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B
(2025·泰州期末)Did you take part in any tree-planting activities this past March 12? Or maybe you went to check out the little tree you planted a few years ago? Standing beside it, you might have been amazed at how much it has changed. It's really great to watch a tree grow year by year. Even the tallest ones of them grow from tiny seeds(种子). Have you ever wondered how?
A full-grown tree may drop hundreds or even thousands of seeds a year. Inside each seed is something called an embryo(胚). Think of it as a small group of cells(细胞). These cells are ready to form roots, stems(茎), and first leaves.
Once the covering around the seed gets wet, the embryo cells, which have been patiently waiting, suddenly come to life. They start to grow and break out. This is called germination. First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil. This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil. Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves. As these leaves produce "food" in the sunlight, the plant gets the energy to grow more new leaves.
Let's imagine you drive a nail(钉子) into a tree at one metre above the ground. What will you see when you come back in ten years? The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top. At the same time, their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards. It is like the tree has two different ways of growing at the same time. The upward growth is like a race towards the sky, reaching for more sunlight, while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.
As trees get older, they continue to grow taller and thicker. Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres! That's as tall as a 30-floor building! Isn't it amazing?
(
(
A. To explain why people put nails in trees.
B. To help readers understand how trees grow taller.
C. To show that nails don't stop trees from growing.
D. To teach readers a way to record the growth of trees.
(
A. The metal ring will go into the soil.
B. The metal ring will be higher off the ground.
C. The metal ring will move up and down along the trunk.
D. The metal ring will stay at the same height but may embed(嵌入) in the tree.
(
①How do trees get water from the soil?
②Why does a nail in a tree trunk stay at the same height over time?
③How many seeds does a full-grown tree drop in its lifetime?
④How tall can the tallest trees in the world grow?
⑤How long does a seed take to grow leaves?
A. ①③④ B. ①②③ C. ②④⑤ D. ①②④
(
A. Tell stories → List facts → Give a warning
B. Ask questions → Explain steps → Share a fact
C. List problems → Study reasons → Offer advice
D. Share experiences → Show examples → Introduce features
(2025·泰州期末)Did you take part in any tree-planting activities this past March 12? Or maybe you went to check out the little tree you planted a few years ago? Standing beside it, you might have been amazed at how much it has changed. It's really great to watch a tree grow year by year. Even the tallest ones of them grow from tiny seeds(种子). Have you ever wondered how?
A full-grown tree may drop hundreds or even thousands of seeds a year. Inside each seed is something called an embryo(胚). Think of it as a small group of cells(细胞). These cells are ready to form roots, stems(茎), and first leaves.
Once the covering around the seed gets wet, the embryo cells, which have been patiently waiting, suddenly come to life. They start to grow and break out. This is called germination. First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil. This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil. Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves. As these leaves produce "food" in the sunlight, the plant gets the energy to grow more new leaves.
Let's imagine you drive a nail(钉子) into a tree at one metre above the ground. What will you see when you come back in ten years? The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top. At the same time, their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards. It is like the tree has two different ways of growing at the same time. The upward growth is like a race towards the sky, reaching for more sunlight, while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.
As trees get older, they continue to grow taller and thicker. Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres! That's as tall as a 30-floor building! Isn't it amazing?
(
A
)31. 新考法 图示理解 Which one of the pictures shows the stage of germination?(
B
)32. Why does the writer use the example of driving a nail into a tree in Paragraph 4?A. To explain why people put nails in trees.
B. To help readers understand how trees grow taller.
C. To show that nails don't stop trees from growing.
D. To teach readers a way to record the growth of trees.
(
D
)33. If a tree trunk gets thicker over time, what will happen to a metal ring(金属环) put around the bottom of the trunk after 10 years?A. The metal ring will go into the soil.
B. The metal ring will be higher off the ground.
C. The metal ring will move up and down along the trunk.
D. The metal ring will stay at the same height but may embed(嵌入) in the tree.
(
D
)34. From the article, we can find the answer to the question ""①How do trees get water from the soil?
②Why does a nail in a tree trunk stay at the same height over time?
③How many seeds does a full-grown tree drop in its lifetime?
④How tall can the tallest trees in the world grow?
⑤How long does a seed take to grow leaves?
