三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More and more people travel around the world, so it is important to know how to react 10. to cultural differences. It will help you communicate well with foreigners and understand many different 11. .
In Brazil, people are very friendly. It's 12. important custom to greet everyone when you come and leave. Women often greet men by 13. or kissing on the cheeks, but men usually shake hands. Brazilians stand so close to each other 14. they often touch each other's arms and backs while talking.
In Japan, people are often formal, and many visitors are 15. by this. They don't stand too close unless they know the person well. It's uncommon 16. or hug others in public. When you enter a room, you should knock on the door first.
In India, always greet the oldest person first. When I first 17. India, I didn't know this and made some mistakes. Also, remember to keep your shoes off in some places. Before 18. , you should say goodbye to everyone. It takes time to get used 19. this custom.

三、10. correctly 11. customs 12. an 13. hugging
14. that 15. surprised 16. to touch 17. visited
18. leaving 19. to

【分析】
拿到这道短文填空题，首先第一步先通读全文，理清文章主旨：本文介绍了巴西、日本、印度三个国家的特色文化习俗，核心是告诉读者要正确应对不同的文化差异。接下来逐个分析空格：先判断每个空格在句子中充当的成分，结合上下文语义、基础语法规则、固定短语搭配来推导答案，比如修饰动词要用副词，介词后要接动名词，so...that...、get used to这类固定结构要熟记，同时注意名词单复数、时态语态的变化，就能顺利推出所有答案。
【解析】
10. 此处修饰动词react，需要用副词形式，结合句意“知道如何正确应对文化差异很重要”，correct的副词形式为correctly，故填correctly。
11. 空格前有形容词different，后面要接可数名词复数，全文围绕不同的文化习俗展开，custom的复数形式是customs，故填customs。
12. 此处泛指“一项重要的习俗”，important是以元音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词an，故填an。
13. 空格前有介词by，介词后面要接动名词形式，同时后文并列结构是kissing，hug的动名词形式是hugging，故填hugging。
14. 此处是固定结构so...that...，表示“如此……以至于……”，句意为“巴西人彼此站得非常近，以至于交谈时经常碰到对方的手臂和后背”，故填that。
15. 此处是被动语态结构be done，句意为“很多游客对此感到很惊讶”，surprise的过去分词转化为形容词surprised，表示“感到惊讶的”，符合语境，故填surprised。
16. 此处是固定句型it is + adj. + to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，同时并列后面的hug，故填to touch。
17. 根据后文的didn't know可知句子是一般过去时，此处表示“我第一次访问印度的时候”，visit的过去式是visited，故填visited。
18. 空格前有介词Before，介词后面要接动名词形式，句意为“在离开之前，你要和所有人道别”，leave的动名词形式是leaving，故填leaving。
19. 此处是固定搭配get used to，表示“习惯于”，故填to。
【答案】
10. correctly 11. customs 12. an 13. hugging 14. that 15. surprised 16. to touch 17. visited 18. leaving 19. to
【知识点】
词性转换，固定搭配，非谓语动词
【点评】
本题属于文化主题的基础语法填空题，考点全部都是初中阶段的高频核心语法点，同时融入了不同国家的文化常识，既考察学生对词形变化、固定短语的掌握程度，也能帮助学生拓展跨文化交际的相关知识，整体没有偏题怪题，只要掌握基础语法规则就能顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
Most people who are in a foreign country may experience a period of time when they feel homesick and have a lot of stress. This feeling is often called "culture shock". It is important to understand it and learn how to deal with it if you want to successfully fit into the new culture.
Generally speaking, when you arrive in a new country, you'll be interested in the new culture. Everything seems exciting, and everyone seems friendly and helpful. It is the excitement stage.
But it won't be long before you move on to the second stage. The excitement you felt at first changes to stress soon. It seems that everything is difficult. The language is hard to learn, friends are difficult to make, and even simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges. At this stage, you may feel worried.
However, culture shock won't last very long, either. If you're one of those who can stick it out, you'll move to the recovery stage. At this point, you start to understand and accept the way people behave in the new environment. It is easier and clearer to understand its customs and traditions, and you start to deal with new challenges in humourous ways.
When you enter the home stage, you may enjoy yourself happily. This is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture. You'll get used to the new culture.
It's important to know that culture shock is normal. Everyone in a new country will go through it. Just be brave and active. Then getting used to the new culture will be a piece of cake.
20. What is culture shock?
21. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
22. Why do people feel stressed at the second stage?
23. How will people solve new challenges at the recovery stage?
24. What are people supposed to do when they face culture shock?

四、20. It is a period of time when people in a foreign
country feel homesick and have a lot of stress.
21. It is about the excitement stage.
22. Because it seems that everything is difficult/
everything seems difficult.
23. They will solve/deal with new challenges in
humourous ways.
24. They are supposed to understand it is normal,
be brave and active,and try to get used to the
new culture.

【分析】
这是一篇介绍文化冲击发展阶段的阅读理解问答题，解题时可以按照"题干关键词定位原文→提取匹配信息→调整内容适配问题作答"的思路完成：1. 先通读题干明确每道题的提问方向，区分不同疑问词对应的作答逻辑，比如what问事物定义、why问原因、how问方式等；2. 带着每道题的核心关键词回到原文对应段落查找原句，所有题目的答案都可以在原文中直接找到依据，不需要额外主观发挥；3. 作答时保证内容要点完整、语法通顺即可。
【解析】
逐题对应原文推导答案：
20. 定位原文第一段前两句，原文点明身处外国的人会经历一段想家、压力很大的时期，这种感受就叫做文化冲击，直接整合对应表述即可得到答案。
21. 通读第二段，段末直接点明该阶段是"兴奋阶段"，整段内容都围绕刚到新国家时对一切事物都充满兴趣、觉得新鲜刺激的状态展开，因此第二段的核心内容就是介绍兴奋阶段。
22. 定位原文第三段，进入第二阶段后最初的兴奋转变为压力，原文明确表述"It seems that everything is difficult"，后续列举的语言难学、交友困难等内容都是对该核心原因的补充说明，因此压力产生的原因是一切看起来都很困难。
23. 定位原文第四段的恢复阶段部分，原文明确说明在这个阶段人们会开始用幽默的方式应对新挑战，直接提取对应表述即可。
24. 定位原文最后一段，文中给出的应对文化冲击的提示包括：明白文化冲击是正常现象、保持勇敢积极的心态、逐步适应新文化，整合所有要点就得到完整答案。
【答案】
20. It is a period of time when people in a foreign country feel homesick and have a lot of stress.
21. It is about the excitement stage.
22. Because it seems that everything is difficult/everything seems difficult.
23. They will solve/deal with new challenges in humourous ways.
24. They are supposed to understand it is normal, be brave and active,and try to get used to the new culture.
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，特殊疑问词作答，跨文化常识
【点评】
本题属于基础细节类阅读问答题，所有答案均能在原文中直接找到对应依据，无需复杂的推理和概括，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息、规范完成特殊疑问句作答的能力，同时也能帮助学生了解文化冲击的相关知识，掌握身处陌生文化环境时的调整方法。
【难度系数】
0.8