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三、阅读七选五
What's the best way to study for a big test? And what's the best way to remember information? I have an important test next week and want to try something new, maybe music. The research on music and memory(记忆) is interesting. 1
Music in the background may help learning, but it depends on the person and the music. One Canadian study shows that students with good memories learn vocabulary words better when they listen to quiet music. Students with poor memories do worse. 2 It should be soft and gentle. Even people with good memories learn and remember less if they listen to noisy, angry music.
Another study in the UK and Sweden looks at music and solving(解决) problems. In the study, they ask people to solve a problem and think creatively. 3 But when people work with background conversation, it does not hurt their problem solving. If you have to pay attention, background noise may be OK but music hurts rather than helps.
4 Songs and rhymes(押韵) are very good at this. In a study at the University of Edinburgh, students learned words in Hungarian much more quickly when they put them in a song. It's not the music itself, it's the structure. Songs repeat both sounds and beats. The end of each line in a song often has the same sound or rhyme. 5 Do you know the alphabet song that begins: A B C D E F G, H I J K, L M N O P? The beats and the rhyming of G and P help children to remember the letters.
A. This helps your memory.
B. The kind of music is also important.
C. So people learn better with good memories.
D. Music can help you learn and remember in certain ways.
E. People do worse on the work if there is background music.
F. Certain kinds of music really help us remember information.
G. People can solve problems quickly when there is background music around.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What's the best way to study for a big test? And what's the best way to remember information? I have an important test next week and want to try something new, maybe music. The research on music and memory(记忆) is interesting. 1
Music in the background may help learning, but it depends on the person and the music. One Canadian study shows that students with good memories learn vocabulary words better when they listen to quiet music. Students with poor memories do worse. 2 It should be soft and gentle. Even people with good memories learn and remember less if they listen to noisy, angry music.
Another study in the UK and Sweden looks at music and solving(解决) problems. In the study, they ask people to solve a problem and think creatively. 3 But when people work with background conversation, it does not hurt their problem solving. If you have to pay attention, background noise may be OK but music hurts rather than helps.
4 Songs and rhymes(押韵) are very good at this. In a study at the University of Edinburgh, students learned words in Hungarian much more quickly when they put them in a song. It's not the music itself, it's the structure. Songs repeat both sounds and beats. The end of each line in a song often has the same sound or rhyme. 5 Do you know the alphabet song that begins: A B C D E F G, H I J K, L M N O P? The beats and the rhyming of G and P help children to remember the letters.
A. This helps your memory.
B. The kind of music is also important.
C. So people learn better with good memories.
D. Music can help you learn and remember in certain ways.
E. People do worse on the work if there is background music.
F. Certain kinds of music really help us remember information.
G. People can solve problems quickly when there is background music around.
1.
D
2.
B
3.
E
4.
F
5.
A
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐对学习和记忆的影响。
1. D 根据上文“What's the best way to study for a big test?”和“The research on music and memory is interesting.”可知此处引出音乐对学习和记忆的影响；D项“音乐在某些方面能帮助你学习和记忆。”概括了研究的主题。故选D。
2. B 根据上文“Music in the background may help learning, but it depends on the person and the music.”可知背景音乐对学习的影响取决于人和音乐，再根据下文的对比“soft and gentle”和“noisy, angry music”可知此处强调音乐类型的重要性。故选B。