A. ①③④ B. ①②③ C. ②④⑤ D. ①②④
(
B
)35. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following best represents the structure of the passage?A. Tell stories → List facts → Give a warning
B. Ask questions → Explain steps → Share a fact
C. List problems → Study reasons → Offer advice
D. Share experiences → Show examples → Introduce features
答案
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,通过提问和举例的方式,生动地解释了树木的生长过程,包括种子发芽、树木长高和长粗的机制,以及世界上最高树木的高度。
31. A 图示理解题。根据文章第三段"First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil ... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves."(首先,根发育并向下扎入土壤……然后茎向上生长并长出第一批叶子。)可推知,发芽阶段是根和茎刚开始生长的阶段。图片A最符合这一描述。故选A。
32. B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段"The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top."(树会变得更高,但钉子仍然只离地面一米。这是因为树木是通过顶端向上生长的。)可推知,作者用钉子的例子是为了帮助读者理解树木如何长高。故选B。
33. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段"their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards ... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support"(树干通过向外生长变粗……而树干的向外生长就像增加越来越多的保护和支持环)可推知,金属环会因树干变粗而嵌入树中,但高度不变。故选D。
34. D 细节理解题。①根据第三段"the roots develop ... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil"(根发育……确保新植物能从土壤中获取水分)可回答;②根据第四段钉子的例子可回答;④根据最后一段"Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!"(猜猜世界上最高的树有多高?超过110米!)可回答。其他问题文中未提及。故选D。
35. B 篇章结构题。文章结构为:开头提问(如"Have you ever wondered how?")→解释步骤(如种子发芽、树木生长机制)→分享事实(如最高树木的高度)。故选B。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,通过提问和举例的方式,生动地解释了树木的生长过程,包括种子发芽、树木长高和长粗的机制,以及世界上最高树木的高度。
31. A 图示理解题。根据文章第三段"First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil ... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves."(首先,根发育并向下扎入土壤……然后茎向上生长并长出第一批叶子。)可推知,发芽阶段是根和茎刚开始生长的阶段。图片A最符合这一描述。故选A。
32. B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段"The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top."(树会变得更高,但钉子仍然只离地面一米。这是因为树木是通过顶端向上生长的。)可推知,作者用钉子的例子是为了帮助读者理解树木如何长高。故选B。
33. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段"their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards ... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support"(树干通过向外生长变粗……而树干的向外生长就像增加越来越多的保护和支持环)可推知,金属环会因树干变粗而嵌入树中,但高度不变。故选D。
34. D 细节理解题。①根据第三段"the roots develop ... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil"(根发育……确保新植物能从土壤中获取水分)可回答;②根据第四段钉子的例子可回答;④根据最后一段"Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!"(猜猜世界上最高的树有多高?超过110米!)可回答。其他问题文中未提及。故选D。
