四、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
My neighbours are kind and helpful. Some of them are v 1. They have different skills and often help us with all kinds of p 2.
Mrs Fang is a doctor and she works in a h 3. Don't be afraid to ask her for help when you have a toothache. Besides, she often goes to schools and give talks about how to take care of teeth.
Susan is a fashion designer. She knows a lot about s 4 and colours. In her shop near the centre of the city, you can see many fashionable dresses. If you w 5 what to wear to a party, she will be happy to give you some ideas.
Henry is a mechanic(机械师). His job is to r 6 cars. He is busy with his work, but he is always w 7 to help others. Don't forget to call him when s 8 is wrong with your car.
David is an engineer, and he works in an office. He uses his computer to do most of his work. He designs a lot of interesting educational(有教育意义的) DVDs to help the students with their studies. Remember to call him, if you want to have f 9 studying.
We are l 10 to live in a neighbourhood like this. People here are like a big family.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. volunteers 2. problems 3. hospital 4. styles
5. wonder 6. repair 7. willing 8. something 9. fun
10. lucky

【分析】
做这类首字母填空的题目，首先第一步要先通读完整短文，理清文章的核心主旨：本文主要介绍了作者所在小区里各有所长、热心助人的邻居们，表达了对居住在这样友好社区的幸福感。接下来逐空结合前后文的语境逻辑、给出的首字母提示，同时联系课内学过的常用固定搭配判断所需单词的词义、词性，还要注意名词单复数、短语的正确形式，全部填完后再通读全文验证语义是否通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 前文提到邻居善良乐于助人，后文说明他们有不同技能经常帮助他人，结合首字母v，可知这里表达“志愿者”，主语是some of them，要用复数形式volunteers。
2. 固定搭配help sb with problems表示“帮某人解决问题”，all kinds of后接可数名词复数，首字母为p，填problems。
3. 前文说明方女士是医生，结合常识医生的工作场所是医院，首字母h，填hospital。
4. 前文介绍Susan是时装设计师，和后文的“颜色”并列，可知她十分了解服装风格，首字母s，填styles。
5. 语境是如果你疑惑派对该穿什么，她会给你建议，结合首字母w，表达“想知道、疑惑”的含义，填wonder。
6. 前文说明Henry是机械师，他的工作是修理汽车，首字母r，填repair。
7. 固定搭配be willing to do sth表示“乐意做某事”，符合语境他总是乐意帮助他人，首字母w，填willing。
8. 固定表达something is wrong with...表示“……出故障/有问题”，这里指代车辆出问题，首字母s，填something。
9. 固定搭配have fun doing sth表示“做某事很有乐趣”，这里指让学习变得有趣，首字母f，填fun。
10. 后文提到住在这样的小区大家像一个大家庭，可知我们十分幸运，首字母l，填lucky。
【答案】
1. volunteers 2. problems 3. hospital 4. styles 5. wonder 6. repair 7. willing 8. something 9. fun 10. lucky
【知识点】
1. 首字母完形填空
2. 常用固定搭配
3. 生活场景词汇
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的首字母填空题型，选取贴近学生日常的邻里生活场景出题，既考查学生结合上下文逻辑推导词义的阅读能力，也考察了课内核心词汇和高频固定短语的掌握程度，易错点集中在名词单复数变形和固定短语的搭配记忆上，完成题目后可以同步积累社区职业相关的主题词汇。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、阅读理解。(2024·江苏宿迁期中)
Neighbours are very important in our lives. Their lifestyles can have a strong impact(影响) on our lives. It is a good idea to get to know the people next door or across the street. How do you get on with your neighbours? Here are some tips：
★Go over and introduce(介绍) yourselves.
Good greetings are helpful. You can get to know others' names and you can also talk about the weather. But don't stay too long.
★Give a hand.
If you hear that someone close by is ill or has had an accident, take over a hot meal. He or she will be touched(感动) during a difficult time.
★Meet a need.
When you hear of a special need that you can meet, do it, such as sitting with a sick(生病的) child when your neighbour goes to work or taking an old parent to the doctor's when his or her car doesn't start.
★Exchange(交换) holiday cards or gifts.
A backyard barbecue(烧烤) can be a great way to share food and fun. Don't forget about graduation, weddings and birthdays.
★Even if your neighbours(or their dogs) worry you at times, bear it.
They are like your family in many ways because you'll have to live with them, or near them, for a long time. Appreciate(赏识) their strengths and overlook(忽视) their weaknesses, and everyone will get along just fine.
()1. How many pieces of advice(建议) are mentioned(提及) in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
()2. The writer thinks we can to help the neighbours.
A. drive them to work
B. look after their sick child
C. cook them a meal every day
D. give them enough money
()3. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "bear" is "".
A. 攻击
B. 赞扬
C. 容忍
D. 劝阻
()4. The best title for the passage can be "".
A. Neighbours Are Important
B. How to Meet Your Neighbours
C. How to Get on with Your Neighbours
D. Good Neighbours

