一、在下列国家名后添加后缀 -ish、-ian、-ese 和 -n，构成表示国籍或语言的单词，再按分类写在对应横线上
| Sweden | America | China | Italy | Canada |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Japan | Hungary | Russia | Spain | Vietnam |
-ish: -ian:
-ese: -n:

-ish: Swedish, Spanish
-ian: Italian, Canadian, Hungarian
-ese: Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
-n: American, Russian

【分析】
解题思路：首先明确题目要求，需给每个国家名添加指定后缀（-ish、-ian、-ese、-n）构成表示国籍或语言的单词，再按后缀分类。需回忆常见国家对应的后缀变化规则，逐一匹配后按要求分类填写即可。
【解析】
根据英语中常见国家名构成国籍/语言词的后缀规则，逐一对应：
1. 后缀-ish：Sweden加-ish构成Swedish，Spain加-ish构成Spanish；
2. 后缀-ian：Italy加-ian构成Italian，Canada加-ian构成Canadian，Hungary加-ian构成Hungarian；
3. 后缀-ese：China加-ese构成Chinese，Japan加-ese构成Japanese，Vietnam加-ese构成Vietnamese；
4. 后缀-n：America加-n构成American，Russia加-n构成Russian。
【答案】
-ish: Swedish, Spanish
-ian: Italian, Canadian, Hungarian
-ese: Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
-n: American, Russian
【知识点】
英语构词法（后缀构成国籍词）
【点评】
本题考查英语中表示国籍或语言的后缀用法，属于基础词汇类题目，需掌握常见国家对应的后缀变化，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4

二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Many (America) love baseball.
2. A lot of (Hungary) like folk music.
3. She is a fan of the (Korea) writer.
4. The boy is interested in (China) culture.
5. Some (Canada) speak both English and French.
6. (Russia) dolls are popular toys that come in different sizes.
7. He is learning (Japan) because he wants to visit Tokyo next year.
8. On Burns Night, men in Scotland often wear (Scotland) kilts (短褶裙).

1. Americans 2. Hungarians 3. Korean 4. Chinese 5. Canadians
6. Russian 7. Japanese 8. Scottish

【分析】
做这类题时，需先分析句子结构，判断括号内单词在句中所需的形式：若前面是many、a lot of、some等修饰词且指代人，需将国家名词变为表示人的可数名词复数；若修饰名词，需转换为对应的形容词；若表示语言，需转换为对应的语言名词，结合语境逐一变形即可。
【解析】
1. many后接可数名词复数，America对应“美国人”的复数形式为Americans；
2. a lot of后接可数名词复数，Hungary对应“匈牙利人”的复数形式为Hungarians；
3. 修饰名词writer，需用Korea对应的形容词Korean；
4. 修饰名词culture，需用China对应的形容词Chinese；
5. some后接可数名词复数，Canada对应“加拿大人”的复数形式为Canadians；
6. 修饰名词dolls，需用Russia对应的形容词Russian；
7. 表示“日语”，需用Japan对应的语言名词Japanese；
8. 修饰名词kilts，需用Scotland对应的形容词Scottish。
【答案】
1. Americans 2. Hungarians 3. Korean 4. Chinese 5. Canadians
6. Russian 7. Japanese 8. Scottish
【知识点】
名词单复数转换、形容词形式转换、国家词汇变形
【点评】
本题考查基础的国家相关词汇变形，需根据句子成分判断所需词性，属于常见的词汇运用题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、根据上下文语境，在空格处填入恰当的表示国籍或语言的词
I study at an international school in London. I'm from the UK, and I have classmates from all around the world. I speak $^{(1)}$ , but some of my classmates speak other languages. My best friend is from a country famous for kangaroos (袋鼠). She is $^{(2)}$ and she often tells me about the Sydney Opera House. There are students from Sweden, and they speak $^{(3)}$ . There's also a student from Spain. She's teaching me how to speak $^{(4)}$ . There are students from Italy too. They often teach me some simple and useful $^{(5)}$ words, like ciao. Pizza and pasta are their traditional food.

