四、热点素材(2025·原创)根据首字母提示完成短文。
中国科学院院士张涛获“引文桂冠奖”
Chinese chemist Zhang Tao made history by becoming the first person from the Chinese mainland to win the Citation Laureate(引文桂冠奖). Zhang Tao is a 1. p in single-atom catalysis(单原子催化). His research helps make chemical reactions more efficient and sustainable(可持续的)，and 2. o ways to build a cleaner，greener world.
The Citation Laureate is chosen by a company 3. c Clarivate. This international award honors research with effect and citation(引用)numbers close to those of Nobel Prize-winning work. 4. S 2002，over 460 people have won this award，and 83 of them later got the Nobel Prize. This year，22 laureates were announced in four fields，from eight 5. c.
Zhang is an academician(院士)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 6. w at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics. He's 7. f for single-atom catalysis technology，which helps make chemical processes，energy use and the environmental cleanup more sustainable. In 2011，Zhang and his team 8. p an important paper in Nature Chemistry. They created a single-atom catalyst and broke the old idea that single atoms are unstable in catalysis. The paper has been cited over 6，000 times.
Zhang said the award 9. m the world recognizes his research. He hopes young scientists will keep developing this field，maybe by combining it with AI. Osher，vice-president of Clarivate，said Zhang's win shows China's growing 10. i on global science. The Chinese mainland now leads research output with nearly 900，000 papers—three times more than in 2015. Honoring scientists like Zhang helps people notice discoveries that make life better.

四、1. pioneer 2. offers 3. called 4. Since 5. countries 6. works 7. famous 8. published 9. means 10. influence

【分析】
做这类首字母提示完成短文的题目，首先第一步要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍张涛院士获得引文桂冠奖的相关背景和成就，理清整体行文逻辑。接下来逐句分析每个空格所在句子的语义、语法结构，结合给出的首字母，先匹配符合语境的词义，再根据时态、单复数、非谓语规则等调整单词的正确形式，全部填完后再通读全文验证语句是否通顺、逻辑是否自洽。比如遇到现在完成时的时间标志就优先考虑since，遇到后置定语修饰名词表“被叫做”就想到过去分词called，遇到固定搭配be famous for可以直接对应语境。
【解析】
1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需要填可数名词单数，结合语境“张涛在单原子催化领域的身份”和首字母p，填入pioneer，表示“先驱”。
2. 空格和前面的谓语helps并列，主语His research是第三人称单数，结合语义“研究提供构建绿色世界的方法”和首字母o，填入动词第三人称单数形式offers。
3. 空格修饰名词company，作后置定语表被动含义“被叫做”，结合首字母c，填入过去分词called。
4. 后面句子用现在完成时，后面接时间点2002，结合首字母S，填入Since，表示“自从……以来”，符合现在完成时的时间状语用法。
5. 空格前有数词eight，需要填可数名词复数，结合语境“获奖者来自不同的国家”和首字母c，填入countries。
6. 句子是一般现在时，主语Zhang是第三人称单数，结合语义“在大连化物所工作”和首字母w，填入动词第三人称单数形式works。
7. 此处考察固定搭配，结合语境“他因单原子催化技术闻名”，固定短语be famous for表示“因……闻名”，填入famous。
8. 时间状语In 2011是过去的时间，谓语动词用一般过去时，结合语义“发表重要论文”和首字母p，填入published。
9. 宾语从句主语the award是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式，结合语义“奖项意味着世界认可他的研究”和首字母m，填入means。
10. 空格前有形容词growing修饰，需要填名词，结合语义“中国在全球科学界的影响力不断提升”和首字母i，填入influence。
【答案】
1. pioneer 2. offers 3. called 4. Since 5. countries 6. works 7. famous 8. published 9. means 10. influence
【知识点】
首字母短文填空
动词时态辨析
固定搭配应用
【点评】
本题结合前沿科技人物的热点素材命题，既考察学生对上下文语义的梳理理解能力，也考察常见核心词汇的变形、基础语法规则和固定搭配的掌握，解题时要特别注意不要只关注词义，忽略时态、单复数、非谓语等形式变化，避免出现拼写形式错误。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、核心素养 阅读理解。
人与社会——人际交往
You must have heard of me. I'm Li Bai. I'm famous for my poems，but looking back on my fall and exciting life，I'd say friendship has been just as important as poetry.
One of my friends is He Zhizhang who is forty-two years older than me. Once we were having such an interesting conversation that we decided to continue it over dinner. After finishing the meal，we realized that neither of us had brought any money. He immediately took off the golden tortoise（龟）decorated on his waist and used it to pay for our dinner. I knew the golden tortoise was given to him by the Emperor. His generosity touched me. This showed how much he valued our friendship.
A letter started another friendship of mine. The letter was from Wang Lun. He wrote to invite me to enjoy the ten-li peach blossom（桃花）scenery and the ten thousand restaurants in his area. I was expecting to see the special scenery and taste all kinds of food and wine so that I accepted this invitation at once.
But when I arrived，to my surprise，I found that this clever man had used wordplay to trick me into visiting him! The ten-li peach blossom referred to a lake named Peach Blossom Lake，which was about ten li long. The ten thousand restaurants were just a restaurant named Wan Jia，meaning “owned by Mr Wan”! I was impressed by his cleverness，and we enjoyed a good laugh together.
Although my friends and I don't have many opportunities to get together，we keep one another in mind.
1. What is as important as poetry in Li Bai's heart?
A. Handwriting.
B. Art.
C. Friendship.
D. White wine.
2. What does the underlined word “generosity” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. 慷慨
B. 自私
C. 无奈
D. 遭遇
3. How did Wang Lun invite Li Bai?
A. By sending him peach blossoms.
B. By playing a word trick in a letter.
C. By reading a poem about restaurants.
D. By giving him some nice food and wine.
4. Which is true according to the passage?
A. Li Bai is much older than He Zhizhang.
B. He Zhizhang valued the friendship between Li Bai and him.
C. Wang Lun had ten thousand restaurants.
D. Li Bai and his friends always had many opportunities to get together.
5. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Li Bai and his friends
B. Poets and their poetry
C. He Zhizhang and Wang Lun
D. A wordplay trick

