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A
体裁：记叙文
主题：名著节选
难度：★★★★★
Oliver was brought up in the workhouse where only the poor and homeless lived. He was pale, thin and short for his age. The room in the workhouse where the boys ate meals was a large stone hall. They ate a bowl of thin soup three times a day, with a piece of bread on Sundays. The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.
After three months of hunger, one of the boys told the others he was so hungry that one night he might eat the boy who slept next to him. His wild hungry eyes made the other boys afraid and they believed him. After a long discussion, they decided that one of them should ask for more food after supper that evening, and Oliver chose to go.
The evening arrived, the soup was served, and the bowls were empty again in a few seconds. Oliver went up to the master, with his bowl in his hand. He felt very scared, but also desperate (绝望的) with hunger. “Please, sir, I want some more.”
The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned very pale. “What?” he asked at last, in a surprising voice.
“Please, sir,” replied Oliver. “Would you please give me more? I want some more.”
The master hit him with the spoon heavily, then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board (理事会). “He asked for more?” Mr Limbkins, the fattest board member, asked in horror. “Is this really true?”
“That boy will be hanged in the future!” said another board member. “You will see if I am right.” Oliver was then led away to be locked up in a dark room.
—Adapted from *Oliver Twist*
1. Why didn't the boys' bowls need washing?
A. Because they were hungry and ate meals up.
B. Because they used the spoons to clean them.
C. Because they needed to save water.
D. Because they were used to the dirty bowls.
2. What is Oliver Twist like according to the passage?
A. Lonely and silly.
B. Polite and shy.
C. Wise and creative.
D. Brave and polite.
3. What did the master do when Oliver asked for more food?
A. He was surprised to know that kids were hungry.
B. He was surprised to find that he knew Oliver before.
C. He was so angry that he hanged Oliver at once.
D. He was so angry that he hit Oliver heavily.
4. 新趋势·学科融合 Which of the following Chinese sentences can best describe the story?
A. 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。
B. 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花。
C. 旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。
D. 安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。
体裁：记叙文
主题：名著节选
难度：★★★★★
Oliver was brought up in the workhouse where only the poor and homeless lived. He was pale, thin and short for his age. The room in the workhouse where the boys ate meals was a large stone hall. They ate a bowl of thin soup three times a day, with a piece of bread on Sundays. The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.
After three months of hunger, one of the boys told the others he was so hungry that one night he might eat the boy who slept next to him. His wild hungry eyes made the other boys afraid and they believed him. After a long discussion, they decided that one of them should ask for more food after supper that evening, and Oliver chose to go.
The evening arrived, the soup was served, and the bowls were empty again in a few seconds. Oliver went up to the master, with his bowl in his hand. He felt very scared, but also desperate (绝望的) with hunger. “Please, sir, I want some more.”
The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned very pale. “What?” he asked at last, in a surprising voice.
“Please, sir,” replied Oliver. “Would you please give me more? I want some more.”
The master hit him with the spoon heavily, then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board (理事会). “He asked for more?” Mr Limbkins, the fattest board member, asked in horror. “Is this really true?”
“That boy will be hanged in the future!” said another board member. “You will see if I am right.” Oliver was then led away to be locked up in a dark room.
—Adapted from *Oliver Twist*
1. Why didn't the boys' bowls need washing?
A. Because they were hungry and ate meals up.
B. Because they used the spoons to clean them.
C. Because they needed to save water.
D. Because they were used to the dirty bowls.
2. What is Oliver Twist like according to the passage?
A. Lonely and silly.
B. Polite and shy.
C. Wise and creative.
D. Brave and polite.
3. What did the master do when Oliver asked for more food?
A. He was surprised to know that kids were hungry.
B. He was surprised to find that he knew Oliver before.
C. He was so angry that he hanged Oliver at once.
D. He was so angry that he hit Oliver heavily.
4. 新趋势·学科融合 Which of the following Chinese sentences can best describe the story?
A. 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。