1. English 2. Australian 3. Swedish 4. Spanish 5. Italian

【分析】
本题需结合上下文语境及常识填写表示国籍或语言的词，解题时先定位每个空的提示信息：第1空由“来自英国”确定对应语言；第2空由“袋鼠闻名的国家”确定对应国籍；第3空由“来自瑞典”确定对应语言；第4空由“来自西班牙”确定对应语言；第5空由“来自意大利”及示例词确定对应语言。
【解析】
1. 前文提到来自英国（UK），对应的语言是英语，故填English；
2. 以袋鼠闻名的国家是澳大利亚，对应的国籍是澳大利亚人，故填Australian；
3. 来自瑞典的人说的语言是瑞典语，故填Swedish；
4. 来自西班牙，学习的是西班牙语，故填Spanish；
5. 来自意大利，结合示例词“ciao”（意大利语），故填Italian。
【答案】
1. English 2. Australian 3. Swedish 4. Spanish 5. Italian
【知识点】
国籍与语言词汇、语境理解
【点评】
本题结合生活常识与语境提示，考查国籍、语言类词汇的运用，贴近日常，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

一、短文填空
阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
Languages are like colourful keys that open the doors to different cultures. Each language is a special treasure to its speakers.
English is very popular. It is $^{(1)}$ important language. Many students around the world study English. They hope $^{(2)}$ (use) it to make friends with others. English has lots of words and $^{(3)}$ (mean) that are fun to learn.
Spanish is also widely spoken. It is the $^{(4)}$ (one) language in many South American countries. Spanish-speaking countries have rich $^{(5)}$ (culture) traditions, like the exciting flamenco dance.
Chinese is the mother language of many people. It has a long history. Chinese characters (汉字) are full of wisdom. They can show lots of old stories $^{(6)}$ traditional Chinese culture.
In our modern world, $^{(7)}$ (be) able to speak different languages is a great ability. It helps us make friends $^{(8)}$ people from all over the world. We can also understand their lives $^{(9)}$ (good) than before. So, let's work hard $^{(10)}$ (learn) languages and see the amazing world they show us.

1. an 2. to use 3. meanings 4. first 5. cultural
6. about/of 7. being 8. with 9. better 10. to learn

【分析】这是一道英语短文填空题，需结合短文语境、语法规则、固定搭配及词性变化解题。先通读全文理解主旨，再逐个分析空格：1. 考查冠词用法；2. 涉及固定搭配；3. 需名词复数变化；4. 用序数词；5. 考查形容词修饰名词；6. 选择合适介词；7. 动名词作主语；8. 固定搭配；9. 副词比较级（由than提示）；10. 不定式作目的状语。
【解析】1. 空格后important以元音音素开头，修饰可数名词language表泛指，故用不定冠词an；2. 固定搭配hope to do sth.（希望做某事），故填to use；3. lots of后接可数名词复数，mean的名词形式为meaning，复数是meanings，故填meanings；4. 此处表示“第一语言”，用one的序数词first，故填first；5. 修饰名词traditions需用形容词，culture的形容词形式是cultural，故填cultural；6. 此处表示“关于中国传统文化的古老故事”，介词用about或of，故填about/of；7. 动名词短语作主语，be的动名词形式是being，故填being；8. 固定搭配make friends with sb.（和某人交朋友），故填with；9. 由than可知需用副词比较级，good的副词比较级是better，故填better；10. 此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to learn。
【答案】1. an 2. to use 3. meanings 4. first 5. cultural 6. about/of 7. being 8. with 9. better 10. to learn
【知识点】冠词用法、非谓语动词、词性转换
【点评】本题考查英语基础语法与词汇运用，涵盖冠词、固定搭配、词性变化、比较级等核心知识点，需学生掌握基础语法规则和常用搭配，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生巩固练习。
【难度系数】0.6