五、1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，对李白来说，友情和诗歌一样重要。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段贺知章用皇帝赏赐的金龟付账可推知，他是慷慨的。画线部分 generosity 意为“慷慨”。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，汪伦写信邀请李白赏十里桃花，逛万家饭馆是汪伦玩的文字游戏，十里桃花指的是一个叫桃花潭的潭，大约十里长。万家酒楼只是一家名叫“万家”的酒楼。故汪伦通过文字游戏邀请李白。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，贺知章比李白年龄大；根据第四段可知，汪伦指的万家酒楼只是一家名叫“万家”的酒楼；根据最后一段可知，李白和朋友们聚少离多。根据第二段可知，贺知章很珍视自己和李白的友谊，B 正确。
5. A 标题概括题。通读文章可知，全文主要讲述了李白对友情的重视，以及他与朋友们的一些趣事，所以最佳标题应该是“李白和他的朋友们”。

【分析】
拿到这道阅读理解题，首先我们可以先快速浏览所有题干，明确每道题的考点，再带着问题返回原文定位对应内容：1. 细节题直接找原文匹配的语句即可得出答案；2. 词义猜测题要结合划线词前后的人物行为逻辑推断词义；3. 细节题锁定汪伦邀请李白的相关段落提取信息；4. 正误判断题需要把每个选项都返回原文逐一比对，排除和原文不符的选项；5. 标题概括题要梳理全文核心，排除只覆盖部分内容的片面选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段末尾句“I'd say friendship has been just as important as poetry.”，可知在李白心中，和诗歌同等重要的是友谊，对应选项C。
2. 划线词所在的第二段提到，贺知章和李白吃完饭发现没带钱，直接取下皇帝赏赐给他的贵重金龟来支付饭钱，这种愿意为友人拿出贵重物品的大方行为，对应的品质就是慷慨，因此generosity的含义是“慷慨”，对应选项A。
3. 结合第三段“A letter started another friendship of mine. The letter was from Wang Lun.”和第四段“this clever man had used wordplay to trick me into visiting him”可知，汪伦是通过在信中玩文字游戏的方式邀请李白的，对应选项B。
4. 逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第二段明确说明贺知章比李白大42岁，“李白比贺知章年长”表述错误；
B选项：第二段末尾句“This showed how much he valued our friendship.”直接说明贺知章十分珍视他和李白的友谊，表述正确；
C选项：原文第四段说明“万家酒楼”只是一家姓万的人开的饭馆，并非汪伦有一万家饭馆，表述错误；
D选项：原文最后一段提到李白和朋友们并没有很多相聚的机会，“总是有很多相聚机会”表述错误。
因此本题选B。
5. 全文围绕李白的交友经历展开，分别讲述了他和贺知章、汪伦的两段交友趣事，核心主题是李白和他的朋友们，其余选项要么偏离主题，要么只覆盖了文章的部分内容，不够全面，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨大意概括
【点评】
本篇阅读选取了学生熟知的李白相关的历史典故，贴合人际交往的主题，题目设置梯度合理，从基础细节提取到词义推断再到主旨概括，循序渐进，既考查学生的英语阅读理解能力，也能让学生了解传统文人的交友趣事，渗透文化素养的培养。
【难度系数】
0.8