B. 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花。
C. 旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。
D. 安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。
答案
A
【语篇解读】本文为《雾都孤儿》节选，讲述了 Oliver 在济贫院长大，因饥饿向主人请求更多食物而遭到惩罚的故事。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.”可知，不需要洗碗的原因是他们很饿，把碗里的食物吃得很干净。故选 A。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“He felt very scared, but also desperate with hunger. ‘Please, sir, I want some more.’”可知，Oliver 尽管害怕，还是勇敢地提出要求，并且非常有礼貌地说“请”，推测出他很勇敢也很有礼貌。故选 D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第四段“but he turned very pale”和倒数第二段“The master hit him with the spoon heavily, and then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board.”可知，主人很生气，用勺子狠狠地打了他。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文大量描写了济贫院艰苦的生活条件和孩子们的饥饿状态。根据“The master was a fat, healthy man”“Mr Limbkins, the fattest board member”可知，主人和理事们则健康且肥胖。所以本篇文章与 A 选项“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。”所表达的意思相近。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文为《雾都孤儿》节选，讲述了 Oliver 在济贫院长大，因饥饿向主人请求更多食物而遭到惩罚的故事。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.”可知，不需要洗碗的原因是他们很饿，把碗里的食物吃得很干净。故选 A。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“He felt very scared, but also desperate with hunger. ‘Please, sir, I want some more.’”可知，Oliver 尽管害怕，还是勇敢地提出要求，并且非常有礼貌地说“请”，推测出他很勇敢也很有礼貌。故选 D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第四段“but he turned very pale”和倒数第二段“The master hit him with the spoon heavily, and then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board.”可知，主人很生气，用勺子狠狠地打了他。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文大量描写了济贫院艰苦的生活条件和孩子们的饥饿状态。根据“The master was a fat, healthy man”“Mr Limbkins, the fattest board member”可知，主人和理事们则健康且肥胖。所以本篇文章与 A 选项“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。”所表达的意思相近。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇《雾都孤儿》的名著节选记叙文阅读，解题时首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：明确奥利弗在济贫院的艰苦生存状态，以及他鼓起勇气讨要更多食物后遭到惩罚的核心情节。之后按照题型逐一突破：1. 第1题是细节题，直接回题干对应的原文段落定位因果关系句即可快速找到答案；2. 第2题人物性格推断题，需要找到描写奥利弗言行的原文细节，结合行为推导特质，排除不符合的选项；3. 第3题细节题，定位奥利弗提出要更多食物之后主人的行为描写，匹配选项排除错误表述；4. 第4题跨学科融合题，先准确理解四句古诗的内涵，再匹配原文体现的贫富悬殊的社会现实，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段最后一句“The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.”，可知孩子们因为极度饥饿把碗里的食物吃得干干净净，因此碗不需要清洗。B选项“用勺子洗碗”、C选项“节约用水”、D选项“习惯脏碗”原文均无相关表述，因此选A。
2. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段奥利弗的表现，他明明十分恐惧，却还是为了同伴鼓起勇气站出来讨要食物，体现出勇敢的特质；全程他的表述都使用敬语“please”，体现出有礼貌的特点。A选项“愚蠢”、B选项“害羞”、C选项“聪慧有创造力”均不符合原文对奥利弗的描写，因此选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文倒数第二段“The master hit him with the spoon heavily, then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board”，可知主人听到奥利弗要更多食物之后非常生气，用勺子狠狠殴打了他。A选项“惊讶孩子们饿”不符合原文，主人本身明知孩子们吃不饱；B选项“惊讶之前认识奥利弗”原文无提及；C选项“立刻绞死奥利弗”错误，原文只是理事说他未来会被绞死，并没有立刻执行，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：原文描写济贫院的孩子们长期挨饿、生存条件极差，而管理者们个个脑满肠肥，体现出尖锐的贫富差距。A选项“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”正是描述权贵阶层奢靡富足、底层民众饥寒交迫的社会现实，和故事内核完全匹配；B选项表达对沉溺享乐、误国的统治者的批判，和本文无关；C选项描写世事变迁、贵族势力衰落，不符合主题；D选项表达对安顿底层寒士的美好愿景，和故事内容不匹配，因此选A。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A
【知识点】
记叙文细节定位，人物形象推理，古诗文含义理解
【点评】
本题选取经典文学名著《雾都孤儿》的节选片段，既考察了学生英语阅读的信息提取、逻辑推理的基础能力，最后一道跨学科题目联动语文古诗词积累，引导学生打通不同学科的知识壁垒，理解文学作品背后反映的社会现实，符合新课标素养导向的命题趋势。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇《雾都孤儿》的名著节选记叙文阅读，解题时首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：明确奥利弗在济贫院的艰苦生存状态，以及他鼓起勇气讨要更多食物后遭到惩罚的核心情节。之后按照题型逐一突破：1. 第1题是细节题，直接回题干对应的原文段落定位因果关系句即可快速找到答案；2. 第2题人物性格推断题，需要找到描写奥利弗言行的原文细节，结合行为推导特质，排除不符合的选项；3. 第3题细节题，定位奥利弗提出要更多食物之后主人的行为描写，匹配选项排除错误表述；4. 第4题跨学科融合题，先准确理解四句古诗的内涵，再匹配原文体现的贫富悬殊的社会现实，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段最后一句“The boys were always hungry and ate everything up, so the bowls never needed washing.”，可知孩子们因为极度饥饿把碗里的食物吃得干干净净，因此碗不需要清洗。B选项“用勺子洗碗”、C选项“节约用水”、D选项“习惯脏碗”原文均无相关表述，因此选A。
2. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段奥利弗的表现，他明明十分恐惧，却还是为了同伴鼓起勇气站出来讨要食物，体现出勇敢的特质；全程他的表述都使用敬语“please”，体现出有礼貌的特点。A选项“愚蠢”、B选项“害羞”、C选项“聪慧有创造力”均不符合原文对奥利弗的描写，因此选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文倒数第二段“The master hit him with the spoon heavily, then took Oliver's arms and shouted to tell the board”，可知主人听到奥利弗要更多食物之后非常生气，用勺子狠狠殴打了他。A选项“惊讶孩子们饿”不符合原文，主人本身明知孩子们吃不饱；B选项“惊讶之前认识奥利弗”原文无提及；C选项“立刻绞死奥利弗”错误，原文只是理事说他未来会被绞死，并没有立刻执行，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：原文描写济贫院的孩子们长期挨饿、生存条件极差，而管理者们个个脑满肠肥，体现出尖锐的贫富差距。A选项“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”正是描述权贵阶层奢靡富足、底层民众饥寒交迫的社会现实，和故事内核完全匹配；B选项表达对沉溺享乐、误国的统治者的批判，和本文无关；C选项描写世事变迁、贵族势力衰落，不符合主题；D选项表达对安顿底层寒士的美好愿景，和故事内容不匹配，因此选A。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A
【知识点】
记叙文细节定位，人物形象推理，古诗文含义理解
【点评】
本题选取经典文学名著《雾都孤儿》的节选片段，既考察了学生英语阅读的信息提取、逻辑推理的基础能力，最后一道跨学科题目联动语文古诗词积累，引导学生打通不同学科的知识壁垒，理解文学作品背后反映的社会现实，符合新课标素养导向的命题趋势。
【难度系数】
0.4
