五、综合填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If a person wants to be a gentleman, he should pay attention to what he does and says. Then what are the rules for a gentleman on words and actions? Let's find 46 the answers from Confucius, one of the greatest teachers in ancient China.
Confucius said, "If a gentleman, not caring for food or housing, is diligent in what he does, careful with 47 he says and rectifies himself with a worthy, he can be regarded as a good learner." —The Analects of Confucius
In the West, people pay too much attention to 48 (be) eloquent(能言善辩的). They believe that how someone says something is 49 (important) than what is said. However, Confucius didn't think so. He believed that gentlemen should choose their words 50 (careful), even if that may make people feel 51 (bore).
Confucius had such beliefs 52 he thought that words are important and that they should follow after etiquette(规矩). But he also put forward his idea of what gentlemen should do: work hard. He said that gentlemen should not be lazy and need to focus on their work to improve 53 (they).
These rules for 54 (gentleman) words and actions have influenced Chinese people for a long time. Today, many Chinese people still prefer to have a practical spirit rather than say beautiful words.
Of course, as culture 55 (develop) over time, we should also view his words critically(批判性地). Choosing our words and actions according to the situation is also a form of wisdom.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

46. out 47. what 48. being 49. more important 50. carefully 51. bored 52. because 53. themselves 54. gentlemen's 55. has developed

【分析】
1. 第46题：考查固定搭配，find out是固定短语，意为“找出，查明”，符合“从孔子那里找出答案”的语境，故填out。
2. 第47题：考查宾语从句引导词，空格处引导的从句作with的宾语，从句中says缺少宾语，指代所说的内容，因此用what。
3. 第48题：考查非谓语动词，pay attention to中的to是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式，所以be变为being。
4. 第49题：考查形容词比较级，句中出现than，表明是两者间的比较，因此要用important的比较级more important。
5. 第50题：考查副词，此处需要修饰动词choose，要用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully。
6. 第51题：考查形容词，feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，修饰人“people”表示“感到厌烦的”，用bored（boring多修饰事物）。
7. 第52题：考查连词，空格后内容是孔子有相关信念的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。
8. 第53题：考查反身代词，improve oneself表示“提升自己”，主语是gentlemen，对应的反身代词是themselves。
9. 第54题：考查名词所有格，此处表示“君子们的言行”，gentleman的复数是gentlemen，其所有格形式gentlemen's用来修饰words and actions。
10. 第55题：考查动词时态，over time是现在完成时的标志词，主语culture是单数第三人称，所以用has developed。
【解析】
46. 结合固定搭配find out“找出”，此处填out。
47. 分析句子结构，空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作says的宾语，指代所说内容，故填what。
48. pay attention to中的to为介词，后接动名词，因此be变为being，填being。
49. 由句中than可知需用形容词比较级，important的比较级是more important，填more important。
50. 修饰动词choose需用副词，careful的副词形式是carefully，填carefully。
51. feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语，修饰人用bored，填bored。
52. 空格后是前文的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，填because。
53. improve oneself表示“提升自己”，主语gentlemen是复数，对应反身代词themselves，填themselves。
54. 表示“君子们的言行”需用名词所有格，gentlemen的所有格是gentlemen's，填gentlemen's。
55. over time常与现在完成时连用，主语culture是单数第三人称，谓语动词用has developed，填has developed。
【答案】
46. out 47. what 48. being 49. more important 50. carefully
51. bored 52. because 53. themselves 54. gentlemen's 55. has developed
【知识点】
1. 固定搭配
2. 从句引导词
3. 动词时态与非谓语
【点评】
本题结合中西方言行文化差异，考查了固定搭配、从句、词性转换、代词、动词时态等多类语法点，既考查语言知识，也渗透文化内容。解题时需结合语境和语法规则，关注词性变化、时态标志等细节。
【难度系数】
0.6

六、选词填空(每小题1分,满分10分)
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次。
instead of will one describe difference comfort left say go direct
Why do we say maidongxi, not mainanbei, yijian xiangzuo, not yijian xiangyou, and shangcesuo, not xiacesuo? Many Chinese words have 56 in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind.
Where to buy things?
When going shopping, Chinese people say maidongxi, not mainanbei. It is 57 that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang'an. One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market 58, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started 59 shopping as maidongxi.
Left or right?
In Chinese, we say yijian xiangzuo when we have 60 opinions. Why is it not yijian xiangyou?
Most people are right-handed. They feel 61 if they try to use their left hands to write or use chopsticks. This was true in old times as well. So in Chinese, "62" is always thought to be different, such as yijian xiangzuo.
Up or down?
We use shangcesuo 63 xiacesuo to mean "go to the bathroom". Why?
In ancient times, houses were laid out in a certain way. The gate of the house 64 face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house. On maps, north is usually at the top. In Chinese, we talk about "the north" as shang. So people would say they were going "up" to the bathroom rather than 65 "down" to the bathroom.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

56. directions 57. said 58. first 59. to describe/describing 60. different 61. uncomfortable 62. left 63. instead of 64. would 65. going

【分析】
1. 第56空：通读全文可知，文章围绕中文词汇里的“方向”（东西、左右、上下）展开，结合方框词汇，应选direct的名词复数形式directions，表示“方向”。
2. 第57空：固定句型“It is said that...”意为“据说”，符合语境，故填say的过去分词said。
3. 第58空：根据后文“then went to the West Market”的先后逻辑，人们先去东市，用one的序数词first表示“首先”。
4. 第59空：固定搭配start to do/doing sth.表示“开始做某事”，此处指人们开始把购物描述为“买东西”，故填describe的不定式或动名词形式to describe/describing。
5. 第60空：“意见向左”实际指意见不同，用difference的形容词形式different修饰opinions。
6. 第61空：右撇子用左手写字或拿筷子会感觉不舒服，填comfort的否定形容词uncomfortable。
7. 第62空：前文提到左撇子用左手的不适，所以“左”被认为是不同的，直接填left。
8. 第63空：此处表示“上厕所而不是下厕所”，用短语instead of。
9. 第64空：描述古代房子的门常常朝南，would用于表示过去的习惯或倾向，是will的过去式。
10. 第65空：rather than后接动名词形式，与前面的“going”保持一致，故填going。
【解析】
56. 结合文章围绕方向类中文词汇展开的主题，将direct转换为名词复数形式directions，表示“方向”。
57. 考查固定句型“It is said that...”，填入say的过去分词said。
58. 根据“then”体现的先后顺序，将one转换为序数词first。
59. 依据固定搭配start to do/doing sth.，填入to describe/describing表示“开始描述”。
60. 修饰opinions表示“不同的意见”，将difference转换为形容词different。
61. 结合右撇子用左手的感受，将comfort转换为否定形容词uncomfortable。
62. 呼应前文关于左手的内容，直接填入left。
63. 表示“而不是”的语义，填入短语instead of。
64. 描述过去的习惯，将will转换为过去式would。
65. 遵循rather than后接动名词的规则，填入going与前文形式一致。
【答案】
56. directions
57. said
58. first
59. to describe/describing
60. different
61. uncomfortable
62. left
63. instead of
64. would
65. going
【知识点】
固定句型搭配、词性转换、动词非谓语形式
【点评】
本题依托中文词汇背后的文化常识，考查英语词汇的变形与固定搭配，既要求学生掌握语言知识，也需要结合语境理解文化内涵，对综合能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6