1. C 【点拨】根据“Go over and introduce(介绍)yourselves.”“Give a hand.”“Meet a need.”“Exchange(交换) holiday cards or gifts.”和“Even if your neighbours(or their dogs) worry you at times, bear it.”可知,本文提供了5 条建议。故选 C。
2. B 【点拨】根据“such as sitting with a sick(生病的)child when your neighbour goes to work or taking an old parent to the doctor's when his or her car doesn't start”可知,作者认为我们可以通过照顾他们生病的孩子来帮助邻居。故选 B。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Even if your neighbours(or their dogs) worry you at times, bear it. They are like your family in many ways because you'll have to live with them, or near them, for a long time.”可知,即使你的邻居(或他们的狗)有时让你厌烦,也要忍受。他们在很多方面就像是你的家人,因为你必须和他们生活在一起,或很近,很长时间。故选 C。
4. C 【点拨】根据“How do you get on with your neighbours?”可知,本文主要介绍了和邻居和谐相处的五条建议。故选 C。

【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解后，先快速通读全文，明确文章开篇点明邻居的重要性，随后用设问句引出核心主题：如何和邻居友好相处，下文用星号标注了多条相关建议。解题时可以按题型逐个突破：第一题是细节计数题，直接数文中带★标识的建议数量即可得到结果；第二题是细节理解题，定位到“Meet a need”部分的举例内容，和选项逐一比对排除错误选项就能得到正确答案；第三题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的后文解释，长期和邻居比邻居住，要欣赏优点忽略缺点，就能推断出划线词的含义；第四题是主旨大意选标题题，找到全文开篇的核心设问，明确全文都是围绕和邻居相处的方法展开，就能选出最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 通读全文可以数出文中带★标识的建议分别是：主动自我介绍、伸出援手、满足邻居的特殊需求、交换节日卡片或礼物、包容邻居的小不足，一共5条，对应选项C。
2. 定位到“Meet a need”部分的举例“such as sitting with a sick child when your neighbour goes to work”，可知我们可以帮忙照顾邻居生病的孩子，其余选项A开车送邻居上班、C每天给邻居做饭、D给邻居足够的钱都没有在文中提及，因此选B。
3. 划线词所在句的后文提到，邻居在很多方面就像家人，你会长时间和他们比邻而居，要欣赏他们的优点忽略他们的缺点，由此可推断出就算邻居或者他们的狗偶尔让你烦心，也要选择容忍，因此bear的中文含义是容忍，选C。
4. 全文开篇用“How do you get on with your neighbours? Here are some tips”引出下文所有内容，所有建议都是围绕如何和邻居友好相处展开的，因此最适合的标题是“如何和邻居相处”，选C。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C
【知识点】
细节理解 词义猜测 主旨大意
【点评】
本篇阅读是贴近日常生活的说明文，整体难度偏低，重点考察学生快速定位原文信息的能力，同时也能引导学生了解邻里相处的实用小技巧，做题时注意所有选项都要紧扣原文内容，不要加入自己的主观想象，选标题类的主旨题要抓住全文的核心论述对象，避免以偏概全。
【难度系数】
0.9