35. B 篇章结构题。文章结构为:开头提问(如"Have you ever wondered how?")→解释步骤(如种子发芽、树木生长机制)→分享事实(如最高树木的高度)。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题思路如下：首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍树木从种子到成株的完整生长机制。之后逐题对应原文定位信息：1. 第31题图示理解题，先找到文中对germination（发芽）阶段的过程描述，匹配对应生长状态的图片；2. 第32题例证目的题，定位第四段钉子例子后的解释句，明确举例是为了把抽象的树木长高原理讲得通俗易懂；3. 第33题推理题，结合原文“树木从顶端向上长高、树干向外长粗”的两个特性，推导金属环的最终状态；4. 第34题细节筛选题，逐个核对5个问题能否在原文找到对应答案，排除文中未提及信息的问题，选出正确组合；5. 第35题篇章结构题，梳理全文的行文脉络，匹配对应的结构描述。
【解析】
31. 图示理解题：根据文章第三段对发芽阶段的描述，种子外壳浸湿后胚细胞苏醒，首先长出根系向下扎入土壤，之后茎向上生长长出第一批嫩叶，这个初期生长的状态和图片A的特征完全吻合，因此选A。
32. 推理判断题：第四段举钉钉子的例子后明确给出解释，十年后树木整体长高，但钉子仍然停留在离地1米的位置，本质是为了说明树木依靠顶端向上延伸实现长高的原理，帮助读者把抽象的生长机制理解得更直观，对应选项B。
33. 推理判断题：原文提到树木长高的动力来自顶端向上生长，树干底部的位置高度不会发生变化，同时树干是通过向外扩张实现长粗的，因此套在树干底部的金属环10年后高度不会改变，还会因为树干不断向外变粗逐渐嵌入树干中，对应选项D。
34. 细节理解题：逐个核对问题：①树木如何从土壤获取水分，第三段提到根系发育扎入土壤就可以从土壤中吸收水分，可找到答案；②为什么树干里的钉子多年后高度不变，第四段的例子和对应原理说明可以解答；③成年树一生总共会掉落多少种子，原文仅提到成年树一年会掉落成百上千颗种子，没有提及一生的总数量，找不到答案；④世界上最高的树能长到多高，最后一段明确说明超过110米，可找到答案；⑤种子长出叶子需要多长时间，全文没有提及相关时长，找不到答案。因此能找到答案的是①②④，选D。
35. 篇章结构题：梳理全文行文逻辑：开篇先用两个和植树相关的问题引入，抛出“你想知道树木是怎么生长的吗”的疑问，之后分步骤完整解释种子发芽、树木长高、树干长粗的全部生长过程，最后分享世界最高树超过110米的趣味事实，完全匹配“Ask questions → Explain steps → Share a fact”的结构，选B。
【答案】
31.A 32.B 33.D 34.D 35.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中科普类说明文阅读，设置了图示理解、例证目的、细节筛选、篇章结构等多个新考法题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也要求学生结合文本逻辑推导合理结论，能有效锻炼学生的说明文综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题思路如下：首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍树木从种子到成株的完整生长机制。之后逐题对应原文定位信息：1. 第31题图示理解题，先找到文中对germination（发芽）阶段的过程描述，匹配对应生长状态的图片；2. 第32题例证目的题，定位第四段钉子例子后的解释句，明确举例是为了把抽象的树木长高原理讲得通俗易懂；3. 第33题推理题，结合原文“树木从顶端向上长高、树干向外长粗”的两个特性，推导金属环的最终状态；4. 第34题细节筛选题，逐个核对5个问题能否在原文找到对应答案，排除文中未提及信息的问题，选出正确组合；5. 第35题篇章结构题，梳理全文的行文脉络，匹配对应的结构描述。
【解析】
31. 图示理解题：根据文章第三段对发芽阶段的描述，种子外壳浸湿后胚细胞苏醒，首先长出根系向下扎入土壤，之后茎向上生长长出第一批嫩叶，这个初期生长的状态和图片A的特征完全吻合，因此选A。
32. 推理判断题：第四段举钉钉子的例子后明确给出解释，十年后树木整体长高，但钉子仍然停留在离地1米的位置，本质是为了说明树木依靠顶端向上延伸实现长高的原理，帮助读者把抽象的生长机制理解得更直观，对应选项B。
33. 推理判断题：原文提到树木长高的动力来自顶端向上生长，树干底部的位置高度不会发生变化，同时树干是通过向外扩张实现长粗的，因此套在树干底部的金属环10年后高度不会改变，还会因为树干不断向外变粗逐渐嵌入树干中，对应选项D。
34. 细节理解题：逐个核对问题：①树木如何从土壤获取水分，第三段提到根系发育扎入土壤就可以从土壤中吸收水分，可找到答案；②为什么树干里的钉子多年后高度不变，第四段的例子和对应原理说明可以解答；③成年树一生总共会掉落多少种子，原文仅提到成年树一年会掉落成百上千颗种子，没有提及一生的总数量，找不到答案；④世界上最高的树能长到多高，最后一段明确说明超过110米，可找到答案；⑤种子长出叶子需要多长时间，全文没有提及相关时长，找不到答案。因此能找到答案的是①②④，选D。
35. 篇章结构题：梳理全文行文逻辑：开篇先用两个和植树相关的问题引入，抛出“你想知道树木是怎么生长的吗”的疑问，之后分步骤完整解释种子发芽、树木长高、树干长粗的全部生长过程，最后分享世界最高树超过110米的趣味事实，完全匹配“Ask questions → Explain steps → Share a fact”的结构，选B。
【答案】
31.A 32.B 33.D 34.D 35.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中科普类说明文阅读，设置了图示理解、例证目的、细节筛选、篇章结构等多个新考法题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也要求学生结合文本逻辑推导合理结论，能有效锻炼学生的说明文综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.65
