于句首，isn't为be动词否定形式，any water作主语，in the bottle作地点状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：There isn't any water in the bottle. / Isn't there any water in the bottle?
57. 情态动词must后接动词原形，主语为you，固定搭配keep quiet，in the library作地点状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：You must keep quiet in the library. / Must you keep quiet in the library?
58. 主语为Tom，固定搭配try his best，and连接并列谓语，finish fourth表示“获得第四名”，组成句子：Tom tried his best and finished fourth.
59. 现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，be away from是固定短语，主语Nancy，since last year作时间状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：Nancy has been away from home since last year. / Has Nancy been away from home since last year?
60. 结构be brave enough to do sth，主语the boy，climb to the top作不定式部分，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：The boy was brave enough to climb to the top. / Was the boy brave enough to climb to the top?
【答案】56. There isn't any water in the bottle. /Isn't there any water in the bottle? 57. You must keep quiet in the library. /Must you keep quiet in the library? 58. Tom tried his best and finished fourth. 59. Nancy has been away from home since last year. /Has Nancy been away from home since last year? 60. The boy was brave enough to climb to the top. /Was the boy brave enough to climb to the top?
【知识点】连词成句、英语基本句型、固定搭配
【点评】本题为初中英语基础题型，考察学生对核心句型、固定搭配及语序的掌握，部分题目涉及一般疑问句转换，需注意大小写和标点，是巩固英语基础的典型题目。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
56. 先确定there be句型，将there置于句首，isn't为be动词否定形式，any water作主语，in the bottle作地点状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：There isn't any water in the bottle. / Isn't there any water in the bottle?
57. 情态动词must后接动词原形，主语为you，固定搭配keep quiet，in the library作地点状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：You must keep quiet in the library. / Must you keep quiet in the library?
58. 主语为Tom，固定搭配try his best，and连接并列谓语，finish fourth表示“获得第四名”，组成句子：Tom tried his best and finished fourth.
59. 现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，be away from是固定短语，主语Nancy，since last year作时间状语，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：Nancy has been away from home since last year. / Has Nancy been away from home since last year?
60. 结构be brave enough to do sth，主语the boy，climb to the top作不定式部分，可组成陈述句或一般疑问句：The boy was brave enough to climb to the top. / Was the boy brave enough to climb to the top?
【答案】56. There isn't any water in the bottle. /Isn't there any water in the bottle? 57. You must keep quiet in the library. /Must you keep quiet in the library? 58. Tom tried his best and finished fourth. 59. Nancy has been away from home since last year. /Has Nancy been away from home since last year? 60. The boy was brave enough to climb to the top. /Was the boy brave enough to climb to the top?
【知识点】连词成句、英语基本句型、固定搭配
【点评】本题为初中英语基础题型，考察学生对核心句型、固定搭配及语序的掌握，部分题目涉及一般疑问句转换，需注意大小写和标点，是巩固英语基础的典型题目。
【难度系数】0.6
