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训练 2
体裁: 说明文$ \quad $主题: 科普知识$ \quad $难度$: \boldsymbol{\bigstar\bigstar\bigstar\bigstar} \quad $建议用时$: 9 min \quad $正确率: /4
(原创)One, two, three... Most sports have a pretty straightforward scoring system(系统), but tennis is a little different. In each game, both players start with zero—called "love". After one person scores, the point becomes 15. The next point is 30, then 40, and the following point wins that game.
Some wonder why we count this way. Why not just "1, 2, 3, game Federer" for example? Unluckily, we don't know much about the origin(起源$) of this scoring system. We only know that in the early days of the sport, the scores were 15, 30, 45—rather than 40. For example, a poem from the 1410s counted the points of a game between King Henry V of England and the French Dauphin as 15, 30, 45. This was \mathrm{making sense} as each growth was 15.$
$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangle} One popular explanation($解释) shows that the numbers have to do with clocks. People may have felt that the four quarters of a clock were a good way to score the game. But not everyone is happy with that explanation. Some people point out that minute hands weren't introduced until the late 16th century.
You may find it strange to use "love" for a score of zero. Some believe that it came from the French word "l'oeuf (the egg)"—after all, it's common to refer to a zero score as a duck or goose egg. Others would like a more romantic idea about its origin: Some people play tennis for love even if they don't win anything.
No matter how strange the scoring system may be, tennis is enjoyed all around the world. Tens of millions play it, with even more watching it on TV or their phones. So, why not pick up your racket and enjoy some fun with tennis?
1. In the scoring system of tennis games, "1:3" is counted as
A. 1:3
B. 10:30
C. 15:40
D. 15:45
$2. What does the underlined phrase "making sense" mean in Paragraph 2? \gg $词义猜测题
A. Useful.
B. Hopeful.
C. Wonderful.
D. Meaningful.
3. Which of the following can be put in "$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangle}$" in Paragraph 3?
A. Why do we count "15, 30, 45" rather than "1, 2, 3"?
B. What do players think of 15 points instead of a point?
C. How did people change "15, 30, 45" into "15, 30, 40"?
D. Why do we give players 15 points when it's just a point?
4. Which paragraph talks about the origins of using "love" in the scoring system of tennis games?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraphs 3 - 4.
D. Paragraphs 4 - 5.
体裁: 说明文$ \quad $主题: 科普知识$ \quad $难度$: \boldsymbol{\bigstar\bigstar\bigstar\bigstar} \quad $建议用时$: 9 min \quad $正确率: /4
(原创)One, two, three... Most sports have a pretty straightforward scoring system(系统), but tennis is a little different. In each game, both players start with zero—called "love". After one person scores, the point becomes 15. The next point is 30, then 40, and the following point wins that game.
Some wonder why we count this way. Why not just "1, 2, 3, game Federer" for example? Unluckily, we don't know much about the origin(起源$) of this scoring system. We only know that in the early days of the sport, the scores were 15, 30, 45—rather than 40. For example, a poem from the 1410s counted the points of a game between King Henry V of England and the French Dauphin as 15, 30, 45. This was \mathrm{making sense} as each growth was 15.$
$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangle} One popular explanation($解释) shows that the numbers have to do with clocks. People may have felt that the four quarters of a clock were a good way to score the game. But not everyone is happy with that explanation. Some people point out that minute hands weren't introduced until the late 16th century.
You may find it strange to use "love" for a score of zero. Some believe that it came from the French word "l'oeuf (the egg)"—after all, it's common to refer to a zero score as a duck or goose egg. Others would like a more romantic idea about its origin: Some people play tennis for love even if they don't win anything.
No matter how strange the scoring system may be, tennis is enjoyed all around the world. Tens of millions play it, with even more watching it on TV or their phones. So, why not pick up your racket and enjoy some fun with tennis?
