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Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Many marine creatures live in or around coral
2. The course
3. Children enjoy playing with
4. She was happy to hear that her favourite singer was still
5. The
1. Many marine creatures live in or around coral
reefs
(reef).2. The course
includes
(include) a visit to the local museum.3. Children enjoy playing with
sand
(sand) on sunny beaches.4. She was happy to hear that her favourite singer was still
alive
(live).5. The
structure
(structure) of the new library is both practical and artistic.答案
1. reefs 2. includes 3. sand 4. alive 5. structure
解析
【分析】
本题为英语词形填空题，需结合句子语法结构、词汇属性及语境完成变形：1. 第1题中coral reef是可数名词，表泛指时用复数；2. 第2题主语为单数第三人称，一般现在时谓语动词用单三形式；3. 第3题sand表“沙子”为不可数名词，无复数变化；4. 第4题需用形容词作表语，live的形容词形式为alive；5. 第5题谓语为单数is，主语用单数名词。
【解析】
1. 句意：许多海洋生物生活在珊瑚礁里或周围。reef是可数名词，此处泛指珊瑚礁这类事物，故填复数形式reefs。
2. 句意：这门课程包括参观当地博物馆。主语the course是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式includes。
3. 句意：孩子们喜欢在阳光明媚的海滩上玩沙子。sand作“沙子”讲是不可数名词，无需变形，故填sand。
4. 句意：她很高兴听到她最喜欢的歌手还活着。be alive是固定短语，意为“活着的”，此处需用形容词作表语，故填alive。
5. 句意：新图书馆的结构既实用又美观。谓语动词为单数is，主语需用单数名词，故填structure。
【答案】
1. reefs 2. includes 3. sand 4. alive 5. structure
【知识点】
名词单复数、一般现在时、形容词转换
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的词形变化，涉及名词单复数、动词时态及词性转换，是初中英语的核心基础题型，需掌握常见词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】
0.3
本题为英语词形填空题，需结合句子语法结构、词汇属性及语境完成变形：1. 第1题中coral reef是可数名词，表泛指时用复数；2. 第2题主语为单数第三人称，一般现在时谓语动词用单三形式；3. 第3题sand表“沙子”为不可数名词，无复数变化；4. 第4题需用形容词作表语，live的形容词形式为alive；5. 第5题谓语为单数is，主语用单数名词。
【解析】
1. 句意：许多海洋生物生活在珊瑚礁里或周围。reef是可数名词，此处泛指珊瑚礁这类事物，故填复数形式reefs。
2. 句意：这门课程包括参观当地博物馆。主语the course是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式includes。
3. 句意：孩子们喜欢在阳光明媚的海滩上玩沙子。sand作“沙子”讲是不可数名词，无需变形，故填sand。
4. 句意：她很高兴听到她最喜欢的歌手还活着。be alive是固定短语，意为“活着的”，此处需用形容词作表语，故填alive。
5. 句意：新图书馆的结构既实用又美观。谓语动词为单数is，主语需用单数名词，故填structure。
【答案】
1. reefs 2. includes 3. sand 4. alive 5. structure
【知识点】
名词单复数、一般现在时、形容词转换
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的词形变化，涉及名词单复数、动词时态及词性转换，是初中英语的核心基础题型，需掌握常见词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】
0.3
二、强化提升训练
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Have you been to the Sahara? It is a dry world with less than 100 mm of rainfall every year. However, there is a lifeline through it in the areas west of the Nile in Egypt. In fact, the areas were wetter in the past according to a new study.
Savino di Lernia, a professor at the Sapienza University of Rome, studied the fossils（化石）on a 140-square-metre rock in the Sahara Desert. In fossils between 8,000 and 10,200 years old, around 90% were fish bones. This shows the rock was close to a large lake.
The environment at that time was a good fit for humans. The Sahara even held large animals like elephants until about 5,500 years ago. It began to dry out around 7,400 years ago. In fossils between 4,650 and 5,900 years old, fish bones only made up about 48%.