3. E 根据下文“But when people work with background conversation, it does not hurt their problem solving. If you have to pay attention, background noise may be OK but music hurts rather than helps.”可知当你需要集中注意力时，背景音乐比噪音带来更多伤害，此处应介绍背景音乐的负面效果；E项“如果有背景音乐，人们在工作上表现更差。”符合语境。故选E。
4. F 根据下文“Songs and rhymes are very good at this...”可知本段介绍押韵歌曲有助于记忆，此处位于段首，为段落的主题句；F项“某些类型的音乐确实能帮助我们记忆信息。”能引出下文。故选F。
5. A 根据上文“The end of each line in a song often has the same sound or rhyme.”和下文“The beats and the rhyming of G and P help children to remember the letters.”可知歌曲中的押韵有助于记忆。故选A。
1. D 根据上文“What's the best way to study for a big test?”和“The research on music and memory is interesting.”可知此处引出音乐对学习和记忆的影响；D项“音乐在某些方面能帮助你学习和记忆。”概括了研究的主题。故选D。
2. B 根据上文“Music in the background may help learning, but it depends on the person and the music.”可知背景音乐对学习的影响取决于人和音乐，再根据下文的对比“soft and gentle”和“noisy, angry music”可知此处强调音乐类型的重要性。故选B。
3. E 根据下文“But when people work with background conversation, it does not hurt their problem solving. If you have to pay attention, background noise may be OK but music hurts rather than helps.”可知当你需要集中注意力时，背景音乐比噪音带来更多伤害，此处应介绍背景音乐的负面效果；E项“如果有背景音乐，人们在工作上表现更差。”符合语境。故选E。
4. F 根据下文“Songs and rhymes are very good at this...”可知本段介绍押韵歌曲有助于记忆，此处位于段首，为段落的主题句；F项“某些类型的音乐确实能帮助我们记忆信息。”能引出下文。故选F。
5. A 根据上文“The end of each line in a song often has the same sound or rhyme.”和下文“The beats and the rhyming of G and P help children to remember the letters.”可知歌曲中的押韵有助于记忆。故选A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类阅读七选五，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍不同场景下音乐对学习、记忆的不同影响。接下来逐空定位前后文的逻辑关联：
1. 第一空位于首段末尾，前文引出“音乐和记忆的相关研究很有趣”，后文开始分情况介绍音乐对学习的作用，需要一个总起性的过渡句，引出下文对音乐作用的具体说明。
2. 第二空位于第二段中间，前文提到背景音乐的作用取决于人和音乐，后文分别对比了轻柔舒缓的音乐和吵闹激烈的音乐带来的不同效果，这里需要一个承上启下的句子，点明音乐类型的重要性。
3. 第三空位于第三段中间，后文出现转折连词But，说明前后语义相反，后文提到“背景对话不会影响人们解决问题”，同时指出需要集中注意力时音乐反而会起反作用，因此空处要对应引出背景音乐对解题的负面作用。
4. 第四空是第四段的段首主题句，后文整段都在介绍带押韵的歌曲能大幅提升记忆效率，空处需要总领本段，点明特定音乐对记忆的正向作用。
5. 第五空位于第四段中间，前文提到歌曲的重复韵律、尾音押韵的特点，后文举字母歌的例子说明这些特点帮助孩子记字母，空处需要承接上文的特点，点明这类设计对记忆的帮助作用。
【解析】
1. 空处前文引出音乐与记忆的研究话题，后文展开介绍不同场景下音乐对学习的影响，D项“音乐在某些方面能帮助你学习和记忆”总括研究核心方向，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。
2. 空处后文明确说明音乐要轻柔舒缓，吵闹的音乐哪怕记忆力好的人也会降低学习效率，B项“音乐的种类也很重要”精准引出后文对不同类型音乐效果的对比，衔接自然。
3. 空后But表转折，说明空处内容和后文“背景对话不影响解题”语义相反，结合后文“需要集中注意力时音乐反而会帮倒忙”的表述，E项“如果有背景音乐，人们在工作上表现更差”对应音乐对解题的负面作用，逻辑通顺。
4. 空处作为段首主题句，总领全段内容，后文介绍押韵歌曲能帮助学生快速记忆单词，F项“某些类型的音乐确实能帮助我们记忆信息”精准概括本段核心内容，引出下文的实验和例子。
5. 空处前文提到歌曲的重复节奏、尾音押韵的特征，后文举例说明字母歌的韵律帮助孩子记字母，A项“这对你的记忆有帮助”承接前文提到的歌曲结构特点，点明其作用，符合逻辑。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. A
【知识点】
七选五解题，语境逻辑衔接，说明文主旨把握
【点评】
本题属于典型的说明文类七选五，主题贴近学生日常学习场景，难度适中，重点考察学生对句间转折、递进逻辑的判断能力，以及对段落主题句的归纳能力，只要理清每处空前后的语义关联，就能快速排除无关干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇说明文类阅读七选五，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍不同场景下音乐对学习、记忆的不同影响。接下来逐空定位前后文的逻辑关联：
1. 第一空位于首段末尾，前文引出“音乐和记忆的相关研究很有趣”，后文开始分情况介绍音乐对学习的作用，需要一个总起性的过渡句，引出下文对音乐作用的具体说明。
2. 第二空位于第二段中间，前文提到背景音乐的作用取决于人和音乐，后文分别对比了轻柔舒缓的音乐和吵闹激烈的音乐带来的不同效果，这里需要一个承上启下的句子，点明音乐类型的重要性。
3. 第三空位于第三段中间，后文出现转折连词But，说明前后语义相反，后文提到“背景对话不会影响人们解决问题”，同时指出需要集中注意力时音乐反而会起反作用，因此空处要对应引出背景音乐对解题的负面作用。
4. 第四空是第四段的段首主题句，后文整段都在介绍带押韵的歌曲能大幅提升记忆效率，空处需要总领本段，点明特定音乐对记忆的正向作用。
5. 第五空位于第四段中间，前文提到歌曲的重复韵律、尾音押韵的特点，后文举字母歌的例子说明这些特点帮助孩子记字母，空处需要承接上文的特点，点明这类设计对记忆的帮助作用。
【解析】
1. 空处前文引出音乐与记忆的研究话题，后文展开介绍不同场景下音乐对学习的影响，D项“音乐在某些方面能帮助你学习和记忆”总括研究核心方向，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。
2. 空处后文明确说明音乐要轻柔舒缓，吵闹的音乐哪怕记忆力好的人也会降低学习效率，B项“音乐的种类也很重要”精准引出后文对不同类型音乐效果的对比，衔接自然。
3. 空后But表转折，说明空处内容和后文“背景对话不影响解题”语义相反，结合后文“需要集中注意力时音乐反而会帮倒忙”的表述，E项“如果有背景音乐，人们在工作上表现更差”对应音乐对解题的负面作用，逻辑通顺。
4. 空处作为段首主题句，总领全段内容，后文介绍押韵歌曲能帮助学生快速记忆单词，F项“某些类型的音乐确实能帮助我们记忆信息”精准概括本段核心内容，引出下文的实验和例子。
5. 空处前文提到歌曲的重复节奏、尾音押韵的特征，后文举例说明字母歌的韵律帮助孩子记字母，A项“这对你的记忆有帮助”承接前文提到的歌曲结构特点，点明其作用，符合逻辑。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. A
【知识点】
七选五解题，语境逻辑衔接，说明文主旨把握
【点评】
本题属于典型的说明文类七选五，主题贴近学生日常学习场景，难度适中，重点考察学生对句间转折、递进逻辑的判断能力，以及对段落主题句的归纳能力，只要理清每处空前后的语义关联，就能快速排除无关干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