1. In the scoring system of tennis games, "1:3" is counted as
C
.A. 1:3
B. 10:30
C. 15:40
D. 15:45
$2. What does the underlined phrase "making sense" mean in Paragraph 2? \gg $词义猜测题
A. Useful.
B. Hopeful.
C. Wonderful.
D. Meaningful.
3. Which of the following can be put in "$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangle}$" in Paragraph 3?
A. Why do we count "15, 30, 45" rather than "1, 2, 3"?
B. What do players think of 15 points instead of a point?
C. How did people change "15, 30, 45" into "15, 30, 40"?
D. Why do we give players 15 points when it's just a point?
4. Which paragraph talks about the origins of using "love" in the scoring system of tennis games?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraphs 3 - 4.
D. Paragraphs 4 - 5.
答案
训练 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网球比赛独特的记分方式。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“After one person scores，the point becomes 15. The next point is 30，then 40”可知网球比赛记分系统中，“1：3”记为“15：40”。故选 C。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据下文“as each growth was 15”可知“15，30，45”的记分方式，每次增加都是 15，比起“15，30，40”更有意义。故选 D。
3. D 补全文章题。根据下文“One popular explanation shows that the numbers have to do with clocks. People may have felt that the four quarters of a clock were a good way to score the game.”可知本段主要介绍了网球比赛记分系统中将 1 分记为 15 分的原因；D 项“为什么当分数只有 1 分时我们给球员 15 分？”符合题意。故选 D。
4. B 段落大意题。根据第四段“You may find it strange to use ‘love’ for a score of zero.”可知本段介绍了网球比赛记分系统中用“love”表示零分的起源。故选 B。
干扰项分析
第三段介绍了网球比赛记分系统中将 1 分记为 15 分的原因，第五段总结全文，不符合题意。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“After one person scores，the point becomes 15. The next point is 30，then 40”可知网球比赛记分系统中，“1：3”记为“15：40”。故选 C。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据下文“as each growth was 15”可知“15，30，45”的记分方式，每次增加都是 15，比起“15，30，40”更有意义。故选 D。
3. D 补全文章题。根据下文“One popular explanation shows that the numbers have to do with clocks. People may have felt that the four quarters of a clock were a good way to score the game.”可知本段主要介绍了网球比赛记分系统中将 1 分记为 15 分的原因；D 项“为什么当分数只有 1 分时我们给球员 15 分？”符合题意。故选 D。
4. B 段落大意题。根据第四段“You may find it strange to use ‘love’ for a score of zero.”可知本段介绍了网球比赛记分系统中用“love”表示零分的起源。故选 B。
干扰项分析