The climate keeps changing, and the desert areas in the Sahara are even larger. The environment we live in is not always in its place. To fit us for the changing environment, we'd better take lessons from the early humans.
根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。
（
（
（
（
（
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Have you been to the Sahara? It is a dry world with less than 100 mm of rainfall every year. However, there is a lifeline through it in the areas west of the Nile in Egypt. In fact, the areas were wetter in the past according to a new study.
Savino di Lernia, a professor at the Sapienza University of Rome, studied the fossils（化石）on a 140-square-metre rock in the Sahara Desert. In fossils between 8,000 and 10,200 years old, around 90% were fish bones. This shows the rock was close to a large lake.
The environment at that time was a good fit for humans. The Sahara even held large animals like elephants until about 5,500 years ago. It began to dry out around 7,400 years ago. In fossils between 4,650 and 5,900 years old, fish bones only made up about 48%.
The climate keeps changing, and the desert areas in the Sahara are even larger. The environment we live in is not always in its place. To fit us for the changing environment, we'd better take lessons from the early humans.
根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。
（
F
）1. The Sahara Desert has more than 100 mm of rainfall every year.（
T
）2. Savino di Lernia studied fossils on a 140-square-metre rock in the Sahara Desert.（
F
）3. In fossils 9,000 years old, fish bones accounted for about 48%.（
T
）4. The Sahara began to dry out around 7,400 years ago.（
F
）5. The desert areas in the Sahara are getting smaller as the climate changes.答案
1—5 FTFTF
解析
【分析】做英语阅读理解判断正误题时，需先明确题干关键词，再回到原文定位对应内容，将题干表述与原文细节逐一比对，每道题都要有原文依据，避免主观臆断，以此判断正误。
【解析】1. 题干意为“撒哈拉沙漠每年降雨量超过100毫米”，原文第一段明确提到“less than 100 mm of rainfall every year”，与题干不符，故判断为F；2. 题干意为“Savino di Lernia研究了撒哈拉沙漠中一块140平方米岩石上的化石”，原文第二段第一句与题干表述一致，故判断为T；3. 题干意为“9000年的化石中，鱼骨占比约48%”，原文第二段指出8000-10200年的化石中约90%是鱼骨，4650-5900年的化石中鱼骨占比才约48%，与题干不符，故判断为F；4. 题干意为“撒哈拉约7400年前开始变干”，原文第三段明确提到“It began to dry out around 7,400 years ago”，与题干一致，故判断为T；5. 题干意为“随着气候变化，撒哈拉沙漠区域正在变小”，原文第四段提到“the desert areas in the Sahara are even larger”，与题干不符，故判断为F。
【答案】1—5 FTFTF
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节判断正误题
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解的判断正误题型，侧重考查学生定位原文细节、比对信息的能力，解题关键是紧扣原文内容，避免误读，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】1. 题干意为“撒哈拉沙漠每年降雨量超过100毫米”，原文第一段明确提到“less than 100 mm of rainfall every year”，与题干不符，故判断为F；2. 题干意为“Savino di Lernia研究了撒哈拉沙漠中一块140平方米岩石上的化石”，原文第二段第一句与题干表述一致，故判断为T；3. 题干意为“9000年的化石中，鱼骨占比约48%”，原文第二段指出8000-10200年的化石中约90%是鱼骨，4650-5900年的化石中鱼骨占比才约48%，与题干不符，故判断为F；4. 题干意为“撒哈拉约7400年前开始变干”，原文第三段明确提到“It began to dry out around 7,400 years ago”，与题干一致，故判断为T；5. 题干意为“随着气候变化，撒哈拉沙漠区域正在变小”，原文第四段提到“the desert areas in the Sahara are even larger”，与题干不符，故判断为F。
【答案】1—5 FTFTF
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节判断正误题
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解的判断正误题型，侧重考查学生定位原文细节、比对信息的能力，解题关键是紧扣原文内容，避免误读，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8