第三段介绍了网球比赛记分系统中将 1 分记为 15 分的原因，第五段总结全文，不符合题意。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍网球特殊计分规则的科普说明文，4道题目分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、语篇补全、段落主旨定位四类阅读高频考点。解题时首先通读全文理清文章脉络：文章先引出网球不同于常规运动的计分方式，再介绍早期计分规则的相关背景，随后分别解释计分数字的由来、0分用"love"指代的起源，最后总结网球的普及度。逐题解题思路如下：1. 第一题直接定位第一段的计分规则描述，匹配常规比分和网球计分的对应关系即可得出答案；2. 第二题词义猜测结合划线短语的上下文逻辑，通过后文给出的"每次分值增量都是15"的解释，推导该短语的含义；3. 第三题段首补全设问句，重点阅读空后给出的全部解释内容，判断设问需要匹配的核心话题，排除话题不符的选项；4. 第四题定位"love"指代0分的相关内容，逐段核对各段核心主旨，找到对应段落即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：根据原文第一段"After one person scores, the point becomes 15. The next point is 30, then 40, and the following point wins that game"可知，网球规则中选手拿到第1分计为15，第2分计为30，第3分计为40，因此常规比分1:3对应的网球计分就是15:40，排除A、B、D选项。
2. 词义猜测：划线短语"making sense"所在句前文提到早期网球计分是15、30、45，后文补充说明这套规则的分值每一次上涨都恰好是15，逻辑通顺合理，是有意义的设置。A选项"有用的"、B选项"有希望的"、C选项"极好的"均不符合语境，只有D选项"有意义的"匹配含义。
3. 语篇补全：第三段空后内容给出的解释是计分数字和时钟的刻度划分有关，核心是回答为什么普通的1分要被记作15分的问题。A选项设问范围过宽，后文没有对比1、2、3计分方式的内容；B选项话题是球员的看法，后文完全没有提及球员态度；C选项话题是45修改为40的过程，后文没有相关描述，只有D选项的设问和后文解释的核心话题完全匹配。
4. 段落定位：全文第四段首句直接引出"用'love'指代0分很奇怪"的话题，整段内容都在介绍该用法的两种起源猜测。第三段核心是解释15/30的计分由来，第五段是总结网球的普及度，因此介绍"love"起源的段落是第4段，排除A、C、D选项。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节定位，词义猜测
【点评】
本题属于中等偏上难度的科普类阅读题，考点覆盖全面，既考察学生快速从文本中精准锁定关键信息的能力，也要求学生结合上下文逻辑推导语篇衔接关系、猜测生词含义，容易出错的点集中在第3题和第4题，学生解题时要注意不要脱离后文内容主观选择设问句，也不要混淆不同段落的核心话题。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇介绍网球特殊计分规则的科普说明文，4道题目分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、语篇补全、段落主旨定位四类阅读高频考点。解题时首先通读全文理清文章脉络：文章先引出网球不同于常规运动的计分方式，再介绍早期计分规则的相关背景，随后分别解释计分数字的由来、0分用"love"指代的起源，最后总结网球的普及度。逐题解题思路如下：1. 第一题直接定位第一段的计分规则描述，匹配常规比分和网球计分的对应关系即可得出答案；2. 第二题词义猜测结合划线短语的上下文逻辑，通过后文给出的"每次分值增量都是15"的解释，推导该短语的含义；3. 第三题段首补全设问句，重点阅读空后给出的全部解释内容，判断设问需要匹配的核心话题，排除话题不符的选项；4. 第四题定位"love"指代0分的相关内容，逐段核对各段核心主旨，找到对应段落即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：根据原文第一段"After one person scores, the point becomes 15. The next point is 30, then 40, and the following point wins that game"可知，网球规则中选手拿到第1分计为15，第2分计为30，第3分计为40，因此常规比分1:3对应的网球计分就是15:40，排除A、B、D选项。
2. 词义猜测：划线短语"making sense"所在句前文提到早期网球计分是15、30、45，后文补充说明这套规则的分值每一次上涨都恰好是15，逻辑通顺合理，是有意义的设置。A选项"有用的"、B选项"有希望的"、C选项"极好的"均不符合语境，只有D选项"有意义的"匹配含义。
3. 语篇补全：第三段空后内容给出的解释是计分数字和时钟的刻度划分有关，核心是回答为什么普通的1分要被记作15分的问题。A选项设问范围过宽，后文没有对比1、2、3计分方式的内容；B选项话题是球员的看法，后文完全没有提及球员态度；C选项话题是45修改为40的过程，后文没有相关描述，只有D选项的设问和后文解释的核心话题完全匹配。
4. 段落定位：全文第四段首句直接引出"用'love'指代0分很奇怪"的话题，整段内容都在介绍该用法的两种起源猜测。第三段核心是解释15/30的计分由来，第五段是总结网球的普及度，因此介绍"love"起源的段落是第4段，排除A、C、D选项。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节定位，词义猜测
【点评】
本题属于中等偏上难度的科普类阅读题，考点覆盖全面，既考察学生快速从文本中精准锁定关键信息的能力，也要求学生结合上下文逻辑推导语篇衔接关系、猜测生词含义，容易出错的点集中在第3题和第4题，学生解题时要注意不要脱离后文内容主观选择设问句，也不要混淆不同段落的核心话题。
【难度系数】
0.4
